PLANNING OF PLANNING OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTSPROJECTS

““ In preparing for battle, I have always In preparing for battle, I have always found that plans are useless, but found that plans are useless, but planning is indispensable”planning is indispensable”

Dwight David EisenhowerDwight David Eisenhower

Introduction Construction is the art and science of building or

assembling of infrastructure involving multitasking from conception to completion.

Effect ive planning is essential, for the successful execution of a project. Those involved with the design and execution of the Structure/infrastructure must consider all the features of the job.

Stages of Construction ProjectsPre Award StagePost Award and Pre Execution StageExecution StageClosure Stage

Construction Stages

Pre Award

Post Award & Pre Execution

Closure

Execution

STAGE -1PRE- AWARD

““ Always plan ahead. It wasn't raining Always plan ahead. It wasn't raining when Noah built the ark. “when Noah built the ark. “

Richard Richard CushingCushing

The stage which involves understanding of the project and its scope for effective planning of process of execution to be followed for achieving the desired result in pre defined Time and Cost complying to the Quality.

Pre Award Stage

Project Details

The Project historyThe Project history

Client/Customer RequirementClient/Customer Requirement

The Project and its featuresThe Project and its features

Identifying requirements of projectIdentifying requirements of project

Identifying the Project ScopeIdentifying the Project Scope

Procedure of Works

Method of approachMethod of approach

Constraints/Risks involvedConstraints/Risks involved

AssumptionsAssumptions

Quality PlanQuality Plan

Project Quoting

Rate Analysis Rate Analysis

Rough schedule & budgetRough schedule & budget

Specific OutcomesSpecific Outcomes

“ “ It 's not the plan that's important, it 's It 's not the plan that's important, it 's the planning.”the planning.”

Dr. Gramme EdwardsDr. Gramme Edwards

STAGE -2 POST AWARD & PRE-

EXECUTION

Post Award and Pre Execution

The stage where in effective planning and execution process wil l be defined in order to achieve the project in compliance to its scope, Quality , Cost and Time. It is also called as the init iation phase of the project construction.

Process involved in Post Award & Pre Execution Stage

Project Details

WBS

Logistics Plan

Method Statement

Risk Analysis

Base Line Master

Schedule

Budgeting

Resources Procurement

Plan

Key Team & Administration

Doc

umen

ting

& R

epor

ting

Sys

tem

Legal Compliances

Potential Barriers for Project Initiation

Client IndecisionClient Indecision

In complete DetailsIn complete Details

Management Non CommitmentManagement Non Commitment

Project Team FrustrationProject Team Frustration

Estimating Time for Baseline Master Schedule

Develop a systematic approach to include these factors.

Difficult to estimate the length of time that an activity will take(Particularly true if it is a new activity)

Normal to underestimate the time need to complete the activity High priority activities must be carried before immediate activities Unexpected or unscheduled high priority work that is forgotten Accidents and/or emergencies Meetings Holidays and sickness Break downs in equipment Delays and Interruptions Rejections due to quality or quantity Etc. (If it can, it will and it will at the most inconvenient time.)

Rely on your experience

Estimates for Resource Planning

Work Items. (Activities)

Material Quantities. (Units of work)

Work Rate. (Man-hour Tables)

Standard Work Effort (Labor). (Quantity x Work Rate)

Efficiency Factor. (Represented as a Percentage)

Team Effort (Total Labor Hours). (Standard Effort / Efficiency)

Duration (Hours, Days, Weeks, or Months). (Team Effort / Crew Size)

Build Budget & Spending PlanBudgeting involves assigning the cost estimates to all the tasks creating a cost baseline.

Cost estimating: developing an estimate of the costs and resources needed to complete a project.

Cost budgeting: allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance

Jan Feb Mar June So onInternal Labor 5,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000External Labor 7,000 15,000 15,000HW/SW 3,000 20,000 20,000Contracts 9000 30,000Training 5,000 5,000 5,000

Total 10,000 10,000 15,000 50,000 80,000

Budget/Spending Plan

Procurement planning involves:Analysis of Deployable Resources (based on available & Required)

ManpowerMaterialMachinery

Identifying Main Sources of Resources Supply

Procurement planning determines:whether, what, and how much,how and when, how to manage solicitations, selection, contract

administration, and closeout

The Procurement Plan

Cos

tC

ost

Quality

Quality

ScheduleSchedule

Within Available

Resources

Project Risk(Known, Unknown & Unknowable)

Project Scope

What Is Risk? “Any threat to project success is called as Risk.”Project Risks Include Quality & Safety Cost Management Time Management (Schedule) Scope & change Management Procurement & Contracts People Management Information Management External InfluencesIf Risks are ignored the project will suffer from : Increased Costs Loss or Reduction in Profit Damage to Brand /Reputation In Worst Case Disposal of Business/Insolvency

Legal Compliances

Labor License

Registration of Establishment under Contract Labor Act & Building & Other Construction Welfare Act

Letter of Commencement of Business

CAR Policy

WC Policy

Public Liability Coverage

Productivity is never an accident, It is Productivity is never an accident, It is always the result of a commitment to always the result of a commitment to excellence, Intelligent Planning & Focused excellence, Intelligent Planning & Focused Effort -Paul. J . MeyerEffort -Paul. J . Meyer

Key Team & Administration

The Project Success mainly depends on the Key team involved

The key team are those who are the decision makers which will have a direct impact on the project progress & success

“So, the success lies not only in Identifying the Key team but also knowing their decision making ability and the authority given to do so. “

The Selection of Key Team depends on :

The Project Scope

The Client’s Requirement

Risks Involved

Productivity Required

Contd., Key Team Mainly Comprises :

At Site

Project Leader/In charge/Manager(For Execution)

Quality In charge

Planning In charge

Quantity Surveyor

Safety In charge

Off Site

Legal Advisor

Administrator & HR

Accountant

STAGE -3 EXECUTION

Plans are only good intentions unless Plans are only good intentions unless theythey

immediately degenerate into hard immediately degenerate into hard work. work.

- - Peter DruckerPeter Drucker

Planning and scheduling of activities (Monthly programming)

Sequencing Phases of work based on priorities (Pour Schedules)

Allotment of available resources based on the priorities defined

Preparation of Comparison Chart for available, allotted and required Resources on daily basis.

Preparing daily and weekly programs which consist of the following– Activities to be achieved on each day– Location of the planned activities (Grid Wise Location– Resources required for the planned activities-lead

time and quantity

Scheduling

““ Think ahead. Don't let day-to-day Think ahead. Don't let day-to-day operations operations

drive out planning.”   Donald drive out planning.”   Donald Rumsfeld Rumsfeld

Updating Status of work on daily basis (Daily Progress Report)

Progress of work updating in comparison with the schedule Prepared

Updating the Resources utilized, balance Available on daily basis.

Collecting and documenting the hindrances /constraints affecting the project.

Reporting all the above in a defined format to the concerned authorities.

Documenting changes in quantities and design thru maintaining change orders

Monitoring is a burden, but beneficial as It is the early warning systemDetecting a problem early gives you more flexibility to

manage the problem

Monitoring

Planning and Site Execution Team Involvement of Site Team in Planning starts during the

Execution stage. Understanding of Scheduling and Monitoring by the Site Team is required for smooth execution of the project. Brief about the same has been given below in concurrence with the responsibility of concerned site Personnel.

Assistant project manager: The time duration considered for the activities Revised/Recovery Schedules Schedule Variation & its Reasons Weekly Programme for the project as per the schedule Reviewing of Project Progress (Planned / Achieved) Resource Progress

Senior site engineer: Daily target based on the weekly programme Labor usage Material Usage Plant and machinery usage Daily progress report

Site engineer: Awareness of the targets required to achieve the

schedule Daily activity planning Daily progress(planned/achieved)reviewing

STAGE -4

Closure

““ The only real mistake is the one from The only real mistake is the one from which we learn nothing.”which we learn nothing.” John John PowellPowell

Closure

• In this phase, we will formally close your project and then report its overall level of success to your donor.

• Project Closure involves handing over the deliverables to your customer, passing the documentation to the business, cancelling supplier contracts, releasing staff and equipment, and informing stakeholders of the closure of the project.

• After the project has been closed, a Post Implementation Review is completed to determine the projects success and identify the lessons learned.

Identifying the project completion criteria Listing any outstanding activities or deliverables Planning the handover of project documentation Ceasing supplier contracts and agreements Releasing projects resources to the business Communicating the closure of the project Review Project Completion Measuring the benefits and objectives Deciding whether the project was within scope Assessing the final deliverables produced Reviewing the project against schedule Comparing the expenditure against budget Stating the final outcome of the project

Closure Report

Conclusion

Planning is avoided due to following

It takes time.You have to think.It involves paper work.You are bound to systematic procedures.You are committed to achieve a specific result

within a specified time period.

Corporate goals not understood lower down in the organization/company Plans encompass too much in too little time Poor financial estimates Plans based upon insufficient data Insufficient time allocated for project estimating No attempt made to systemize the planning process Planning was performed by a planning group No one knows the major milestone dates Project estimates are best guesses and are not based on any standards,

or history People not working towards the same specs Constant shuffle of personnel in and out of the project with little regard for

the schedule Failure to adequately identify, document and track requirements Inadequate communication, including progress tracking and reporting

Reasons Why Plans Fail

“ “ Setting a goal is not the main thing. Setting a goal is not the main thing. It is deciding how you will go about It is deciding how you will go about achieving it and staying with that achieving it and staying with that plan. “plan. “

Tom Tom LandryLandry