The Power of the ChurchChapter 13 Section 5

Key Terms Piety Pontificate Pope Gregory VII Henry VI

Religion in the Middle Ages Became powerful

during Middle Ages Religion touched

every aspect Baptism Marriage death

Marked by religious ceremonies

Religion in the Middle Ages Monks were

peacemakers Prayed for rulers

and armies Helped to settle

disputes Church officials

were teachers and record keepers

Religion in the Middle Ages 1000 influence

increased dramatically

Piety-a persons level of religious devotion

Participation in religion increased

The Far Reaching Authority of The Church God created two

swords One for religion The other political

Pope should bow to emperor (political)

Emperor bow to pope (religious)

Church and rulers competed for power

Structure of the Church Power based on status

The pope in Rome headed the church

All clergy under the pope

Clergy- included bishops and priests

Bishops supervised priests

Bishops settled disputes over Church teachings

Local priest is the main contact

Religion as a Unifying Force Feudalism separated

people Shared beliefs brought

them together Church stable force

during warfare Provided Christians

with a sense of security

Religion was center stage

Growth of Papal Power 1049 Leo IX

thought clergy was corrupt

Simony- buying and selling of church offices

Replaced bishops guilty of this

Growth of Papal Power Bishops

excommunicated No greater

punishment during the Middle Ages Could not take part

in the Eucharist Could not be saved

Growth of Papal Power Leo’s reform

brought him into conflict

Bishops thought that the pope could not tell them what to do

Pontificate-papal term in office

Growth of Papal Power Leo

excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople

Church was split Roman Catholics Orthodox

Religion as a Unifying Force Baptism- became

part of the Christian Community

Village church unifying force

Religious and social center

People worshipped together

Holidays festive occasions

The Law of the Church Churches authority

spiritual and political Created a code of

justice All kings, peasants

subject to canon law Church law-

marriages and religious practices

The Law of the Church Two of the harshest

punishments were Excommunication Interdiction

Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures

The Law of the Church King quarrels with a

Pope the king would be denied salvation

Also freed all of his vassals from their duty

Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land

The Law of the Church People believe

without the sacraments they are doomed

During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Lay investiture-

ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials

Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power

Church reformers felt the king should not have this power

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope 1075 Pope Gregory

banned lay investitures

Henry IV called a meeting of the bishops he appointed

Emperor ordered Gregory to step down

Gregory excommunicated Henry

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope German bishops

sided with the Pope To save his throne

Henry begged forgiveness

1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa

Gregory was a guest there

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Stood in bare feet

in the snow Pope was obliged

to forgive him Henry spent three

days in the snow

Changes in Monasticism Monasteries

founded all over Europe

New Monastery in Cluny

Chose their own abbot to avoid corruption

Changes in Monasticism Cluny most

influential monastery in Europe

Some monks lived under even stricter rules

Changes in Monasticism Cistercian- broad

estates built outside of town

Ensured isolation Undecorated Unheated Prayer and labor Other groups would

even be stricter