the progressive era - st. francis preparatory school presidential... · all 4 progressive era...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
![Page 3: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
1. Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)
a. Childhood
i. Born into extreme wealth in New York City
ii. Started out weak & in poor health
1. Had severe asthma (not expected to live past age 5)
2. Would partially lose sight in boxing mishap
3. Father stressed physical fitness (built him a gym)
iii. Lifelong advocate of sports and mental activity
iv. Educated by tutors
v. Graduated from Harvard, which he entered at age 17
![Page 4: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Young Teddy
![Page 5: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
a. Personal Life
i. Father died while TR was at college (heartbroken)
ii. In 1884 his wife and his mother died on the same day
1. Baby daughter = Alice
iii. 1884-1886 (The Grieving Period)
1. Went to live in Dakota Badlands
2. Became a respected rancher & conservationist
iv. 1886- married childhood sweetheart (Edith) & had 5 more kids.
![Page 6: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Edith Roosevelt
![Page 7: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
c. Early Career i. Elected to the New York State Legislature at age 24
ii. Became a police commissioner in NYC
iii. Became Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1897
1. Quit in 1898 to fight in the Spanish-American War in Cuba
2. Famous for leading his “Rough Riders” up San Juan Hill
3. Due to this war, the US acquired Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico
iv. Became (R) Governor of New York in 1899
1. Attacked corruption and made many enemies
2. Made a name as a progressive reformer
![Page 8: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
d. Road to Presidency
i. 1900 – Chosen as McKinley’s V-P running mate
1. New York’s Conservative (R’s) supported his nomination
2. Felt safe w/TR in this “do-nothing” job. (Harmless)
i. 1901- McKinley was shot and killed; TR becomes president at age 42
![Page 9: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
McKinley & Roosevelt
![Page 10: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
McKinley Assassination
McKinley was shot twice
by Leon Czolgosz
Leon Czolgosz was an
anarchist
McKinley died 8 days
later
Teddy Roosevelt became
the next president
![Page 11: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
e. Presidential Style
i. Playful, fun, dramatic, loved the press and the public
ii. Expanded presidential power and controlled Congress
iii. “Big Government” is needed to regulate “Big Business”
![Page 12: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
f. The Square Deal: Program for helping the common man
i. Some said he was a “traitor to his own class”
ii. Settled Coal Strike of 1902
1. TR forced owners to negotiate with the union
2. TR threatened to use the army to run the mines
3. Workers made gains with government on their side (rare)
![Page 13: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
iii. Worked to break up monopolies & end special privilege
1. Nickname: “trust-buster”
2. Used Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up the
Northern Securities railroad monopoly (JP Morgan)
3. Started suits against Standard Oil and U.S. Steel
4. Signed Elkins Act ending railroad rebate practice
![Page 14: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Trust Buster”
![Page 15: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
iv. Social Legislation
1. Pushed passage of health laws (influenced by Upton Sinclair)
2. Ex: Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food & Drug Act
3. Conservation – set aside 240 million acres as protected public lands
![Page 16: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
7. Foreign Affairs
i. 1906- Won Nobel Peace Prize for mediating Russo- Japanese Peace
ii. Big Stick Diplomacy- “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
1. Keep peace through power & preparedness
2. Sent “Great White Fleet” on world tour as show of US strength
a. TR was a “Warrior without a war”
1. Created Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
2. Freed Panama from Colombia to secure land needed to build
the Panama Canal (TR’s “Big Ditch” opened in 1914)
![Page 17: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Big Stick Diplomacy
![Page 18: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Panama Canal
![Page 19: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Panama Canal
![Page 20: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Theodore Roosevelt
g. Life after Presidency
i. 1909- TR is replaced by close friend William H. Taft and travels the world
ii. TR was only 50 and not ready to quit politics
iii. 1912- Tried to run as Progressive “Bull Moose” candidate but fails
iv. 1914-1917- TR encourages US entry into WWI even offering to fight
v. 1919- TF died while preparing to run in 1920 election
![Page 22: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
William H. Taft
![Page 23: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
William H. Taft
2. William H. Taft (1857-1930)
a. Childhood & Early Life
i. Born into wealthy Ohio family
ii. Admired his father ---> lawyer, judge, Attorney General, Sec. of War
iii. Educated in law at Yale University
iv. Dream ---> to become Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court
![Page 24: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
William H. Taft
b. The Man
i. Physically large
ii. Honest, loyal, no vices
iii. Poor speaker, lacked tact, and procrastinated
![Page 25: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
William H. Taft
c. Road to Presidency
i. 1908- Hand picked by TR as successor
1. Doubted his own qualifications (driven by wife’s ambitions)
2. Supported at first; TR believed Taft would continue his reforms
ii. Taft would prove himself more conservative than TR or Wilson
![Page 26: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
William H. Taft
d. Successes as President (R) 1909-1913
i. Added more land to public parks & forests (not as much as TR)
ii. Broke up more than 90 monopolies, including Standard Oil in 1911
iii. Set up the Dept. of Labor & Bureau of Mines to protect workers
iv. Supported the passage of the 16th and 17th Amendments
v. Established the 8 hour day for government workers
![Page 27: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
William H. Taft
e. Caused Split Between Progressives & Conservative Republicans
i. Signed Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act ---> raised tariffs
1. Pleased big business
2. Angered progressives and especially farmers
i. Appointed a Secretary of the Interior who:
1. Favored industrial development of wilderness area
2. Was slow to preserve public lands
i. TR became his #1 critic
![Page 28: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Taft Was More
Conservative
![Page 29: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
William H. Taft
g. Election of 1912 (3-Way Race)
i. Progressive (R’S) supported TR & Conservative (R’s) supported Taft
1. Taft wins the (R) nomination
2. TR forms Progressive Bull Moose party (split weakens R party)
ii. (D) Woodrow Wilson is elected and TR is labeled “the spoiler”
h. 1921- named Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by President Harding
i. Served until 1930
ii. Considered it the “greatest honor” of his life
![Page 30: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Election of 1912
![Page 31: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson
![Page 33: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson
3. Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)
a. Childhood
i. Born in Virginia to a middle –class family
ii. Father was a minister who provided his son with a strict upbringing
iii. Family moved often (South)
![Page 34: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson
b. Early Career
i. Graduated from Princeton University in 1879
ii. Practiced law in Atlanta for one year
iii. Became professor of law & economics at Princeton
iv. 1902- Named president of Princeton University
v. 1910- Elected governor of New Jersey
![Page 35: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson
a. Presidency
i. Won 3-Way election of 1912
1. Carried 40 of 48 states, but just 40% of the vote (minority president)
2. Republicans would blame TR for Wilson’s victory
![Page 36: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Election of 1912
![Page 37: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson
ii. Successes came under his program called New Freedom
1. Underwood Simmons Act (1913) lowered import tariffs
2. Created the Federal Reserve System to stabilize banking
3. Keating-Owen Act curbed the use of child labor
4. Federal Farm Loan Act gave farmers low interest loans
5. Worked for passage of Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) which strengthened government’s ability to break up monopolies
iii. All 4 Progressive Era Amendments (16th, 17th, 18th, 19th) went into
effect while he was president
![Page 38: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson
iv. War broke out in Europe in 1914 (later called WWI)
1. Wilson called for US neutrality (He was a pacifist)
2. 1917- Entered war with reluctance, saying we must go to war to :
“make the world safe for democracy”
3. Focus would now be on foreign affairs
![Page 39: The Progressive Era - St. Francis Preparatory School presidential... · All 4 Progressive Era Amendments th(16th, 17th, 18 , 19th) went into effect while he was president . Woodrow](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020305/5c15058209d3f29c7a8c8266/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Woodrow Wilson
d. To Be Continued…
i. We will talk more about Wilson in the next two units:
1. World War I
2. The 1920s