the properties of matter. chemistry: the science that investigates and explains the structure and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Properties Of MATTER
![Page 2: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CHEMISTRY:The science that investigates and explains
the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes
![Page 3: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What do we study in chemistry?
• Anything that is made of MATTERMATTER
• The PROPERTIESPROPERTIES of matter
• The The STRUCTURE of matter of matter
• TRANSFORMATIONSTRANSFORMATIONS of matter of matter
• ENERGY CHANGES ENERGY CHANGES that occur during that occur during transformationstransformations
• Suitable Suitable APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS in the use of in the use of matter and energy matter and energy
![Page 4: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Matter•Anything that takes up space
(volume) and has mass(grams)– Mass: Mass: The property of matter that The property of matter that
can be measured with a balancecan be measured with a balance– Volume: Volume: the amount of space the amount of space
occupied by an object : occupied by an object : – mL, Liters, L x W x H = mmL, Liters, L x W x H = m33
![Page 5: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mass• measures the amount of matter in an
object—measured in Grams (g)
• Not matter--heat, light, thoughts, ideas, radio waves, magnetic fields.
![Page 6: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Classify Matter by its Composition
QualitativeQualitative: made withoutwithout measurement
Example: Sucrose is composed of the elements Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen
QuantitativeQuantitative: Uses measurementmeasurement.
Example: 100g of Sucrose contains 42.1g C, 51.4g O, and 6.5g of H.
![Page 7: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MATTER:
• Stuff!!• Makes up the UNIVERSE• Has MASS and occupies Space• Examples: stars, air , gasoline, furniture, food,
organisms, PEOPLE• Great diversity of matter• All matter is composed of essentially the same
fundamental particles—ATOMSATOMS
![Page 8: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ATOMS:• Atoms, once THEORECTICAL, can now actually
be seen!• Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) allows
atoms to become visible• VERY different material looks extremely similar
under the microscope• Think of a beach—from a distance looks like sand
—up close one beach may be VERY different from another, just as one piece of matter can be very different from the next
![Page 9: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Atoms:
• tiny particles that compose matter
• fundamental units of elements
• All atoms are NOT alike
• There are about 100 different types of atoms
![Page 10: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Macroscopicand
Sub-Microscopic
Chemists study materials that are:
![Page 11: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Macroscopicmaterials appear similar, but are different atomically!!
Sugar
Sea Salt
RUBY
![Page 12: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Submicroscopic Materials appear to be different
• Bromine atoms
• Iodine
Sulfur
atoms
Silicon
atoms
![Page 13: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
By bringing the tip of an STM close to an adsorbed surface atom, the atom can be
dragged
along and positioned to build atomic
![Page 14: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How do we organize matter?
![Page 15: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PURE SUBSTANCEPURE SUBSTANCE:
• a kind of material that has the same makeup throughout• always the same composition, either a pure element or a
compound• Elements: GOLD, OXYGEN, • Compounds: WATER, SALT, SUGAR • are all only ONE kind of Material
![Page 17: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Substances
![Page 18: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
MIXTURESMIXTURESCombination of 2 or Combination of 2 or more substances in more substances in
which the basic which the basic identity of each identity of each
substance is NOT substance is NOT changedchanged
![Page 19: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of Mixtures:• Heterogeneous: not the same
throughout; contains regions of different properties
• Homogeneous: all the same throughout
![Page 20: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ALLOYS
• An alloy is a partial or complete solid solution of one or more elements in a metallic matrix.
• mixture of metals
• composition VARIES
![Page 22: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Color of Gold Alloy Composition
Yellow Gold (22K) Gold 91.67%Silver 5%Copper 2%Zinc 1.33%
Red Gold (18K) Gold 75%Copper 25%
Rose Gold (18K) Gold 75%Copper 22.25%Silver 2.75%
Pink Gold (18K) Gold 75%Copper 20%Silver 5%
White Gold (18K) Gold 75%Platinum or Palladium 25%
White Gold (18K) Gold 75%Palladium 10%Nickel 10%Zinc 5%
Gray-White Gold (18K) Gold 75%Iron 17%Copper 8%
Soft Green Gold (18K) Gold 75%Silver 25%
Light Green Gold (18K) Gold 75%Copper 23%Cadmium 2%
Green Gold (18K) Gold 75%Silver 20%Copper 5%
Deep Green Gold (18K) Gold 75%Silver 15%Copper 6%Cadmium 4%
Blue-White or Blue Gold (18K) Gold 75%Iron 25%
Purple Gold Gold 80%Aluminum 20
24k gold is 100% pure18k gold is 75% pure14k gold is 58.3% pure10k gold is 41.6% pure
![Page 23: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Solutions, Suspensions and Colloids
![Page 24: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Separating a mixture
• Distillation
• Filtration
![Page 25: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Physical Change• H2O(l) → H2O(g) Evaporation
• H2O (s) H2O(l) melting
• H2O (l) H2O(s) freezing• Here (l) stands for liquid, (s) for solid and the (g) stands
for gas. These are physical changes, the H2O molecule does not change.
![Page 26: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
4 STATES of MATTER
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
![Page 27: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
STATES of MATTER
![Page 28: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Properties of Matter
• Physical Properties:Characteristic of a substance that can change without the substance becoming something else
• Intensive: does not not depend on amount of substance (i.e. color)
• Extensive: depends on the amount of matter (i.e. mass)
![Page 29: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Intensive Properties :do not depend on the amount of matter
•Color •Odor •Luster - How shiny a substance is. •Malleability - ability to be beaten into thin sheets. •Ductility - ability to be drawn into thin wires. •Conductivity - allow the flow of energy or
electricity. •Hardness - How easily a substance can be
scratched. •Melting/Freezing Point - temperature at which
the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium
•Boiling Point - temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid
![Page 30: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Intensive Properties cont.
•Magnetic•Solubility – can dissolve in a liquid
•Viscosity- a fluid’s resistance to flow
•Elasticity— can stretch and return to shape
•Buoyancy
•Density = mass / volume D =
M/V
![Page 31: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Extensive Properties : : dodo depend on the amount of matter present. • Mass - A measurement of the amount of
matter in a object (grams). • Weight - A measurement of the
gravitational force of attraction of the earth acting on an object.
• Volume - A measurement of the amount of space a substance occupies.
• Length
![Page 32: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Density formulas
• m = v x D
•
![Page 33: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Density
• density: mass per unit volume of a substance.
![Page 34: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Density Problems
• Calculate the density of a 500 g rectangular block with the following dimensions: length=8 cm, width=6 cm, height=5 cm.
• (answer = 2.1 g/cm3)
![Page 35: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Density Problems
• An irregular object with a mass of 18 kg displaces 2.5 L of water when placed in a large overflow container. Calculate the density of the object.
answer = 7.2 kg/L or 7.2 g/mL or 7.2 g/cm3
![Page 36: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Chemical Properties
• A characteristic of a substance that allows it to change into a new substance or transform from one substance into another. – Flammability– Light sensitivity– Rusting– Corroding– Reacting with Acids, Bases or other chemicals– A change in temperature is produced– Toxicity
![Page 37: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Compounds: The composition of a compound is always the
same, 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combined
• Methane (CH4) molecules in a carbon nano-tube
• Water(H2O) molecule
![Page 38: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Organization of Matter
![Page 39: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Physical Change
• Any change of matter that does not change the type of atoms and molecules within the matter is called a physical change. Water boiling is an example of a physical change. When water boils it is changing from a liquid state to a gaseous state.
![Page 40: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SUBLIMATION of CO2( DRY ICE)
![Page 41: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Chemical Change
• Molecules, on the other hand, can split or combine together to make other types of molecules. The process where a molecule is transformed into a different molecule is called a chemical change.
![Page 42: The Properties Of MATTER. CHEMISTRY: The science that investigates and explains the structure and property of matter and the changes it undergoes](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/5697bff31a28abf838cbc3ff/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Chemical Changes