The Project for

Capacity Development in Basic Water Environment

Management and EIA System

in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar(Water Environment Management Component)

15 May 2018

Itaru OKUDA

JICA Expert Team

SUDP-2

Final Seminar

in

Yangon

KEY ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE

PROJECT AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Overall Framework of the Project

• Bilateral cooperation project between Myanmar and Japan

• Based on Record of Discussions (R/D) singed by then

MOECAF and JICA in December 2014

• June 2015 – May 2018 (3 years)

• Capacity development in two areas:

– Water environment management (industrial wastewater

management)

– Environmental Impact Assessment

• Implementing organizations:

– MONREC (ECD), MCDC and YCDC

• Project website

– http://myanmar-waterenvironment.com

Overall Goal, Project Purpose and Outputs

Overall

Goal

Impact of industrial effluents from industrial zones on river water quality is alleviated,

and advanced EIA approach for complicated issues are taken into account.

Project

Purpose

Capacity for developing basic water pollution control measures based on obtained

and interpreted information is enhanced and the institutional framework of the EIA

review works is established.

Outputs Output 1 Inspection procedure is standardized. Water

environment

management

Output 2 Capacity for implementing water quality survey to

obtain reliable information is enhanced.

Water

environment

management

Output 3 Database of water pollution sources and river water

quality is developed.

Water

environment

management

Output 4 Capacity of interpreting the information for water

pollution control measures is enhanced.

Water

environment

management

Output 5 Necessary technical manuals and forms for the EIA

review are developed.

EIA

Output 6 Capacity of MONREC and the EIA Report Review

Body on the EIA review is enhanced.

EIA

Organizational Structure

Pilot Areas in Yangon and Mandalay

These areas were selected to demonstrate how to study

impact of industrial wastewater from industrial zones on

river water qualities.

Hlaing River Basin Doke Hta Waddy River Basin

Key Achievements of the Project

• Key activities implemented:

– Development of inspection manual and workshops on wastewater

treatment technologies (Output 1)

– Monitoring of water qualities of Hlaing River in Yangon, Doke Hta

Waddy River in Mandalay, and their tributaries (Output 2)

– Investigation of pollution sources in Hlaing River basin and Doke

Hta Waddy River basin (Output 3)

– Elucidation of pollution mechanisms through interpretation of

gathered data and information (Output 4)

– Development of strategies/actions to improve water environment

(Output 4)

• Capacities of YCDC, MCDC, ECD and other relevant

organizations were enhanced through these activities.

Recommendations (1/2)

• Implement strategies/actions identified in the project to improve water

environment.

National

Level

2018-21 (Short-term)

2021-26 (Middle-term)

2026-41 (Long-term)

Yangon

Mandalay

Industrial Water Pollution Control

Water Environment Management

Strategy 2: Strengthening pollution control system

Strengthening Organizations

Strategy 1: Development of national pollution source inventory

Strategy 3: Development of surface water quality standards and national water quality monitoring network

Strategy 4: Promoting actions for water environment management

Strategy 5: Strengthening Organizations in response to decentralization

2018-21 (Short-term)

2021-23 (Middle-term)

2023-28 (Long-term)

Strategy 3: Development of water environment management plans and its implementation in priority areas

Strategy 2: Development of a mechanism for promoting water environment management by factories

Strategy 1: Water environment conservation for future water use of Doke HtaWaddy River

Strategy 2: Improvement of water quality of Taung Tha Man Lake to increase value of the lake for tourism, recreation, fisheries, etc.

Strategy 1: Installation of centralized wastewater treatment plants in industrial zones to prevent pollution to surrounding area

Recommendations (2/2)

• Clarify demarcation of responsibilities and regulations of different

organizations

– Clear roles of ECD, YCDC/MCDC, DISI, GAD, Region Government…

– Clear regulations

• Develop realistic environmental requirements for regulated communities

– Prioritize actions

– Learn from environmental leaders in each sector

– Development of centralized wastewater treatment facilities for IZs

• Induce behavior change in regulated communities

– Consider what would help regulated communities make their

decisions to improve environmental performance

• Involve stakeholders

– Work with industrial associations, local residents, NGOs, etc.

• Promote regional coordination

– Some measures are beyond capacities of environmental authorities

and require broader coordination

OUTPUT 1

Framework of Output 1 Activities

Output 1 - Inspection

Output: Inspection procedure is standardized.

Indicator: Inspections are implemented according to the inspection

manual by YCDC, MCDC and ECD.

Collect information

Evaluate procedures

Develop a manual

Implement trial inspection

Evaluate trial inspection procedure

2015.6 2017.2 2018.6Output 1：Inspection

Training on pollution control

Development of Inspection Manual

12

The manual outlines the general procedures of

“compliance inspection”.

It is based on inspection manuals in other countries.

Once requirements of ECC become clear, the

manual should be revised so that it will explain how

to inspect such requirements. Expected

requirements of ECC are:

a. general conditions

b. environmental performance conditions

c. environmental management conditions

d. monitoring, reporting, and compliance with

ECC conditions

e. project commitments

f. dispute resolution conditions

Environmental Inspection by ECD

83

72 3

Inspection by ECD Yangon in April 2016 - March 2017

1) Regular Inspection

2) Inspection to resolve complaints

3) Inspection according to instruction of Union Minister

4) Inspection according to instruction of Regional Government

46

16

18

108

Inspection by ECD Mandalayin April 2016 - March 2017

1) Regular Inspection

2) Inspection to resolve complaints

3) Inspection according to instruction of Union Minister

4) Inspection according to instruction of Regional Government

Training on Use of Inspection Manual

14

Date: 24th November 2017

Main Participants: YCDC

Focus: Use of Inspection Manual

Case Studies: Japan and Thilawa SEZ

(including site visit to factories in Thilawa SEZ)

Main Contents

Dissemination of Inspection Manual to

officers in township level

Lecture on system of industrial pollution

control in Japan (administrative

guidance/order, penalties)

Visit to Thilawa SEZ to learn good pollution

control practices in a food factory and a

garment factory (wastewater treatment

system, boiler, waste yard, prevention of oil

spill, storage of chemicals, etc.)

Training on Wastewater Treatment

Period: January 2017

Participants: ECD, YCDC, MCDC, IZMCs, others

Focus: Different options for wastewater treatment

M

P

M MMM

M

M

P

MM

M

P

M MMM

M

M

P

MM

Note: Unit fee was estimated based on hypothetical conditions based on Vietnamese experience.

Workshop on Centralized Wastewater

Treatment (1/2)

16

Date: 30th October 2017

Main Participants: YRG, ECD, YCDC, DISI,

Others

Focus: Establishment of centralized wastewater

treatment systems

Case studies presented:

Mandalay

Thilawa SEZ

Vietnam

Hlaing Thar Yar IZ (Zone 1 and Zones 1 –

4)

Opening Speech by Chief Minister of

Yangon Region

Possible Option for Hlaing Thar Yar IZ

Workshop on Centralized Wastewater

Treatment (2/2)

17

Main Conclusions

Centralized wastewater treatment (or similar joint treatment) is

an effective and efficient approach to control industrial

wastewater

The following issues have to be resolved

Responsible organization(s)

Estimating required capacity and other details

Financing and government subsidies

Cost recovery

Coordination with stakeholders

Securing available land

Other issues

SPC

Waste Water Treatment Plant

"Own""Operate"

Investors

Invest

BankLoan

EPC

Contractor

"Build"

EPC Contract

Service Contract

Industrial Park

Yangon RegionGovernment Government guarantees

waste water volume and quality and service fee payment.

SPC : Special Purpose Company

Treatment Fee Payments

Thank you very much for your attention!