the potential for international comparability of manufacturing statistics in amcs: workshop on...

The Potential for International Comparability of Manufacturing Statistics in AMCs:

Workshop on Manufacturing Statistics Lusaka, Zambia,4-7 May 2009

EAMS Secretariat (FY2008) EAMS Secretariat (FY2008) Tomoyuki Kuroda Ph.DTomoyuki Kuroda Ph.D

Objective of this Presentation

◆The following presentation looks at the current situation with regard to the international comparability of manufacturing statistics based on study carried out to date by the AMEICC WGS and EAMS.

◆It also puts forward issues for the future with regard to international comparability, drawing on the findings of the aforementioned study.

Table of Contents

１　 Overview and major findings

２　 Issues regarding international comparability

３　 Future effort to resolve issues

1. Overview and major findings ー Overview of the study ー

Target area: ASEAN + China, South Korea and Japan (extended to ASEAN+3)

- Extending the study to cover all categories of ISIC- 4digit industries (Section-D)

2006

Target area: 8 ASEAN countries + Japan

- Basic study on industrial statistics in general2003


- Initial study into the international comparability of manufacturing statistics

2004


- Trial studies into the comparability of manufacturing statistics in three industries

2005

What is Industrial Statistics ?

Table1. Summary Table for the Definition of the Industrial StatisticsTable1. Summary Table for the Definition of the Industrial Statistics

Note: 1. The grey color denotes the sector covered in the industrial statistics in each country.2. The ISIC codes follow the ISIC Rev. 33.The table above follows the definition at the Ministry of Industry for Lao PDR and the Ministry of Industry for Thailand.4.The table follows the definition in each country as of May 2005.

ISIC Code A B C ＊ D ＊ E ＋ F G ＋ H I ＋ J K ＋ L M ＋ N ＋ O ＋ P Q

Agricu

lture

, Hun

ting

and

Fore

stry

Fishin

g

Min

ing

and

Qua

rrying

Ma

nu

factu

ring

Electricity, G

as an

d W

ate

r Su

pp

ly

Con

structio

n

Who

lesa

le an

d R

eta

il Tra

de; R

epa

iro

f Mo

tor V

eh

icles, M

oto

r Cycle

s an

dP

erson

al a

nd

Ho

use

hold

Go

od

s

Hote

l an

d Re

stau

rants

Tran

spo

rt, Sto

rag

e an

dC

omm

un

icatio

ns

Fin

ancia

l Interm

ed

iation

Rea

l Estate

, Re

ntin

g an

d B

usin

ess

Activitie

s

Pub

lic Adm

inistra

tion

an

d D

efe

nse

;C

omp

ulsory S

ocia

l Se

curity

Edu

catio

n

Hea

lth a

nd S

ocia

l Work

Oth

er C

om

mu

nity, S

ocial a

nd

Perso

na

l Se

rvice A

ctivities

Priva

te H

ou

seho

lds w

ith E

mp

loye

dP

erson

s

Extra

-Territo

rial Orga

niza

tions a

ndB

odie

s

BruneiDarussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Vietnam

What is Industrial Statistics?

What is Census and Survey ?

What is Census and Survey?

Census is defined as a complete enumeration census and survey as a sample survey.

Census in Cambodia denotes a complete enumeration, and survey denotes a sample survey.

Census

Census refers to three censuses - the economic census, the population census and the agriculture census - all of which target the entire population. Among them, the economic census covers all incorporated and unincorporated businesses. The survey approach adopted in the censuses is based on the "complete enumeration" method.

Survey

Surveys are conducted as part of a follow-up to a census, using the data frame produced by the census. The Integrated Survey of Small-scale Establishments, for instance, studies incorporated and unincorporated companies based on economic censuses already conducted.

In Japan, a “Census” means a complete enumeration survey, whereas a “survey” indicates a sample survey.

CambodiaCambodia

IndonesiaIndonesia

JapanJapan

BruneiBrunei

While census denote a complete enumeration such as a population census or an agriculture census, survey indicates those conducted by the sampling method.

Census is defined as a complete enumeration census and survey as a sample survey.

Although no census has ever been taken in Myanmar, census is defined as a complete enumeration and survey as a sampling.

There is not much difference between the terms census and survey in the Philippines, except in geographic and industry coverage. Both include establishments with 100 or more employees on a complete enumeration, although small establishments with less than 100 employees are covered on a sample basis in the survey. The census covers businesses down to the 5-digit level of classification, whereas surveys cover only those down to the 4-digit level.

Lao PDRLao PDR

MalaysiaMalaysia

MyanmarMyanmar

PhilippinesPhilippines


Census in Singapore covers all establishments, i.e. complete enumeration, while survey is compiled by sampling.

Census means a complete enumeration and survey means a sample survey.

In Vietnam, the definitions of census and survey differ between the manufacturing statistics and commerce statistics. In the manufacturing statistics, census indicates a complete enumeration census, but survey denotes a sample survey. The commerce statistics, on the other hand, make no distinction between census and survey.

ThailandThailand

VietnamVietnam

SingaporeSingapore


Brunei Cambodia

Indonesia Japan Lao PDR Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand Vietnam

Census

Complete Enumeration




Complete Enumeratio

n

Complete Enumera-

tion

Complete Enumera-

tionPSIC 5digits

Complete Enumera-

tion

Complete Enumera-

tion

Complete Enumera-

tion

Survey

Sampling Sampling

Uses the frame

compiled in Censuses

Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling PSIC 4digits Sampling Sampling Sampling


What is Establishments and Enterprises ?

Establishments and Enterprises

Reference: Excerpts from ISIC Rev. 3. on establishments and enterprises

- EstablishmentAn enterprise, or part of it, independently engaged in one, or mainly one economic activity at one location, or in one geographical area, or from thereof, having business surplus data available and suitable for usage or meaningful compilation.

- EnterpriseAn institutional unit, or the smallest group of these units, having all the functions necessary for production activities with a management to control these activities directly or indirectly.

Most of the countries applies the definitions as in the ISIC Rev. 3, or those very close to the ISIC

Several countries do not distinguish establishments and enterprises due to the size of economy.

The definitions for establishment and enterprise used in Brunei Darussalam are based on ISIC. An establishment is an economic unit which engages, under a single legal entity, in one, or predominantly one, kind of economic activity at a single location. An enterprise is defined as the entire economic activity operated under a single legal entity and it may consist of more than one establishment. The legal entity may be a corporation, co-operative, association, partnership, individual proprietorship or association. In Brunei Darussalam, surveys based on enterprises are performed.

-Establishment: An economic entity under sole ownership or management. In other words, it is a legal entity and an economic unit conducting one, or mainly one, business activity at a fixed location.

- Enterprise: An institutional unit or the smallest group of these units having all the functions necessary for production activities and the management to control these activities directly or indirectly.

- Establishment: Establishment denotes an entity of economic activity producing products for sale or exchange, having one or more employees engaged in personnel affairs and sales strategies. For this reason, establishments can take the form of private offices, factories, representative offices, branches and headquarters.-Enterprise: Irrespective of whether an enterprise is engaged in economic activity or not, an enterprise comprises a group of establishments.

An enterprise is considered to be an aggregation of establishments. As the number of enterprises is small, enterprises and establishments are in effect treated as the same kind of entity.

CambodiaCambodia

IndonesiaIndonesia

BruneiBrunei

Lao PDRLao PDR


- Establishment (uses ISIC definition): An enterprise, or part of it, independently engaged in one, or mainly one economic activity at one location, or in one geographical area, or from thereof, having business surplus data available and suitable for usage or meaningful compilation.

- Enterprise: Enterprise denotes a business entity operating under an incorporated institution and having more than one establishment.

Myanmar makes no distinction between establishments and enterprises, and they are in effect treated as the same kind of entity

- Establishment: A business entity or a corporation under sole ownership or control, conducting one, or mainly one, business activity at one location.

- Enterprise: Enterprise means a corporation, or a quasi-corporation, having all the functions necessary for conducting business activities directly or indirectly. Included in it are corporations, joint corporations, associations, non-profit corporations and cooperatives. Irrespective of their business activities and areas, they are supposed to have ownership and control thereof.

MalaysiaMalaysia

MyanmarMyanmar



- Establishment (uses ISIC definition): A unit of enterprise, or part of it, independently engaged in one, or mainly one, economic activity at one location, or in one geographical area, or from thereof, having business surplus data available and suitable for usage or meaningful compilation.

- Enterprise (uses ISIC definition): An institutional unit, or the smallest group of these units, having all the functions necessary for production activities, and a management to control these activities directly or indirectly

The definitions for establishment and enterprise used in Thailand are based on ISIC.

The definitions for establishment and enterprise used in Vietnam are based on ISIC.

ThailandThailand

VietnamVietnam

SingaporeSingapore


The Response Rate ?

Definition of the response rate

The response rate computation method varies widely among the ASEAN countries. As you might expect, "non-response" is excluded from computation in all countries.

In Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, however, "invalid replies" are counted in their response rates. On the other hand, there are countries, such as Cambodia and Thailand, which do not include invalid replies in the response rates.

In Japan, only valid replies are counted, and both non-response and invalid replies are excluded.

Industrial Classification

All Industries: Number of Sections, Divisions, Groups, Classes and ItemsAll Industries: Number of Sections, Divisions, Groups, Classes and Items All Industries: Number of Sections, Divisions, Groups, Classes and ItemsAll Industries: Number of Sections, Divisions, Groups, Classes and Items

1074

613

186

60

20

VietnamVietnam

(VSIC)(VSIC)

－

303

159

60

17

BruneiBrunei

(BDSIC)(BDSIC)

－

292

159

60

17

Cambodia, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Lao PDR, ThailandThailand

(ISIC Rev. (ISIC Rev. 3)3)

698

302

157

60

17

MalaysiaMalaysia

(MSIC)(MSIC)

1007

392

177

63

18

IndonesiaIndonesia

(KBLI)(KBLI)

1005

549

220

63

17


(PSIC)(PSIC)

－

－

－

148

29

MyanmarMyanmar

(BSIC)(BSIC)

－1072ItemsItems

(5 Digits)(5 Digits)

1269325ClassesClasses


420138GroupsGroups


9754DivisionsDivisions


1918SectionsSections

(1 Digit)(1 Digit)

JapanJapan

(JSIC)(JSIC)

SingaporeSingapore

(SSIC)(SSIC) All All

IndustriesIndustries

Manufacturing: Number of Divisions, Groups, Classes and ItemsManufacturing: Number of Divisions, Groups, Classes and Items Manufacturing: Number of Divisions, Groups, Classes and ItemsManufacturing: Number of Divisions, Groups, Classes and Items

334

235

64

23

VietnamVietnam

(VSIC)(VSIC)

-

127

61

23

BruneiBrunei

(BDSIC)(BDSIC)

-

127

61

23

Cambodia, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Lao PDR, ThailandThailand

(ISIC Rev. (ISIC Rev. 3)3)

197

127

61

23

MalaysiaMalaysia

(MSIC)(MSIC)

371

130

67

23

IndonesiaIndonesia

(KBLI)(KBLI)

431

205

75

24

PhilippinePhilippiness

(PSIC)(PSIC)

-

-

84

16

MyanmarMyanmar

(BSIC)(BSIC)

-394ItemsItems


587120ClassesClasses


14357GroupsGroups


2521DivisionsDivisions


JapanJapan

(JSIC)(JSIC)

SingaporSingaporee

(SSIC)(SSIC)

Manu-Manu-

facturingfacturing

Note: Classification in Myanmar includes Sector 1 to Sector 16 regarded as manufacturing.


Brunei Darussalam has developed the 2001 Brunei Darussalam Standard Industrial Classification (BDSIC), which closely follows the ISIC (Rev. 3). It is a four-digit code with the grouping down to the Class Level of the ISIC Rev. 3.

Without its own industrial classification, Cambodia uses the four-digit codes of the ISIC Rev. 3. in its entirety.

Since 2000, Indonesia has been using Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KBLI), replacing the old industrial classification of Klasifikasi Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KLUI). The KBLI is based on the ISIC Rev. 3. and its smallest classification is a five-digit code, where the last two digits reflect the local conditions in Indonesia.

Lao PDR employs four-digits ISIC codes (Rev. 3).

CambodiaCambodia

IndonesiaIndonesia

BruneiBrunei

Lao PDRLao PDR


Malaysia has migrated to the Malaysia Standard Industry Classification (MSIC) commencing in 2001 in place of the Malaysia Industrial Classification (MIC), 1972. Although the MSIC corresponds to the ISIC (Rev. 3), each industry code is further extended to include product codes for each item. Hence, the lowest classification of the MSIC is the five-digit industry classification.

Myanmar does not have an industrial classification of its own that corresponds to the ISIC. The classification in use now is the Burma Standard Industry Classification Code System (BSIC) created in 1954. Myanmar plans to develop a new classification that corresponds to the ISIC in near future.

The 1994 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) was used beginning the 1996-1997 Annual Survey of Establishments. Prior to this, the 1997 PSIC was used in business and industry census and surveys. The 1994 PSIC is the same as the ISIC Rev. 3 as far as major divisions are concerned, but different codes are occasionally designated in major group (three digits) and class (four-digits) classifications. However, a corresponding table of the PSIC and ISIC, published by the National Statistical Coordinating Committee (NSCB), has been made available. The lowest classification (sub-class) in the PSIC uses a five-digit code. Amendments to the 1994 PSIC was done in 2002 to consider the emerging industries, the ICT sector, in particular.

MalaysiaMalaysia

MyanmarMyanmar



The industrial classification of Singapore employs the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification 2000 (SSIC) that corresponds to the ISIC Rev. 3. The smallest category of the SSIC is five-digits code.

A new version of the Thai Standard Industry Classification (TSIC) is updated in 2001. However, the ISIC Rev. 3 is applied in the surveys and censuses.

Vietnam uses the Vietnam Standard Industry Classification (VSIC) compiled in 1995, which is based on the ISIC Rev. 3. The VSIC added two digits to the four-digit codes of the ISIC, and its smallest classification uses a six-digit code.

ThailandThailand

VietnamVietnam

SingaporeSingapore


1. Overview and major findings ー Study in 2003 ー

Major findings from the study in 2003Major findings from the study in 2003

There are differences between each country, including factors such as the definition and level of statistics compiled.

- Differences in survey subjects (“establishments” vs. “enterprise”)

- Differences in the level of compilation of lists (Directory) of establishments

- Differences in statistical survey methods (different survey scopes, etc.)

- Differences in organizational capabilities (budget and personnel, etc.)

These were just some of the issues relating to international comparability highlighted as a result of research carried out.

1. Overview and major findings ー Overview of the study ー

Target area: ASEAN + China, South Korea and Japan (extended to ASEAN+3)

- Extending the study to cover all categories of ISIC- 4digit industries (Section-D)

2006


- Basic study on industrial statistics in general2003


- Initial study into the international comparability of manufacturing statistics

2004


- Trial studies into the comparability of manufacturing statistics in three industries

2005


Main findings from the study in 2004Main findings from the study in 2004

a) Factors relating to statistical survey methods

- Because of differing survey period, it is not possible to conduct comparisons covering the entire ASEAN region on an annual basis.

- Because of insufficient budget and human resources, some countries have made little progress in terms of compiling lists (Directory) of establishments/ enterprises.

- Full-scale international comparability is unfeasible because of differences in the classification of the scale of survey subjects (e.g. scale of workforce).

- Whereas surveys in some countries target “establishments,” surveys in others target “enterprises.” (Brunei, China, Vietnam)



b) Factors relating to industrial classification (Section D)

Countries can be broadly divided as follows, with ISIC Rev. 3 as the common factor.

- Countries using ISIC Rev.3 (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, etc.)

- Countries using their own system of industrial classification based on ISIC Rev.3 (other countries)

Although there are a number of outstanding issues to be addressed before accurate comparisons can be made, including statistical survey methods, it is increasingly apparent that it may be possible to conduct international comparisons from the standpoint of industrial classification based on ISIC Rev.3.

What should we do ?



The previous trial study on international comparisons only on three industries in ASEAN countries

ISIC Rev.3・ 17 Textiles

・ 34 Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-trailers ・ 361 Furniture

Reasons for selecting the above industries

The above industries were selected from those thought to be active in each of the ASEAN countries based on agreement from the ASEAN countries themselves.


Envisioned study results Envisioned study results

Value of Input Cost, Gross Output and Value Added (Manufacture of Textiles)

(As of May 31, 2005)

Brunei

Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Japan

Reference year 2001 2000 2000 1999 2000 2002/03 1998 2002 2003(NSO) 2001(MOI) 2000 2000 2003

Unit of value (Local currency) 1000BRD million Riels 1000 Rp million Kips 1000 Ringgits million Kyats 1000 Pesos 1000 SGD 1000 Bahts 1000 Bahts Billion VND million Yens million Yens

Survey Unit total total total total total total total total total total total total total

Number of establishments 16* 227 350,120 1,010 530 4,932 1,735 126 58,688 404 408* 46,950 37,349

Number of workers 171 223,337 1,516,614 3,411 46,142 119,176 57,643 1,663 395,255 na na na na

of which employees 163 223,128 na 1,783 45,357 na 55,595 na 309,785 na 122,756 326,107 262,597

Employment cost 1,204 923,181 4,789,111 3,783 702,331 10,240 4,180,798 39,492 20,531,583 na 1,208 926,306 698,701

Total (Input cost)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・① 3,633 1,911,302 51,966,905,433 22,310 5,347,916 26,216 20,091,809 194,789 137,159,810 76,741 11,125 2,222,244 1,735,275

of which raw materials 1,106 1,421,562 na 17,108 4,104,261 na 17,196,005 129,786 104,646,976 70,516 na na na

of which maintenance and industrial services 150 74,541 na 927 419,992 na 490,693 2,789 9,421,317 na na na na

Total (Value of gross output)・・・・・・・・・・② 4,971 3,749,279 777,659,708,478 38,966 7,812,198 42,288 31,829,355 254,605 187,073,421 132,703 13,078 4,334,614 3,394,506

of which goods produced 2,347 3,898,637 na 37,576 7,554,500 na 29,561,905 243,351 173,900,156 na 13,078 3,067,172 2,402,339

of which value of industrial services rendered 1,490 280,552 na na 1,390 na 767,333 na 9,512,019 na na 1,264,760 972,716

Value added at market price(②－①) 1.338 1,837,977 25,692,803,045 16,656 2,464,282 16,072 11,737,547 59,816 49,913,611 55,962 247 1,899,734 1,512,034

Book value of fixed assets na 1,072,182 na 4,285 5,883,708 46,308 14,401,624 89,790 119,158,215 na 10,202 na na

of which fixed assets other than land na na na na 5,587,879 na na na 97,789,808 na na na na

*Number of enterprises

Value of Input Cost, Gross Output and Value Added (Manufacture of Textiles)(As of May 31,2005)


Major findings from the study in 2005Major findings from the study in 2005

Trial international comparisons between three industries in ASEAN countries

- In spite of differences between countries conducting censuses and those conducting sample-based surveys, data was obtainable for more or less all establishments for the Y2000.- The concepts and definitions used in each country with regard to factors such as methods of calculating total value added more or less comply with international standards.

⇒There was determined to be sufficient data available for international comparability in the ASEAN countries in the future.

Research indicated a number of outstanding issues however with regard to the conditions required for comparisons to be carried out, including the following.

- Differences between “Establishment” and “Enterprise” based statistics - The need to investigate indices to enable comparisons in local currencies 　

I’ m a very very young guy in this time.

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the potential for international comparability of manufacturing statistics in amcs: workshop on...

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