The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

Applied World HistoryApplied World History

The Church During the The Church During the MiddleMiddle AgesAges

The The CatholicCatholic Church Church dominateddominated people’s lives people’s lives during the Middle during the Middle Ages.Ages.

The church became The church became very involved in very involved in politicalpolitical affairs, affairs, including starting including starting wars and fighting wars and fighting for money and for money and other interests.other interests.

Popes and Priests Become Popes and Priests Become CorruptCorrupt

Popes and priests Popes and priests begin to live very begin to live very extravagantextravagant lives. lives.

The church also The church also increased the prices of increased the prices of services such as services such as marriagesmarriages and and baptisms. baptisms.

They used this money They used this money to to beautifybeautify churches churches and other church and other church properties. properties.

The Church Sells The Church Sells IndulgencesIndulgences

The Catholic Church The Catholic Church during this time during this time believed that believed that soulssouls too too impure for heaven impure for heaven spent time in spent time in PurgatoryPurgatory..

They believed They believed indulgencesindulgences could could lessen this time.lessen this time.

At first, people could At first, people could get these indulgences get these indulgences through through goodgood deedsdeeds..

During the late Middle During the late Middle Ages, these could be Ages, these could be bought with bought with moneymoney..

Martin LutherMartin Luther Protests the Protests the ChurchChurch

Martin Luther was a Martin Luther was a Catholic Catholic monkmonk and and teacher of theology.teacher of theology.

He became upset with the He became upset with the corruptioncorruption and and worldliness of the church.worldliness of the church.

It drove him nuts when a It drove him nuts when a priest in priest in WittenbergWittenberg offered indulgence to offered indulgence to anyone who offered money anyone who offered money for the rebuilding of St. for the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Peter’s CathedralCathedral..

These could even be used These could even be used to get to get deaddead relativesrelatives of of the giver into heaven. the giver into heaven.

Luther ProtestsLuther Protests Luther nails Luther nails 9595

ThesesTheses, or , or complaints, to the complaints, to the door of the chapel in door of the chapel in Wittenberg.Wittenberg.

He argued against He argued against indulgencesindulgences..

He said the pope He said the pope couldn’t free souls couldn’t free souls from from PurgatoryPurgatory..

He also said Christians He also said Christians could only be saved could only be saved through through faithfaith, not , not moneymoney..

Luther’s Ideas SpreadLuther’s Ideas Spread Luther’s 95 Theses Luther’s 95 Theses

spread throughout spread throughout EuropeEurope..

He is called on to He is called on to recantrecant his views, his views, instead, he says the instead, he says the Catholic church has no Catholic church has no authorityauthority..

He is He is excommunicatedexcommunicated, or , or officially kicked out of officially kicked out of the Catholic Church.the Catholic Church.

He is called before the He is called before the Pope at the Diet of Pope at the Diet of Worms. He is made an Worms. He is made an outlawoutlaw by the pope. by the pope.

The Beliefs of Martin LutherThe Beliefs of Martin Luther He believed that everyone has the same He believed that everyone has the same

access to God through access to God through faithfaith and the and the BibleBible.. He wanted ordinary people to be able to He wanted ordinary people to be able to readread

the Bible. He the Bible. He translatedtranslated it into German. it into German. He allowed the clergy to He allowed the clergy to marrymarry and simplified and simplified

complicated complicated ritualsrituals.. He banned indulgences and wanted every He banned indulgences and wanted every

town to have a town to have a schoolschool to teach children to to teach children to read the Bible.read the Bible.

His followers became known as His followers became known as ““ProtestantsProtestants.”.”

John Calvin and the John Calvin and the CalvinistsCalvinists

Calvin builds on Calvin builds on Luther’s ideas.Luther’s ideas.

He preaches He preaches predestinationpredestination, or , or the idea that who the idea that who will be saved and will be saved and who won’t be was who won’t be was decided long ago.decided long ago.

The world was The world was divided into divided into saintssaints and and sinnerssinners..

Calvin Creates a Calvin Creates a TheocracyTheocracy in in Geneva, SwitzerlandGeneva, Switzerland

Calvin creates a Calvin creates a government run by government run by churchchurch leaders. This leaders. This is called a theocracy.is called a theocracy.

There were strict There were strict punishmentspunishments for for fighting, swearing, fighting, swearing, laughing in church, or laughing in church, or dancing.dancing.

They viewed They viewed themselves as a themselves as a modelmodel for others. for others.

Many new religious Many new religious sectssects spring up in spring up in Europe.Europe.

The Reformation in EnglandThe Reformation in England In 1527, In 1527, KingKing HenryHenry

VIIIVIII (the eighth) of (the eighth) of England was married to England was married to Catherine of Aragon. Catherine of Aragon. He wanted a male He wanted a male heirheir and only had a and only had a daughter, Mary Tudor.daughter, Mary Tudor.

Henry wanted to Henry wanted to marrymarry Anne Boleyn. Anne Boleyn. He asked the pope to He asked the pope to annulannul his marriage. his marriage. The pope does not The pope does not allow it.allow it.

Henry Creates the Church of Henry Creates the Church of EnglandEngland

Henry creates the Henry creates the Church of England, or Church of England, or the the AnglicanAnglican Church. Church.

He appoints his own He appoints his own headhead of this church, of this church, who grants his who grants his divorcedivorce. .

He He seizesseizes land and land and money and property money and property from the Catholic from the Catholic Church.Church.

Henry marries Henry marries 66 times, times, but leaves just but leaves just oneone son. son. Only two get beheaded.Only two get beheaded.

What Happens to the What Happens to the Wives?Wives?

Catherine of Aragon: Divorced. Catherine of Aragon: Divorced. Lived for three years after Henry Lived for three years after Henry divorced her in a series of lonely divorced her in a series of lonely castles.castles.

Anne Boleyn: Executed. The Anne Boleyn: Executed. The reason given was adultery.reason given was adultery.

Jane Seymour. Died two weeks Jane Seymour. Died two weeks after giving birth to Henry’s son, after giving birth to Henry’s son, Edward.Edward.

Anne of Cleves. Divorced. Anne of Cleves. Divorced. Married only seven months. Married only seven months. Henry called her the “Flanders Henry called her the “Flanders Mare.”Mare.”

Kathryn Howard. She was 19, he Kathryn Howard. She was 19, he was 49. Executed for adultery.was 49. Executed for adultery.

Katherine Parr. Widowed.Katherine Parr. Widowed.

Religious Religious TurmoilTurmoil Follows Follows Henry’s DeathHenry’s Death

Henry’s Henry’s ninenine year year old son Edward VI old son Edward VI takes the throne.takes the throne.

He is a Protestant He is a Protestant and there are and there are uprisingsuprisings against against his changes in the his changes in the church.church.

He harshly He harshly suppressessuppresses these these uprisings.uprisings.

England Becomes England Becomes CatholicCatholic AgainAgain

After Edward dies in his After Edward dies in his teens, his half sister teens, his half sister Mary Tudor became Mary Tudor became queenqueen..

She tried to make She tried to make England Catholic again.England Catholic again.

Thousands of Thousands of Protestants are Protestants are burnedburned at the stake.at the stake.

This earns her the This earns her the nickname “nickname “BloodyBloody Mary.”Mary.”

Elizabeth Makes Elizabeth Makes CompromisesCompromises

After Mary dies, After Mary dies, ElizabethElizabeth II becomes becomes the Queen of England.the Queen of England.

She makes She makes gradualgradual changes and makes changes and makes the Church of England the Church of England more like the Catholic more like the Catholic Church.Church.

She stops the She stops the killingkilling between Catholics and between Catholics and Protestants.Protestants.

She made England a She made England a ProtestantProtestant country country for good.for good.

The InquisitionThe Inquisition Throughout the rest Throughout the rest

of Europe, the Pope of Europe, the Pope created the created the InquisitionInquisition, which , which was a Church court was a Church court set up during the set up during the Middle Ages to get rid Middle Ages to get rid of of ProtestantismProtestantism..

They used secret They used secret testimony, testimony, torturetorture, , and and executionexecution to get to get rid of Protestantism.rid of Protestantism.

Persecution Continues Persecution Continues Throughout EuropeThroughout Europe

Between 1450 and Between 1450 and 1750, thousands of 1750, thousands of women died as the women died as the result of result of witch witch huntshunts throughout throughout Europe.Europe.

These women were These women were accused of practicing accused of practicing magicalmagical deeds, deeds, sometimes with the sometimes with the help of the help of the devildevil..

Discrimination Against JewsDiscrimination Against Jews

Jews were Jews were pressuredpressured to convert to to convert to Christianity.Christianity.

Luther called for them to convert or Luther called for them to convert or leaveleave Christian lands. Christian lands.

Some Jews were forced to live in Some Jews were forced to live in ghettosghettos in many cities. in many cities.

These are separated parts of cities.These are separated parts of cities. Religious Religious tolerancetolerance was not common. was not common.