the postclassical period a.k.a
DESCRIPTION
The Postclassical Period a.k.a. Fall of Western Rome – 1400s. Do Now: What is the time period of this picture? What region of the world do you think this picture is located? What is the purpose of a castle? What global history themes can you identify in this picture? Explain. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Postclassical Period a.k.a
Fall of Western Rome – 1400s
![Page 2: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Do Now: 1) What is the time period of this picture? 2) What region of the world do you think this picture is located? 3) What is the purpose of a castle? 4) What global history themes can you identify in this picture? Explain.5) Who rules at a castle? Who works?
![Page 3: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Beginning…Early Middle Ages• Decline of Roman Empire • Rise of Northern Europe • New forms of government • Heavy “Romanization” (religion,
language, laws, architecture, government)
• Latin- “medium aevum” means “middle age” and is source of English word “medieval”
![Page 4: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Early Middle Ages
• Dark Ages (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars named this as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans)
• Rise of influence of barbarians as Roman Emperors had granted barbarian mercenaries land with the Roman Empire in return for military service and it was these barbarians who eventually became the new rulers
![Page 5: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Warriors and Warbands in the West• Period of change in Western Europe as barbarians
were migrating in to areas given up by Romans• As more barbarians moved westward, other tribes
were forced to move• Groups categorized by languages and little else• Celtic: Gauls, Britons, Bretons• Germanic: Goths, Frank, Vandals, Saxons• Slavic: Wends
![Page 8: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
From Rome to Constantinople
Area of Middle Age Feudalism
![Page 10: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Expanding Influence of the Church
• Christian Church became an important political, economic, spiritual and cultural force in Europe
• Leading officials of Church were the Pope and Patriarch • Banning of heresy (holding beliefs that contradict the
official religion) Excommunication• Conversion by force• Eventually in 11th (1000s) Century, Church split into two
independent branches Eastern Orthodox (Greek) based in Constantinople and Roman Catholic in Rome
![Page 11: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spread of Christianity
![Page 12: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
You scratch my back… I’ll scratch yours….• The Roman Catholich Church was granted favors
by Kings (land, exemption from taxes, immunity in courts, positions in courts) and in return the Church would endorse kings to help secure their rule
• Kings looked to Church to supply educated administrators to help run kingdoms and in return kings would enforce laws that prohibited other religions
![Page 13: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Monasticism and Saints
• Monks were people who gave up worldly possessions and devoted themselves to a religious life
• Established between 400 -700 communities called monasteries which became centers of education, literacy and learning
• Strict codes of monastic conduct called Rule of St. Benedict
Beginning of the Religious V. Reasonable Debate
![Page 14: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Difference Between Feudalism and Manoralism
Manoralism – System that describes economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers (serfs) during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy reciprocal obligations that exchange labor or rents for access to land.
![Page 15: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Carolingians• Rise of aristocratic Charles
Martel who dominated Frankish kingdom in 8th century
• He confiscated land given to Church and began Church reforms that would restore spirituality to clerical life
• Established the Carolingian Dynasty, named to protect thepapacy and establish the popeand bishops are the makers of kings
• Greatest legacy was Charles the Great, or Charlemagne (768- 814 CE)
![Page 17: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Changes in Agriculture – 900s CE
Moldboard Plow
Three-Field System
From This
To This
![Page 18: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Effects: New Urban Centers, Serfs dissatisfied with Manorial Obligations, Increasing Power of Some Lords Large Estates and Feudalism
![Page 19: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Holy Roman Empire & Charlemagne• Charlemagne (Charles the Great) who was a military
general and restored Pope Leo III who had been exiled• In return, Leo placed a crown on Charlemagne and
named him the “Emperor of the Romans” which secured the relationship between Frankish kings and the papacy
• Charlemagne became the first ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, a dynasty that would last for more than 700 years
• Charlemagne- imposed order on empire through the Church and state
• Ordered the standardization of Latin, textbooks, manuals for preaching, schools for clergy and people, new form of handwriting
• All these promoted education and scholars and produced a precise written language (Latin)
![Page 21: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Feudalism – A political system that took place in Western and Eastern Europe after the Fall of Rome in which loyalty, military service and work were exchanged for land and protection of the people who lived on the land.
![Page 22: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Roman Catholic Church Officials also in upper class of equal importance.
![Page 23: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Feudalism• Increasing violence and lawless countryside• Weak turn to the strong for protection, strong
want something from the weak• Feudalism= relationship between those
ranked in a chain of association (kings, vassals, lords, knights, serfs)
• Feudalism worked because of the notion of mutual obligation, or voluntary co-operation from serf to noble
• A man’s word was the cornerstone of social life
Key terms• Fief = land given by a lord in return for a
vassal’s military service and oath of loyalty• Serfs= aka villeins or common peasants who
worked the lords land• Tithe = tax that serfs paid (tax or rent)• Corvee= condition of unpaid labour by serfs
(maintaining roads or ditches on a manor)
![Page 24: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Slaves and Serfs
• Slaves made up of conquered peoples• Some treated harshly, while other were
treated fairly• Rural slaves became serfs, who worked the
land and provided labor for owner (in return from protection)
• Set up for system of feudalism
![Page 25: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Birth of Modern Languages
• Development of Middle Ages• New languages born through migration,
resettlement, conflict and changes• Old English (Anglo Saxon) began to
incorporate words borrowed from Latin and Old French, Old German and Old Norse
• Roots of contemporary Spanish, Italian and other Romance languages
![Page 26: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
High Middle Ages• New royal dynasty called Capetians in France• System of primogeniture= system where eldest son inherited
everything (instead of dividing land / property / wealth)• Lords and knights however had little loyalty and began competing
more fiercely for land, power, influence and control• Peace of God= a set of decrees issued in 989 CE that prohibited
stealing church property, assaulting clerics, peasants and women with the threat of excommunication from Church
• were set to protect the unarmed populace by limiting warfare in countryside
• Truce of God= set in 1027 CE and outlawed all fighting from Thursday to Monday morning, on important feast days and during religious days
• Truce encouraged idea that the only combat pleasing to God was in the defense of Christendom (idea of the righteousness of holy war)
• 1095 CE Pope Urban II referred to Truce of God when calling knights to the first Crusade in support of Christians
![Page 27: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Wars and Conflicts• War of Investitures (Pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV)
• Norman Conquests & William the Conqueror (who was crowned King of England and ordered the Doomsday Book)
• Magna Carta (king is subject to the law)
• Crusades
• Effects of Crusades (military failure but many positive effects (spreading of culture, goods, scientific knowledge, Arabic language and thought, economic growth in rural communities, and trade)
![Page 30: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
New Ideas and Culture• Effects of Crusades• Guild and communes• Towns, cities and manors• New thinkers (Thomas Aquinas) and writers• Creation of universities• New art and architecture (gothic, castles)• Knighthood and chivalry• Courtly entertainment (fables, playwrights)
![Page 31: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Late Middle Ages• Black Death• a devastating
worldwide pandemic that first struck Europe in the mid 14th century
• killed about a third of Europe’s population, an estimated 34 million people.
![Page 32: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Bubonic Plague• Called “black death” because of striking symptom of
the disease, in which sufferers' skin would blacken due to hemorrhages under the skin
• Spread by fleas and rats• painful lymph node swellings called buboes • buboes in the groin and armpits, which ooze pus and
blood. • damage to the skin and underlying tissue until they
were covered in dark blotches• Most victims died within four to seven days after
infection
EFFECTS• Caused massive depopulation and change
in social structure• Weakened influence of Church• Originated in Asia but was blamed on
Jews and lepers
![Page 33: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411).
![Page 36: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ideas, Inventions and Key Figures
• Roger Bacon (gunpowder)• Luca Pacioli (Father of Accounting)• Johannes Gutenberg (printing press)• Christine de Pisan (writer); Geoffrey Chaucer (writer)• Joan of Arc (Hundred Year’s War)• Pope Urban II (indulgences)• Pope Innocent IV and Bernard Gui (inquisitions)• Parliamentary Government in England
![Page 37: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Ten Commandments of the Code of Chivalry by Leon GautierI. Thou shalt believe all that the Church teaches, and shalt observe all its directions. II. Thou shalt defend the Church. III. Thou shalt repect all weaknesses, and shalt constitute thyself the defender of
them. IV. Thou shalt love the country in the which thou wast born. V. Thou shalt not recoil before thine enemy. VI. Thou shalt make war against the Infidel without cessation, and without mercy. VII. Thou shalt perform scrupulously thy feudal duties, if they be not contrary to the
laws of God. VIII. Thou shalt never lie, and shall remain faithful to thy pledged word. IX. Thou shalt be generous, and give largess to everyone. X. Thou shalt be everywhere and always the champion of the Right and the Good
against Injustice and Evil. 1. Who are nights loyal to? 2. How much influence does the Church have? 3. Who are the infidels? 4. How does a Knight know what/who is right? 5. Why are Knights so courageous? 6. What Global History Themes are discussed above? 7. What is the Main Idea of these Ten Commandments?
OTHER IDEAS
![Page 40: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Do Now: 1) What is a class system? 2) What are the classes in the United States today? 3) Are you allowed to be part of any class? 4) How do you move from one class to another?
5) What is a manor? 6) What is feudalism? 7) Why don’t feudal manors have merchants in their social class
system? 8) What is good about the code of chivalry? Bad?
![Page 41: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
1. What type of Architecture is this?
2. What sort of buildings are these?
3. What was the purpose of this type of Architecture?
4. How do these buildings show the power of the Church during the middle
![Page 42: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Castle Video Questions1. What had to be part of castles in medieval Europe? 2. What multiple purposes (at least three) did the castle
serve? 3. What technology was used in the construction of the
castle? 4. What defensive measures did the castles have?
![Page 44: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Do Now: Read the story about Joan of Arc on pages 43-45 in Enjoying Global History and answer the following? 1. How did war change in Europe during the 14th century? 2. Who fought in the Hundred Years War? 3. What motivated Joan of Arc? 4. What happened to Joan of Arc?
![Page 45: The Postclassical Period a.k.a](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816448550346895dd60e1e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Bring out your dead -
The Black Death
Ring around the rosyA pocketful of posies
"Ashes, Ashes"We all fall down!