The ProtistsThe ProtistsToday’s Focus – Animal-Today’s Focus – Animal-

LikeLike

The ProtistsThe ProtistsToday’s Focus – Animal-Today’s Focus – Animal-

LikeLikeBy Evil Evil Evil Mr. BleeckerBy Evil Evil Evil Mr. Bleecker

You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work

Protists – Unicellular Eukaryotes

Protists• Plant-like• Animal-like• Fungi-like• Resemble other Kingdoms• Belong to None of them• E.g.. A plant cell with no cell wall that

swims around photosynthesizing and eating it’s neighbors – whazzup wit dat?!

Animal-Like Protists Classification Scheme

1. Ciliophora – ciliated2. Zoomastigina – flagellated3. Sporozoa – spore formers

that cannot move4. Sarcodina – ameba-like

protists

Ciliophora – eg. Paramecium

• Solitary or colonial

• Uses ciliary beating motion to move around

• Cilia also used to help feed

Ciliophora Cell Parts• Cell Membrane

• Pellicle – folds of membrane

• Gullet – food is swept into this by cilia

• Anal Pore

• Micro/Macronucleus• Trichocysts – harpoons for attacking prey• Vacuoles 1. Food

2. Water Vacuoles3. Waste – goes out pore

Reproduction

• Binary Fission• Sexual reproduction by meiosis and

gamete production also occurs

Zoomastigina• Ecology: Ponds, Lakes• Motion: Flagella• Nutrition: Absorb food through membrane• Reproduction:

– Asexually by Binary Fission– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)

• Diseases: Parasitic – eg. Giardia (Beaver Fever) African Sleeping Sickness –

Trympanosoma

Trypanosoma – a Sporozoan Parasite that Causes Sleeping Sickness – Invading Red

Blood Cells

Flagellar Advancements are

Amazing • Tubulin Protein units

• 9+2 Arrangement

• Not seen in bacteria in this level of complexity with protein units

• Swimming “beat” vs. the “corkscrew motion” of prokaryotic flagella

Here’s How Cilia and Flagella work – Sweeping Motions

Sporozoa = Spore Forming Protists

• Ecology: Parasites found living on birds, worms, insects, fish, humans

• Motion: None• Nutrition: Parasitic – Actively absorb food

through membrane• Reproduction:

– Asexually by Binary Fission– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)

• Diseases: Plasmodium vivax causes Malaria

Anopholes Mosquito has P. Vivax living in its gut lining

Sarcodina = “Jelly”• Ecology: Streams, Lakes• Motion: Cytoplasmic streaming by Pseudopods• Nutrition: Heterotrophic/Parasitic – Actively

absorb food through membrane• Reproduction:

– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)

• Diseases: Amebic Dysentery• Notables: Some Sarcodines have a crystal

casing

An Amoeba – so Cute

What the?! Hey! This is

lemonade! Where’s my vial of Amebic Dysentery!?

Why we Never Drink in the Lab

The Sarcodines are Responsible for Crystal Deposits in Ocean Sand

• SiO2 – silicon dioxide shells. Pretty and used extensively in cosmetics.

• CaCO3 – calcium carbonate shells, from foraminerferans, that form a large component of the White Cliffs of Dover in England

The ProtistsThe ProtistsDay Two – Plant-LikeDay Two – Plant-Like

The ProtistsThe ProtistsDay Two – Plant-LikeDay Two – Plant-Like

By Evil Evil Evil Mr. BleeckerBy Evil Evil Evil Mr. BleeckerYou Know, the Guy who Marks all your work You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work

Now that you are a protozoan pro, do you remember the next group of

protists – those that make their own food?

Plant-like Plant-like protistsprotists

The Plant-Like Protists The main phyla of these plant-like protists

you’ll examine are:

1. Euglenaphyta (Euglena)2. Pyrrophyta (Dinoflagellates)3. Chrysophyta (Diatoms or Golden Algae)4. Slime Molds (Fungus-like)

Let’s take a look…

EuglenaEuglena

http://www.bgbm.org/kusber/images/euglena.gif

The euglena performs photosynthesis like a plant, but has a flagellum and moves around like a protozoan – cool!

Euglenophyta – Flagellated ProtistsEuglena

• have 2 flagella that make them spin; some can secrete dangerous toxins – one example is the red tides caused by Pfiesteria, which lead to fish kills

Dinoflagellates

http://www.infectiousdiseasenews.com/199906/S9a06587.gif

Red Tide caused by the Dinoflagellate - Gymnodinium breve

Chrysophyta – the Diatoms

This phylum of algae is noted for its symmetry and beautiful glass shells

Called phylum chrysophata after their beautiful “crystalline” shells

The Slime molds

• Slime molds obtain food through decomposition of organic material

• This is a slime mold --commonly found on grass. It’s called the dog vomit slime mold – eewww, gross!

Endosymbiotic Theory

• The theory that critters took up permanent residence in cells, forming a symbiosis– Ex. Chloroplasts & Mitochondria– But the list is actually larger (potentially)

Matching:match each protozoan with it’s mode of locomotion

Cilia (ciliaphora)

Flagella (mastigophora)

Pseudopod (sarcodina)

Click to see the correct answers

What protozoan doesn’t move? Click again to see answer…

Sporozoa

No, but you can start

18.3 #1 to 4

Bring your lab books

tomorrow!!