the power of open bim in the face of tight...

The power of OPEN BIM in the face of tight deadlines

Urban plan for Taichung City in Taiwan

In 2010, Taiwan approved a new urban plan for Taichung City. Part of this plan included a new landmark in the form of a building tower. Designers from all over the world entered the Taiwan Tower International Design Com-petition in the hopes of winning the commission. The design team of architect Douglas Muir, RA, BArch, NCARB and structural engineer Mark Flamer, PE decided to take part in this competition even though they were up against a tight deadline and larger competitors.

Taiwan Tower designed by Douglas Muir, RA, BArch, NCARB and Mark Flamer, PE Section view from ArchiCAD

Architect: Douglas Muir | Structural Engineer: Mark Flamer


general view

Mega project with a tight deadline

The guidelines included a construction budget of US$220 million The structure was to include a city museum at the ground level, an observation deck, a restaurant, and an environmental monitoring station at the top level. It was required that the structure be the tallest in central Taiwan; therefore, the minimum height requirement was 300m (984 feet). This included designing for typhoon level winds of +499.2kg/m2, -748.8 kg/m2 at the top of the tower. The deadline for this submission was just four weeks, and neither of the team members could dedicate full-time to the project.

DOUGLAS MUIR ARCHITECT212 203 1156 [email protected]

TAIWAN TOWER INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONSTRUCTURAL COORDINATION DRAWINGS AUG. 16 2011

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1920

EGRESS STAIR TYPICAL

EGRESS TRANSITION

STRUCTURAL WALL• TRACES INTERSECTION OF FRAME• SEPARATES MAJOR PROGRAM

SHELTERED QUEUE

OPEN TO ABOVE

PUBLIC MUSEUM STAIR & ELEVATORTOWER ELEVATORS

SERVICE ELEVATORS, LOWER FLOORS

OPEN ABOVEMAIN PUBLIC ENTRYTO THE MUSEUM

MAIN ENTRYTO OFFICES

MAIN PUBLIC ENTRYTO THE TOWER

OPEN ABOVE

大廈大堂公廁

營業大廳

急救

博物館大廳

食品及飲料區

博物館信息

公廁

大廈保安

電梯口

博物館禮品店

台中市館（城市模型）

塔店

餐廳門口

SITE AREA COVERAGE[10,000 PERMITTED]A: 8,701 m2

TOWER LOBBYTWR-01 [500]A: 524 m2

PUBLIC TOILETS (GF)MUS-OTHA: 130 m2

BUSINESS LOBBYMUS-8A: 216 m2

EDGE OF CANOPYPLAZA EXTENSION OF LOBBY

PUBLIC MUSEUM STAIR & ELEVATOR

TAICHUNG CITY MUSEUM (MODEL)MUS 3.1 [5500/4]A: 1,591 m2

MULTI-PURPOSE THEATERMUS 3.3 [5500/4]A: 1,417 m2

MUSEUM INFOMUS-2 [100]A: 170 m2FOOD & BEVERAGE AREA

PS-1 [1250/3]A: 455 m2

TOWER INFO CENTERTWR-2 [125]A: 199 m2

ELEVATOR LOBBYTWR-3 [75]A: 114 m2

TOWER SHOPSTWR-4 [100]A: 246 m2

MUSEUM LOBBYMUS-1 [600]A: 656 m2PUBLIC TOILETS

TWR-3 [100]A: 143 m2

GIFT SHOPPS-2 [1250/3]A: 259 m2

TOWER SECURITYTWR-3A: 42 m2

FIRST AIDTWR-4A: 46 m2

RESTAURANT ENTRYTWR-3A: 113 m2

GROUND (1) LEVEL PLAN 1:500



OPEN TOLOBBYBELOW

OPEN TOLOBBYBELOW

OPEN TOCITY MODEL

BELOW

餐廳門口

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL AREAMUS-3.4 [5500/4]A: 1,331 m2

CENTRAL STRUCTURAL SHAFTWITH ELEVATORS

ROOF BELOW

EDGE OF SLAB

VIEW TO PARK

ELEVATOR TO GRADE

SERVICE ELEVATOR

KITCHEN

COCKTAIL LOUNGE

DINING ROOM

OUTDOOR TERRACE

環境信息中心

食品和飲料

博物館書店電梯口

公廁

多功能區

博物館模型忽略MUS. MODEL OVERLOOKMUS-3.1 [5500/4]A: 531 m2

FOOD & BEVERAGETWR-5.2 [400/2]A: 973 m2

ENVIRONMENTAL INFO CENTERMUS -3.2 [5500/4]A: 1,281 m2

MUSEUM BOOKSTOREMUS PS-3 [1250/3}A: 482 m2

ELEVATOR LOBBYTWR-3 [75/2]A: 55 m2

PUBLIC TOILETS (GF)MUS-OTHA: 154 m2

SECOND (2) LEVEL PLAN 1:500

Ground level plan Second level plan


OPEN BIM approach

Because of the tight project deadlines and the close coordination the project required, the team choose an Open BIM design approach. Open BIM is a model-based design approach based on the Industrial Foundation Class or IFC model exchange format. Choosing an Open BIM approach meant that Flamer and Muir could choose to use whatever software they felt would work best for their respective part of the design process, and not be forced into a single vendor’s software program. Exchanging models as IFC files made it easy for Flamer to leverage Muir’s architectural model into engineering, and pass it back to Muir, who optimized Scia Engineer structural models that he could incorporate into the final design in ArchiCAD. It also made it easy to manage design changes, which was important for Flamer and Muir, who worked incrementally all the way through to the final design. Despite the complexity and the large size of the files, they did not experience any problems with the structural-architectural collaboration. The entire final project documentation, including rendering images and drawings of the structural system, was created by the architect.



PERIMETER PIERS (SHAPE TO BE DETERMINED)

BASE ISOMETRICS N.T.S.

STRUCTURAL WALLS

FLOOR ASSEMBLY (2 M. DEEP)

FRAMING PATTERN EDGE BEAM

TYPICAL FLOOR TO FLOOR DIMENSION = 6 METERS

MONOLITHIC WALLS AT INTERSECTION OF OVALSPROGRAM MAINTAINED BETWEEN WITH FEW OPENINGS

COMPOSITE

CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURAL CORE



COLOR FOR GEOMETRICCLARITY ONLY

2 M. PROFILE OFACCESSIBLE SPACE

4 M. PROFILE OFOCCUPIED SPACE

CROWN PERSPECTIVE N.T.S.

Close up of 24 meter section of core and spiraling tubes. Colored contours represent translation under the D+W loadcase (left) and Axial forces in truss and outriggers under the D+W loadcase (right) (Scia Engineer)



BASE SECTION (N.T.S.)

Tower base section detail (ArchiCAD)

Tower crown detail (ArchiCAD)

Construction Principles for Tower base (ArchiCAD)


Dimensions of the tubes were determined by the requirements of the egress stairs, elevators, and structural components. The structural system was primarily comprised of four steel framed tubes, 7 meters in diameter, which spiral around an 8 meter circular concrete core. Each tube was composed of round steel pipes in a diagrid pattern rotated around the core, completing a full 360 degrees of rotation over 240 meters of rise in elevation. Outrigger trusses would transfer lateral loads from the central core to the exterior tubes for the full height of the tower. Using the exterior tubes in conjunction with the concrete core greatly increased the lateral stiffness. Torsion induced on the core would be offset by a continuous truss, which connected the tubes to each other and allowed the four individual tubes to work as a single unit. The base would consist of five occupied floors, and the top would consist of seven occupied floors supported by composite slabs on a steel beam and girder system. A mat slab on drilled piers provided the foundational support.

Driven by inspiration

Using GRAPHISOFT’s ArchiCAD, Muir’s design merged science and art. His inspiration for the project was drawn from both mathematical forms as well as floral shapes. Sustainability was also an important component. The shape was conducive to providing smooth airflow to harvest wind energy. The team investigated various configurations for the structure of the tower’s shaft and discovered that the five-tube configuration provided the best combination of permeability, integral shafts, and structural support. Coiled tubes were to wrap the core in one complete, 360 degree rotation.

The top structure from an aerial/ side view and a DNA form for inspirationScia Engineer model


Unique workflow

It is typically the architect who builds the initial model and sends it to the engineer for design of structural elements. However, the exposed steel and the complexity of the tower required that the structure be modeled first. “Without the flexibility and scalability of Scia Engineer, we would not have been able to meet this deadline.” Flamer said. He was able to analyze and design for gravity loads and seismic loads including dynamic analysis, and wind loads. After optimizing the model, he sent it to the architect via IFC. Muir was then able to use ArchiCAD to complete the architectural design and detailing. While Muir and Flamer did not win this competition, they took collaboration to new heights and truly worked as a team. Using Open BIM allowed them to create a unique 3D workflow, collaborate on the complex design, and integrate architecture and engineering. Muir and Flamer met the requirements of the competition and made the deadline. They submitted their design in just three weeks.

Design Competition Details:• City museum on the ground level• Restaurant, observation deck and environmental monitoring station at the top level• 300m minimum height (984 feet)• Typhoon Level Wind = +499.2 kg/m2, -748.8 kg/m2. • US$220million budget • Three-week deadline

About GRAPHISOFT

GRAPHISOFT® ignited the BIM revolution with ArchiCAD®, the industry first BIM software for architects. GRAPHISOFT continues to lead the industry with innovative solutions such as the revolutionary GRAPHISOFT BIM Server™, the world’s first real-time BIM collaboration environment, and the GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner™, the world’s first fully integrated building energy modeling application. GRAPHISOFT’s innovative solutions have fundamentally changed the way architects around the world design and collaborate. GRAPHISOFT® has been part of the Nemetschek Group, since its acquisition in 2007.

Mark Flamer, PE Mark Flamer has worked in the AEC industry for over 15 years. He is a General Building Contractor and Registered Engineer. Mark now works for Vectorworks as a software engineer, leveraging his AEC experience to create software for the design of smarter, more efficient buildings.

Douglas Muir, RA, BArch, NCARBMr. Muir has been practicing architecture in New York for over twenty years. His experience includes Healthcare, Education, Commercial, Residential and Cultural work. Notable projects in recent years included involvement with the renovation and addition to Alice Tully Hall and Julliard School of Music at Lincoln Center in Manhattan with FXF and DS+R and a 500-bed hospital in New Jersey.www.dma-nyc.com

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