the protestant reformation mr. koch world history a forest lake high school
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The Protestant Reformation
Mr. Koch
World History A
Forest Lake High School
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Protestant Reformation
Medieval Church was closely tied to secular world
Many popes/clergy living in luxury
Much corruption
-selling indulgences
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Martin Luther
German monk and professor
Disturbed by Church’s corruption and secular dealings
1517 A.D.
-Posted 95 Theses on door of church in Wittenburg
-Copies begin to circulate
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Martin Luther
1521 – excommunicated by Pope Leo XAfter diet of Worms, declared outlaw by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VWent into hiding – started gaining followers
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Changes advanced by Luther:
Salvation through faith (not good deeds)
Bible only real source of religious truth
(not clergy)
Made more accessible to common folk (vernacular)
Rejected sacraments not in the Bible
Simplified masses
Permitted clergy to marry
His followers set up Lutheran churches (Protestant)
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John Calvin
Also wrote about proper religious organization
Similar to Luther – salvation through faith, Bible only truth
Calvinists believed in predestination – “saints & sinners”
Set up theocracy in Geneva – strict regulation of life
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Religious wars and conflicts start erupting throughout Europe
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As Reformation spreads, becomes more radical
Anabaptists – only adults can be baptized
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English Reformation
King Henry VIII initially opposed Reformation
1527 – Wanted to annul marriage to Catherine of AragonWanted to marry Anne Boleyn – try for male heir
Pope Clement VII refused
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English Reformation
1534 – Act of Supremacy
Authority of Church of England transferred from Pope to King
Established Anglican Church
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English Reformation
Most of Protestant reforms took place after Henry
Conflict b/w Catholics/Protestants erupt after death
Edward VI – Protestant / Mary Tudor - Catholic
Elizabeth I restores unity through compromise
Anglican Church establishes firm, official position
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Catholic Reformation
Church tries to change in reaction to Protestant Reformation1545 – Council of Trent
- called by Pope Paul IIIReaffirms Catholic beliefs, but tries to end abuses and improve education of clergy
Strengthened use of Inquisition
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Religious persecution
Witch huntsTens of thousands killed b/w 1450-1750Common in areas where religious conflict prevalent
Usually social outcasts used as scapegoats
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Religious persecution
Jews face increased pressure to convert and restrictions(Persecution of Jews had also been promoted by Luther)
Expelled from some areas or segregated into ghettos