The presentation OutlineThe presentation Outline

Quick history of PDAQuick history of PDA

The Operating Systems used by the PDAThe Operating Systems used by the PDA

The hardware of the PDAThe hardware of the PDA

The Future of the PDA The Future of the PDA

The PastThe Past The FutureThe Future

A Quick History of PDA’sA Quick History of PDA’s

What is a What is a PDAPDA?? PDAPDA stands for stands for Personal DigitalPersonal Digital AssistanceAssistance Even though many handheld devices Even though many handheld devices have been introduced since the 80’s, they have been introduced since the 80’s, they are not defined as PDA’s.are not defined as PDA’s. PDAs were first introduced by Psion in PDAs were first introduced by Psion in 1984, 1984, it was called theit was called the Psion 1 Psion 1 Apple introduced the Apple introduced the Newton MessageNewton Message Pad in Pad in 19931993 Palm PilotPalm Pilot was introduced in was introduced in 19961996 by by U.S. Robotic and 3Com with functioning of U.S. Robotic and 3Com with functioning of Stylus pen.Stylus pen.

How do they look like?How do they look like?- Palm Pilot (1996)- Palm Pilot (1996)- Apple Newton (1993)- Apple Newton (1993)

CPU: ARM 610, 20Mhz

Ram: 640 KB

Rom: 4MB

OS: Newton 1.0

Display LCD (3360x204 pixels)

CPU: HD6301X, .92Mhz

Ram: 2KB, (16K external)

Rom: 4KB

Software: Basic

Display: LCD 16-characters

CPU: Motorola 68328, 16Mhz

Ram: 128MB Rom: 4MB

OS: Palm OS 1.0

Display: LCD( 160x160 pixels)

(Early PDA)(Early PDA) (First PDA) (First PDA) (The PDA)(The PDA)

- Psion1 (1984)

How are PDAs used?How are PDAs used?

basic functionsbasic functions Designed to work as a Designed to work as a

companion to the PC.companion to the PC. date bookdate book address bookaddress book to do liststo do lists short notesshort notes calculatorcalculator MailMail

How are PDAs used? How are PDAs used? (continue…)(continue…)

advanced functionsadvanced functions synchronizing data with desktopsynchronizing data with desktop

contacts, schedules and taskscontacts, schedules and tasks content accesscontent access

sync updated content from websync updated content from web

real time via wirelessreal time via wireless

databases, books, journals, etc.databases, books, journals, etc.

Palm OS Palm OS VarietiesVarieties

PDAs run on several different operating systems . PDAs run on several different operating systems . The two most common are The two most common are Palm OSPalm OS and and PocketPC PocketPC ((Windows-CE)Windows-CE). Most applications have been written . Most applications have been written for the for the Palm OSPalm OS, but the , but the PocketPCPocketPC is catching up. is catching up. Other operating systems include Other operating systems include EPOCEPOC,, BlackBerryBlackBerry, , PsionPsion, and , and PocketLinuxPocketLinux. .

The Palm Operating SystemThe Palm Operating System

In 1996In 1996, a product called the , a product called the PalmPilotPalmPilot was released by US was released by US Robotics. The Palm Pilot ran on an operating system made Robotics. The Palm Pilot ran on an operating system made especially for that device, called the especially for that device, called the Palm OSPalm OS. .

The Palm Operating System (The Palm Operating System (Palm OSPalm OS) is the current leader ) is the current leader in the PDA market, accounting for 70% of the market share. in the PDA market, accounting for 70% of the market share. The Palm Pilot (now known as just Palm), became one of The Palm Pilot (now known as just Palm), became one of the fastest growing computer platforms in history, reaching the fastest growing computer platforms in history, reaching the million-sold mark faster than the IBM PC or Apple the million-sold mark faster than the IBM PC or Apple Macintosh. Macintosh.

Today, the Palm line has grown to include a variety of Today, the Palm line has grown to include a variety of models. In addition, a number of other companies such as models. In addition, a number of other companies such as IBM, Qualcomm, and Symbol Technologies released their IBM, Qualcomm, and Symbol Technologies released their own own Palm OSPalm OS PDA models, with Sony's version hitting the PDA models, with Sony's version hitting the market later this year. market later this year.

The Windows CE Operating SystemThe Windows CE Operating System

Although the Although the Windows CEWindows CE Operating System is the leader among home Operating System is the leader among home PCs, it holds only about 10% of the PDA market. PCs, it holds only about 10% of the PDA market.

The latest version of The latest version of Windows CE Windows CE is coming back with a vengeance. They is coming back with a vengeance. They have partnerships with some key companies in the industry like, Casio, HP, have partnerships with some key companies in the industry like, Casio, HP, and Compaq, who all manufacturer and Compaq, who all manufacturer PocketPCPocketPC devices. devices.

But perhaps Microsoft's biggest ace in the hole is the coming onset of But perhaps Microsoft's biggest ace in the hole is the coming onset of broadband wireless. broadband wireless.

Needless to say, compatibility is going to be a major issue in the coming Needless to say, compatibility is going to be a major issue in the coming years. And with the world already utilizing a number of Microsoft products, years. And with the world already utilizing a number of Microsoft products, PocketPCsPocketPCs might just slide into favor simply due to ease of portability. might just slide into favor simply due to ease of portability.

The EPOC Operating SystemThe EPOC Operating System

The third major player is The third major player is EPOCEPOC, an operating system developed by , an operating system developed by London-based software developer London-based software developer SymbianSymbian. EPOC has three . EPOC has three device designs: one for device designs: one for mobile phonesmobile phones, one for , one for PDAsPDAs, and one for , and one for home PCshome PCs. .

EPOCEPOC does have some major advantages. It is an extremely does have some major advantages. It is an extremely power-efficient operating system -- other operating systems power-efficient operating system -- other operating systems require double to triple the size of a battery. Also, require double to triple the size of a battery. Also, EPOCEPOC has a has a small memory footprint and compact code, which allows for easier small memory footprint and compact code, which allows for easier customization. This potential for customization is a huge customization. This potential for customization is a huge advantage over Windows CE. advantage over Windows CE.

Recently, Recently, SymbianSymbian announced a deal with Sony whereby the announced a deal with Sony whereby the Japanese giant will use the EPOC platform and possibly a range of Japanese giant will use the EPOC platform and possibly a range of applications in its forthcoming line of devices, such as mobile applications in its forthcoming line of devices, such as mobile phones. This is in addition to deals already existing with phones. This is in addition to deals already existing with companies such as Ericsson, Motorola, and Psion. companies such as Ericsson, Motorola, and Psion.

With a good, flexible product and a support from key companies, With a good, flexible product and a support from key companies, EPOC has a lot of potential to make it in mobile market. EPOC has a lot of potential to make it in mobile market.

PDA PDA HARDWAREHARDWARE

Regardless of the type of PDA, they all share the same major features: Regardless of the type of PDA, they all share the same major features: Microprocessors (Main CPU and DPS)Microprocessors (Main CPU and DPS)operating systemoperating systemsolid-state memorysolid-state memorybatteriesbatteriesLCD displayLCD displayinput device - buttons in combination input device - buttons in combination with touch-screen or keyboardwith touch-screen or keyboardinput/output ports input/output ports desktop PC software desktop PC software

MICROPROCESSORSMICROPROCESSORSUnlike desk and laptop PCs, PDAs use smaller, cheaper Unlike desk and laptop PCs, PDAs use smaller, cheaper microprocessors.microprocessors.There are two popular PocketPC processor types, Xscale and There are two popular PocketPC processor types, Xscale and StrongARM. Xscale is the current technologyStrongARM. Xscale is the current technologyMost Palms will either have a Motorola Dragonball or Texas Most Palms will either have a Motorola Dragonball or Texas Instruments OMAP processor in it.Instruments OMAP processor in it.Modern PDAs also have Modern PDAs also have DSP DSP to enhance multimedia (mp3,digital to enhance multimedia (mp3,digital camera etc..) camera etc..)

Although the microprocessor’s speed ranges from 100-200 MHz Although the microprocessor’s speed ranges from 100-200 MHz they are adequate for the tasks that PDAs perform. The benefits of they are adequate for the tasks that PDAs perform. The benefits of small size and price outweigh the cost of slow speeds.small size and price outweigh the cost of slow speeds.

MEMORYMEMORYPDAs don’t have a hard drive. Programs (address, PDAs don’t have a hard drive. Programs (address, calendar, OS, etc) are stored in a ROM chip so data calendar, OS, etc) are stored in a ROM chip so data remains intact even when the machine shuts down. remains intact even when the machine shuts down. So when the PDAs are turned ON, all programs are So when the PDAs are turned ON, all programs are instantly available without having to wait for applications instantly available without having to wait for applications to load.to load.When a file is changed, they’re stored automatically so When a file is changed, they’re stored automatically so you don’t need a Save command. you don’t need a Save command. One megabyte of memory can store up to 4,000 One megabyte of memory can store up to 4,000 addresses and 100 e-mail messages.addresses and 100 e-mail messages.Also, PocketPCs take more memory space so PDAs with Also, PocketPCs take more memory space so PDAs with this operating system usually have 16 or 32 MB. In some this operating system usually have 16 or 32 MB. In some PDA models, the amount of memory is upgradeable.PDA models, the amount of memory is upgradeable.

Input DevicesInput DevicesHand-held computers typically use a miniature keyboard in Hand-held computers typically use a miniature keyboard in combination with a touch screen. combination with a touch screen.

Palm-sized computers use a Palm-sized computers use a stylusstylus and and touch screentouch screen exclusively exclusively in combination with a handwriting recognition program. in combination with a handwriting recognition program.

The screen of the palm PDA serves as an input as well as an output The screen of the palm PDA serves as an input as well as an output device. It displays information with LCD and on top of it is the touch device. It displays information with LCD and on top of it is the touch screen which can be tapped by a pen-like stylus to launch screen which can be tapped by a pen-like stylus to launch programs.programs.

Data can also be written on the screen by using the stylus. The Data can also be written on the screen by using the stylus. The letters are recognized by special software and are automatically letters are recognized by special software and are automatically stored in the PDAs memory.stored in the PDAs memory.

The disadvantage of handwriting recognition software is that you The disadvantage of handwriting recognition software is that you have to learn a new way to write, it is slower than normal have to learn a new way to write, it is slower than normal handwriting and the device's character recognition is rarely letter-handwriting and the device's character recognition is rarely letter-perfect. perfect.

Input/Output DevicesInput/Output Devices

PDAs can share information with desktops and laptops. If you make PDAs can share information with desktops and laptops. If you make an appointment on your desktop computer you can transfer it to an appointment on your desktop computer you can transfer it to your PDA and vice-versa. your PDA and vice-versa. The communication between PDA and PC is referred to as The communication between PDA and PC is referred to as data data synchronizationsynchronization or or syncingsyncing. This is done through a serial or USB . This is done through a serial or USB port on the PDA.port on the PDA.In addition to communicating through a cable, many PDAs have an In addition to communicating through a cable, many PDAs have an infrared communications port that uses infrared (IR) light to beam infrared communications port that uses infrared (IR) light to beam information to a PC or another PDA.information to a PC or another PDA.Some PDAs also offer wireless methods to transfer data to and from Some PDAs also offer wireless methods to transfer data to and from a PC/PC network through a wireless e-mail/internet service provider a PC/PC network through a wireless e-mail/internet service provider like those available on new models of cell phones.like those available on new models of cell phones.Finally, some PDAs offer telephone modem accessories to transfer Finally, some PDAs offer telephone modem accessories to transfer files to and from a PC/PC network. files to and from a PC/PC network.

Generic PDAGeneric PDA

Dual core processors Dual core processors - TI-Enhanced ARM925 Microprocessor- TMS320c55x DSP for Multimedia Enhancement

Wanda PDA

Tasks performed by each Tasks performed by each microprocessorsmicroprocessors

DSP/BIOS Bridge APIDSP/BIOS Bridge APIThe OS uses the DSP/BIOS Bridge API to:The OS uses the DSP/BIOS Bridge API to:

Initiate signal processing task on the DSPInitiate signal processing task on the DSP Exchange messages with DSP tasksExchange messages with DSP tasks Stream data buffers to and from DSP tasksStream data buffers to and from DSP tasks Pause, resume and delete DSP tasksPause, resume and delete DSP tasks Perform resources status queriesPerform resources status queries

PDA ApplicationsPDA ApplicationsPDA technology has been focused on providing basic PDA technology has been focused on providing basic administrative functionality, such as diary facilities and contact administrative functionality, such as diary facilities and contact management.management.The increase in PDA performance and the convergence with The increase in PDA performance and the convergence with mobile telephony, has encouraged the extension of traditional mobile telephony, has encouraged the extension of traditional desktop applications such as email and web access becoming desktop applications such as email and web access becoming readily available.readily available.Wireless technology such as Bluetooth and WiFi (802.11x Wireless technology such as Bluetooth and WiFi (802.11x standards) can provide easy ways for PDA based applications standards) can provide easy ways for PDA based applications to communicate to other devices. This instantly opens a PDA to communicate to other devices. This instantly opens a PDA application to communicate with other systems –in the application to communicate with other systems –in the immediate vicinity (using Bluetooth) or elsewhere within a immediate vicinity (using Bluetooth) or elsewhere within a building (using WiFi technology).building (using WiFi technology).Mobile telephone technology is fast converging with PDA Mobile telephone technology is fast converging with PDA technology and this technology can provide direct access of the technology and this technology can provide direct access of the PDA device to the internet and internet connected applications.PDA device to the internet and internet connected applications.

Why PDA?Why PDA?We are beginning to see a future where the lines We are beginning to see a future where the lines between the PDA and the laptop are between the PDA and the laptop are increasingly blurred. First it was PDAs with increasingly blurred. First it was PDAs with laptop-like capability, and now it is laptops laptop-like capability, and now it is laptops gaining the advantages of PDAs. gaining the advantages of PDAs. Advantages of this low-powered PDA mode: Advantages of this low-powered PDA mode: virus checking and maintenance. Since the OS virus checking and maintenance. Since the OS doesn't boot, any viruses designed for it won't doesn't boot, any viruses designed for it won't run. That lets you scan and remove them before run. That lets you scan and remove them before they do damage. they do damage. Booting up a laptop to check your calendar or e-Booting up a laptop to check your calendar or e-mail can take a minute or longer. Not only is that mail can take a minute or longer. Not only is that often dead time, but you may actually be holding often dead time, but you may actually be holding up a customer or your boss while you're up a customer or your boss while you're struggling to get the laptop running. struggling to get the laptop running.