The Progressive Era

1901-1918The Progressive EraWho were the Progressives?Generally middle-class residents of US cities representing a diversity of interestsWomens suffrage, prohibition, social welfare, voting reforms, labor, political machines, municipal reform, trust-busting, railroad regulation, consumer protection, conservation, civil rights

Why Now?What is the population like? Demographics? Population density?Who is president?What is happening with industry? With business?

Growing immigrant population in crowded cities. TR is young new president but industry and business are booming.3

4Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives

Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives

What do you see? Do you think this really happened? 5How the other half lives

Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives

Muckrakingthe New Yellow Journalism?Yellow JournalismMuckraking

What did each do? Change public opinion, fascinate/horrify the public, expose new issues. Talk with a partner. How do you keep writing more and more?8Make your own campaignConsider the intent behind yellow journalism and muckraking, how do you see it in play today?Take out a sheet of paper and create your own example.Use a catchy or sensationalized title to draw the viewer inThink about what your intent is in the adExamples will be hung up around the classPolitical ReformsAustralian (secret) BallotDirect primariesSocial welfare

Direct election of US SenatorsInitiative, referendum, recall

Roosevelts Square DealPresidents usually took side of business during labor conflicts, Roosevelt sought a square deal for business and laborAnthracite coal strike- 1902Called union leaders and mine owner to white HouseOwners refused to compromise, so Roosevelt threatened to take the mine over.10% wage increase, 9 hour workday, no union recognition

Roosevelts Trust-BustingEnforced Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890Northern Securities Company40 other large, bad trusts

a landmark federal statute onUnited Statescompetition lawpassed by Congress in 1890. It prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursuetrusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation. It was the first federal statute to limitcartelsandmonopolies, and today still forms the basis for mostantitrustlitigation by the United States federal government. However, for the most part, politicians were unwilling to refer to the law until Theodore Roosevelt's presidency (19011909).12Upton Sinclair- The Jungle

Consumer Protection-1906Pure Food and Drug Act- prevented food and drugs from being inferior or misleadingly labeledMeat Inspection Act- allowed federal inspectors to ensure sanitation standardsDo you think its right for the government to determine what is good and what is bad?14Conservation

Desire to use the land wisely. 15Election of 1908Republican Candidate- William Howard TaftDemocratic Candidate- William Jennings Bryanagain

Sorry WJBTaft the SuccessorBrought 90 suits against trust vs. Roosevelts 44Standard Oil CompanyU.S. Steel- Roosevelt took it personallyMann-Elkins Act (1910)- ICC can suspend railroad rates, and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies16th Amendment (1913)- US govt. can collect an income taxTrouble in Progressive-isePayne-Adrich TariffPinchot-Ballinger ControversyHouse Speaker Joe CannonMidterm Elections of 1910Tariffs-promised lower tariffs, this bill had very few reductionsSec. of Interior Richard Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development, chief of Agriculture Departments Division of Forestry Gifford Pinchot criticized Ballinger and was fired.Cannon had too much power as Speaker of the House, Taft did nothing to stop it18Exit TicketWhy did the Progressive Era begin in 1901?The Bull-MooseMy hat is in the ring!The fight is on and I am stripped to the buff!Conservative Republicans block Rooseveltites in the nominating conventionTR gets nominated at a Progressive Republican Convention

Election of 1912

William Howard TaftRepublicanTheodore RooseveltBull-Moose PartyWoodrow WilsonDemocrat

Roosevelts New NationalismGreater government regulation of businesses and unionsWomens suffrageSocial welfare programsWilsons New FreedomLimit big business and big governmentEnd corruptionSupport small businessFree functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized marketsResultsWilson-435 electoral votes, 41%Roosevelt-88 electoral votes, 27%Taft-8 electoral votes, 23%Debs- None, 6%Wilsonian ProgressivismDynamic chief executive roleAgainst triple wall of privilege- tariffs, banking, trustsUnderwood Tariff-significantly lowered tariffs, paid for by graduated income tax rateWilsonian ProgressivismClayton Antitrust Act- strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act, exempts unions from being prosecuted as trustsFederal Trade Commission- power to take action against any unfair trade practiceFederal Farm Loan Act- established 12 regional federal farm loan banksChild Labor Act- prohibits shipment of products manufactured by children under 14Progressive Roulette!TemperanceWomens SuffrageSocialismCivil RightsLaborSocial Welfare