the protestant reformation - mrs. kristin...
TRANSCRIPT
The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 13
The Causes of the Reformation
Bell Ringers
What do you believe this to be a symbol
of?
What is the significance of this symbol?
Delivery of the Keys, Perugino
Peter becomes Christ’s Vicar
Power passed down from Peter to all
the following Popes.
Therefore, the Pope’s power comes
straight from Jesus Christ.
The development of a religious
monopoly.
The Bible
The Bible printed in Vulgar
Language
1480, St. Jerome
Wanted people to read and
understand the Bible for
themselves.
Becomes the official Bible of the
Catholic Church, but it can no
longer be read by laymen.
Causes a huge disconnection
from the average people
Disconnection of the Catholic Church
Many began to complain about the churches lack of spiritual guidance and their focus on monetary gains over spiritual
Relics
A revered part of a deceased holy person's body or belongings
Indulgences
Remission from God
Nepotism
People with power favoring their relatives
Simony
The selling of church offices
Pluralism
Holding more than one office within the Church
Absenteeism
Many officials were absent from their duties and obligations
Martin Luther
Bell Ringer
What is this a picture of?
What story is the Church telling with this
visual?
What is the point of conveying this
message?
St. Peter’s Basilica
It is bring constructed during the Renaissance
Pope did not have the money to afford
Johann Tetzel
Indulgences (God is ready to forgive for $)
“As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs.”
“You can violate the Mother of God and still be forgiven.” – John Tetzel
Martin Luther
Lived a simple life dedicated to the church
October 31, 1517… put up his Ninety-Five Theses
Some were offended… some were inspired
Sale of indulgences…. “By what right does the Pope have the right to forgive sins, isn’t that God’s job”
Sought a debate with the Catholic Church
Scripture only comes from the Bible
Heaven through faith, not works
Only two sacraments… Baptism and Communion
Anyone that is a Christian can have a direct relationship with God (your Spirit guides you)
Martin Luther abandons the idea of Free Will and said it comes through God’s grace
Martin Luther
Excommunicated , 1521
Outlawed by Charles V
Found a protector in Frederick of Saxony
Diet of Worms, 1521, Trial
Deemed a heretic
“I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise. God help me. Amen.”
German’s Peasant War
Peasants fight the nobility
Fights against these Wars
Only equal in heaven, not on earth
Lutheranism… respects authority
Peace of Augsburg, 1555
Individual rulers can determine their principalities religion
English Reformation
Bell Ringers
Defense of the Seven Sacraments by
King Henry VIII of England, France, and
Ireland
What is the Defense of the Seven
Sacraments?
Why would Henry VIII be so quick to
defend the Catholic Faith?
How will the Pope respond to this writing?
King Henry VIII
Henry adamantly defends Catholicism
Married to Catherine from the House of Habsburg
Catherine is NOT producing a son
Wants to avoid another War of the Roses
Seeks an annulment
Catherine was originally married to Arthur (HVIII brother)
their marriage is against cannon law, but Henry received a dispensation stating marriage allowed
“Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother’s wife, it is thy brother’s nakedness” Leviticus 18:16
Pope denies his request
Catherine and Charles V
King Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy in 1534
Parliament granted Henry the title Supreme Head of the Church of England
Dissolved the English monasteries
Confiscated the churches land
Creation of the Gentry (unique to England)
Opposition
Catholics (Northern Catholics)
Monasteries were an important part of community life
Vital to economy
Pilgrimage Grace March (protested)
Henry VIII Reformation
Very conservative in nature
Luther was moderate and Calvin was radical, but Henry was conservative because he had no issue with the doctrine of Catholicism… just its power over him as the King
Many argue Anglican is its own branch, like Catholicism and Protestantism
Edward VI and Thomas Cranmer
Edward VI
King at 9, Dead at 16
Started to differentiate itself from the Roman Catholic under Thomas Cranmer
Archbishop of Canterbury
Book of Common Prayer, Got rid of Clerical Celibacy
Edward wanted to ensure the Protestant succession
appointed Lady Jane Grey as Queen
Executed by Queen Mary
Queen Mary
Queen Mary (Bloody Mary)
Restored Catholicism with her husband,
Philip II of Spain (co-regent)
First cousins once removed
300 Protestants martyred during her reign
Thomas Cranmer, victim
John Knox, Presbyterian (not a victim)
The First Blast of the Trumpet against the
Monstrous Regiment of Women, 1558
A fear of Mary and her reign
First Cousins once removed
John Knox on the Reign of Mary
“I fear not to say, that the day of vengeance, which shall apprehend that horrible monster
Jezebel of England, and such as maintain her monstrous cruelty, is already appointed in the
counsel of the eternal. And I verily believe that it is so nigh, that she shall not reign so long in
tyranny as hitherto she has done.”
– John Knox, The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, 1558
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I, ruled 44 years
Restored Anglican Protestantism
Elizabethan Religious Settlement, 1559
Religious uniformity (Everyone is Anglican)
Moderate Protestantism
Elizabeth becomes Supreme Governor
Compromise with Catholics
Radical Protestants are outraged… believed to be too Catholic
Pope deems that Elizabeth’s rule is
illegitimate… Elizabeth gives the Jesuits 40
days to leave England
Philip II proposed marriage…Elizabeth denies
the advances (fears a co-regent)
Virgin Queen, best to stay married
1588, Spanish Armada
Defeated by the Royal Navy
England becomes the dominant force in the seas
The Catholic Reformation
Bell Ringers
If any one shall say, that man may be justified before God by his own works, whether done through the strength of human nature, or through the teaching of the law, without the divine grace through Jesus Christ, let them be anathema.
-Canon I on Justification
If any one shall say, that since Adam’s sin, the free will of man is lost and extinguished; or, that it is a thing with a name only, yea, a title without a reality, a figment… let him be anathema.
-Canon V on Justification
If any one shall say, that by faith alone the impious is justified; so as to mean that nothing else is required to cooperate in order unto the obtaining the grace of justification… let him be anathema.
-Canon IX on Justification
1. What is the purpose of this document?
2. What do you believe anathema means?
The Council of Trent
The Council of Trent, 1545-1563, 3 sessions
Affirmation of Catholic Doctrine
Sources of Authority
Scripture (foundation)
Tradition (respect)
Magisterium (pope and bishops)
Anathema
Condemning reformers to hell
Reformation of Church Practice
Quality of Priest increases
Seminaries
Fights Corruption
Indulgences (forgiveness) allowed, the sale forbidden
Religious Orders
The Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Ignatius of Loyola, founder
Converted Knight, now fighting for spiritual warfare
Counter-Reformation:
Education (Jesuit Universities)
Spiritual Exercise
Emphasis of Personal Piety
The Revival of Spirituality
Saint Teresa of Avila
Mystic, Theologian, Reformer
Reformed monasteries to focus on spirituality and simplicity
Vows of chasity, poverty, and obedience
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Bernini
Calvinism and the Wars of Religion
Bell Ringers
Protestant Reformation SAQ
Calvinism
John Calvin
Geneva, Switzerland
Reformed Christianity, Radical Reformer
Institutes of the Christian Religion
Doctrines and systems of his theology
Logical
Sovereignty of God is the absolute control
Predestination
No Free Will, The Elect are Chosen
French War of Religion
Huguenots, (French Protestants/Calvinist)
Substantial Protestant Minorities = Conflict
Catherine de’Medici
Married into the French Royal Family
The end of the Valois Dynasty
Queen Regent – manipulated her sons, most powerful women in Europe
St. Bartholomeus Day Massacre
Orchestrated by Catherine de’Medici
3,000 Protestants killed by Catholics in Paris
French War of Religions
Henry IV of Navarre
Defeated the Catholic League in the Wars of
Religion
became King of a Catholic nation… “Paris is worth a Mass” converted to Catholicism
Politique: political concern should be placed above
religious concerns… France is more important than
which Religion one follows
Edict of Nantes (1598): Protestants were tolerated
under certain circumstances in certain places
France will remain Catholic, however, Protestants granted partial religious tolerance
Henry IV established the Bourbon Dynasty