the programme for education in prisons developing training programmes for qualified teachers to...
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The Programme for Education in PrisonThe Programme for Education in Prisonss
Developing Training Programmes for Qualified Teachers to Teach in Prisons
113991-CP-1-2004-1-MT-GRUNDTVIG-G11
ASSERTIVENESS ASSERTIVENESS
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Assertivity is well-balanced self-enforcement
To manage such behaviour human must have well-balanced and adequate self-confidence
Self-confidence is evaluation of own capabilities, skills and competence.
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When it is suitable act assertively when someone wants to manipulate us into a situation or role we do not agree with when our demands are competent when we want to find solution advantageous for both sides when we definitely know what we want and do not want
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Positives of ASSERTIVENESS
develops well-balanced self-confidence supports self-respect supports decisiveness improves inter-personal relations
prevents conflicts
is not manipulative
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Negatives of ASSERTIVENESS
can look like arrogance can harm self-confidence of other persons can look like manipulation can be understood like manifestation of disrespect is not suitable in every situation
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Assertively acting human knows to say what he/she thinks of, wishes, how to realize the best solution of a problem knows both to speak and listen respects partner as intelligent human being that can have good ideas, maybe better him-/herself has positive attitude to compromise and to change of own opinion
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Assertively acting human
respects both him-/herself and the others and therefore does not allow to be manipulated
knows to speak still, without tension of feeling of guilt is relaxed and knows how to create peaceful and friendly environment is not narrow-minded for him/her success means success and failure means failure
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Presumption of theory of ASSERTIVENESS :
Human has three basic possibilities how to manage problem situations:
to act passively
to act aggressively
to act assertively
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Assertive rights
You have the right to judge your own behaviour, ideas and emotions and to responsible for their consequences.
You have the right not to excuse your behaviour.
You have the right to decide whether and to what extent you are responsible for solving problems of the other people. You have the right to change your mind.
You have the right to fail and to be responsible for this.
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Assertive rights
You have the right to say: „I do not know„.
You have the right to make also illogical decision.
You have the right to be independent on good will of the others.
You have the right to say „I do not understand you".
You have the right to say „I do not care".
You have the right to decide whether will be assertive or not.
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Techniques of ASSERTIVENESS
response through feedback
assertive NO
„broken desk" demand for kindness
consent /„open door"/
negative questioning
negative assertivity
assertive obligation
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Signs of nonverbal communication
PASSIVITY - voice
sometimes uncertain
usually monotonous
yielding
often boring
sometimes melodious
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Signs of nonverbal communication
AGGRESSIVITY – voice
very firm, sarcastic,
victorious tone, calm, strict,
vigorous laconic
ascending at the endoften shriek
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Signs of nonverbal communication
ASSERTIVENESS - voice
still and settled
middle tone
kind, friendly
middle intensity
clear
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Signs of nonverbal communication
PASSIVITY – way of speaking
hesitating, frequent pauses frequent changes of rhythm slightly coughing
occasional stutter
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Signs of nonverbal communication
AGGRESSIVENESS – way of speaking
fluent
sometimes pause
quick tempo
sometimes laconic
very often stringent
excessive stress on certain words
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Signs of nonverbal communication
ASSERTIVENESS – way of speaking
fluent
still
no hesitation
regular tempo
stress on key words
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Signs of nonverbal communication
PASSIVITY – face
stiff smile
frequent changes
lifted eyebrow
waiting for rebuke
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Signs of nonverbal communication
AGGRESSIVENESS – face
sour smile
often gloomy
face-play
teeth set
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Signs of nonverbal communication
ASSERTIVENESS – face
corresponds with emotions
smile while delighted
frown while displeased
generally still
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Signs of nonverbal communication
PASSIVITY – eye view
evasive
not face to face
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Signs of nonverbal communication
AGGRESSIVENESS – eye view
fixed
effort to perplex
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Signs of nonverbal communication
ASSERTIVENESS – eye view
still
consistent
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Signs of nonverbal communication
PASSIVITY – gestures
huddled
recedes
frequent auto-touches
hides mouth
nervous movements (scuffs, clamp, twisting, etc.)
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Signs of nonverbal communication
AGGRESSIVENESS – gestures
pointing
tapping on table
forward bend
noisy
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Signs of nonverbal communication
ASSERTIVENESS – gestures
free
relaxed sitting
head upright
corresponding with emotions
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Verbal signs of behaviour
AGGRESSIVENESS
• prevailing statements like „I“, „my“
• opinion proposed as facts
• threatening questions
• demands in form of directions and threats
• frequent argumentation through suppositions
• sarcasm and irony
• accusations
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Verbal signs of behaviour
PASSIVITY
• long, discontinuous, often egocentric statements
• supplemental words „perhaps“
• Excuses
• begging for permission to speak
• very few sentences singular (starting with „I“ or „we“)
• sentences minimizing own needs
• „degrades“ him-/herself through statements like „I am terrible“
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Verbal signs of behaviour
ASSERTIVENESS
• brief, clear, factual statements
• statements in singular like „I would like“
• differentiation of opinions and facts
• proposals are not suggestions
• no statements like: „you should“
• constructive criticism without accusations and suppositions
• effort to discover opinion and wishes of the other party
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Web links
http://tbsd-eq.wz.cz/asertivita/index.php; www.asertivita.czhttp://holy.cz/kontext/asertivita.htmhttp://holy.cz/kontext/asertivita.htmhttp://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Asertivitahttp://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asertivitahttp://www.ivvs.cz/index.php?head=straz&page=specialkurzy
English web pages:
http://www.mentalhelp.net/http://www.couns.uiuc.edu/Brochures/assertiv.htm
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LiteratureLiterature Recommended literature: Capponi,V.;Novák,T.: Asertivně do života. Praha: Grada
Publishing, 1994 O´Brienová,P.: Pozitivní řízení. Asertivita pro managery. Praha,
Management Press, 1996 Křivohlavý,J.: Tajemství úspěšného jednání. Praha, Grada
publishing, 1995 Berne, E.: Jak si lidí hrají. Praha, Svoboda 1970
Capponi, V., Novák. T.: Jak se prosadit - asertivně do života. Praha, Svoboda 1992Gruber, D.: Zlatá kniha komunikace. Ostrava, Repronis 2005Hermochová, S.: Sociálně psychologický výcvik, Praha, SPN 1995Honzák, R., Novotná, V.: Jak se dobře cítit mezi lidmi. Praha, Grada 1999Kolman, L., Špalíková, M.: Vést a být veden. Praha, TES 1985Křivohlavý, J.: Jak si navzájem lépe porozumíme. Praha, Svoboda 1988Mezihorský, Š.: Asertivita. Brno, Elfa 1991Vojáček, K.: Autogenní trénink. Praha, Avicenum 1988
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LiteratureLiteratureLiterature in Slovak language:Honzák, R., Novotná, V.: Jako sa dobře cítiť medzi luďmi. Bratislava, SPN 1988Svobodová, M.: K niektorým otázkam tréninku asertivity. In: Metody aktivního sociálního učení. Brno 1985
Literature in English language:Cavood, D.: Assertiveness for Managers. Learning Effective for Managing People. Seattle, Self Counsel Press, Inc. 1983Cotller, S. B., Guerra, J. J.: Assertion Training, Champsing, III. Research Press 1980. New York, Pergamon Press 1987Fensterheim, H., Bear, J.: Don’t say yes, when you want to say no. London, A Future Bock 1976
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Model situation
Through personal experience can be tested: how complicated can be communicate effectively in certain situation,
how to endure waiting (breaks in work),
to what extent we are able to manage aggressiveness (self-control),
to what extent we are able to respond surprise (creativity),
to what extent we are able to apply assertive approach while solving a problem
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Model situation
Meaning of the training To realize that there are situations unsolvable neither through passive nor aggressive acting.
Assertive behaviour provides wider space to manoeuvre and to apply effective communication.
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Try to express your opinion whether assertivity is suitable when role teacher-pupil (prisoner) is strictly
specified.
Try to describe whether you felt anger and aggressiveness. How did you evaluate teacher as format authority during assumed inadequate conflict behaviour?
Discussion
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It is possible to watch manifestations of participant from the point of view of both verbal and nonverbal communicationDemonstration of passivity, aggressiveness, ASSERTIVENESS
During projection participants and observers can compare feelings and experience with recorded reality
Video recording
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Summary
Goal of this educational module:
To provide knowledge, skills and habits while applying assertive approach at work group of prisoners