the porn phenomenon - findings
TRANSCRIPT
7/25/2019 The Porn Phenomenon - Findings
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Research conducted byBarna Group
Research commissioned by
Josh McDowell Ministry
January 19, 2016
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RESEARCH DESIGN
The Porn Phenomenon
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Who Was Surveyed in the Study?
Note: colors correspond to graphs throughout this report
All participants completed an online survey, and data is weighted to be nationally
representative. Conducted July and August 2015.
Audience Definition Sample Size
TEENS 13 – 17 303
YOUNG ADULTS 18 – 24 510
ADULTS 25 + 1,188
PASTORS Senior Pastor 432
YOUTH PASTORS Youth Pastor 338
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KEY FINDINGS
The Porn Phenomenon
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PORN: WHAT IS IT AND WHY USE IT?
The Porn Phenomenon
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Porn: What Is It and Why Use It?
Porn is notoriously difficult to define.
For Americans, it’s more a question of function than form.
• Function: for the purpose of arousal, masturbation
• Form: images that depict sex, or sexual scenarios, or nudity that is sexually arousing
• Most people do not believe full nudity or especially partial nudity qualify as porn.
• There is a wide range of definitions across various segments of society.
People use porn for the obvious: arousal. But also for boredom, curiosity, and fun.
• Younger adults and teens tend to use porn for boredom, curiosity and fun.
• 25-50-year-olds tend to use for getting sex tips or to set a mood with a partner.
• “Being less risky than actual sex” is higher motivation among both teens and older
adults—for different reasons, presumably.
Teens are sensitive to and affected by porn, especially compared to young adults.
• One of the patterns in the data is that teens are not entirely sure what to do with or
make of porn, but those feelings of caution tend to dissipate among young adults.
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What is ‘Definitely Porn?’
What of these things would you definitely consider porn? Among those who currently use porn.
14%
18%
23%
31%
41%
46%
47%
55%
70%
83%
TEENS & YOUNG ADULTS
TEENS & YOUNG
ADULTS
84%
66%
61%
32%
26%
30%
22%
32%
11%
9%
ADULTS
ADULTS
Teens & Young Adults generally consider more types of images to be pornography,
compared to Adults.
partially nude still pictures
sex scenes that are a short part of a
broader story in a movie/video/TV
chatting/texting about sexual acts with
someone you do not know personally
partially nude show or dance
fully nude still pictures
sex scenes described in a written story
(no pictures)
still pictures of sexual acts
close-up still pictures of genitals
fully nude show or dance
sex scenes that make up most or all of a
video, with very little story
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Why Use Porn?
Why do you use porn?
“For personal arousal,” is the most common reason people use porn. Boredom is more
common among younger generations. Young Adults (18-24) also cite “fun” and “sexual
expression,” more than other generations.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
13-17 18-24 25-30 31-50 51-69
For personal arousal
Boredom
Curiosity
It’s just fun
To get tips or ideas for my
own sex life
Because it’s less risky than
actually having sex
To express my sexuality
To set the mood with a
girlfriend/boyfriend/partner
Ages
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Why Use Porn?
Why do you use porn?
The most common reason why people use porn is for personal arousal. Boredom is more
common among younger generations. Curiosity is also a common reason.
13-17 18-24 25-30 31-50 51-69 70+
For personal arousal For personal arousal For personal arousal For personal arousal For personal arousal For personal arousal
Boredom Boredom Curiosity
To set the mood with a
girlfriend/boyfriend/partn
er
It’s just fun
To set the mood with a
girlfriend/boyfriend/partn
er
Curiosity Curiosity To get tips or ideas for myown sex life
Curiosity Curiosity Curiosity
It’s just fun It’s just fun BoredomTo get tips or ideas for my
own sex life
Because it’s less risky than
actually having sexIt’s just fun
To get tips or ideas for my
own sex life
To get tips or ideas for my
own sex lifeIt’s just fun It’s just fun Boredom Boredom
Because it’s less risky than
actually having sexTo express my sexuality
To set the mood with a
girlfriend/boyfriend/partn
er
Boredom
To set the mood with a
girlfriend/boyfriend/partn
er
To get tips or ideas for my
own sex life
To express my sexuality
To set the mood with a
girlfriend/boyfriend/partn
er
To express my sexualityBecause it’s less risky than
actually having sex
To get tips or ideas for my
own sex life
Because it’s less risky than
actually having sex
To set the mood with a
girlfriend/boyfriend/partn
er
Because it’s less risky than
actually having sex
Because it’s less risky than
actually having sexTo express my sexuality To express my sexuality
+
%
-
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MORALITY OF PORN
The Porn Phenomenon
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The Morality of Porn
One of the favorable realities uncovered by the research is the degree of
transparency respondents display on the topic.
• Porn is a much more readily “researchable” topic than it was two decades
ago. It’s a subject that does not have the same social taboo that it once did.
Big generational changes on whether porn is good or bad for society.
• Adults over 50: believe it’s bad• 31-49 and teens: split between bad or neutral
• Young adults: most likely to believe it’s good
Only small minority of adults who use porn report much “guilt” about porn.
• Teens are most likely age segment to experience feelings of guilt, althoughit’s still a minority of teenagers.
• Practicing Christians are twice as likely as others to experience guilt.
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The Morality of Porn
Teens and young adults have “encouraging” or “accepting” conversations toward
porn.
• When they talk about porn with friends, 89% of teens, and 95% of young adults
say they do so in an either neutral, accepting, or encouraging way.
• Only one in 20 young adults and one in 10 teens say their friends think viewing
pornography is a bad thing.
Teens & young adults view “not recycling” as more immoral than viewing porn.
• 32% say viewing porn is "usually or always wrong" compared to 56% who say
not recycling is "usually or always wrong.”
Only child porn and non-consensual sex are considered “always wrong” by alarge majority of Americans.
• Less likely to be “always wrong” – depictions of teens, painful or forced sex,
demeaning situations, same-sex scenarios, and more than two people at once.
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Is Porn Good or Bad for Society?
Overall, do you think that porn is a good or bad thing for our society?
Young Adults (18-24) are the least likely age group to say porn is bad for society
27%
14%
30%
24%
37%
59%
16%
17%
21%
20%
22%
22%
47%
48%
32%
44%
36%
19%
9%
14%
13%
10%
5%
2%
8%
4%
2%
13-17
18-24
25-30
31-49
51-69
70+
it is very bad for our society it is somewhat bad for our society it is neither good nor bad it is somewhat good for our society It is very good for society
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Feelings About Porn Use
52%
68%
69%
72%
64%
26%
22%
19%
10%
12%
22%
10%
13%
18%
24%
13-17
18-24
25-30
31-50
51-69
I am comfortable
with how much
porn I use
I would rather
not use it as
much as I do, but
some is OK
I would rather
not use porn at
all
Comfort Level with Porn Use
Teens (13-17) are least comfortable with the amount of porn they use, compared to
other age groups. Middle-aged adults are the most comfortable with their use.
31%21%
14% 15% 17%
13-17 18-24 25-30 31-50 51-69
I feel a sense of guilt when I use porn
50% 51% 54% 54%47%
13-17 18-24 25-30 31-50 51-69
It really doesn’t bother me to use it
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The Guilt of Porn
Do any of these apply to your personal experience with pornography?
Minorities, practicing Christians, and conservatives are significantly more likely to
experience a sense of guilt compared to others.
29%
12%
23%
11%
18%
25%
28%
25%
11%
13%
Practicing Christian
Not Practicing Xian
Protestant
Catholic
Protestant Mainline
Protestant Non-Mainline
other Christian
conservative
moderate
liberal
7%
17%
19%
17%
11%
24%
17%
17%
8%
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
white
all non-white
less than $50K
$50K to $99K
$100K plus
R
e g i o n
I n c o m
e
R a c e
F a i t h
P o l i t i c s
D e n o m i n a t i o n
Demographic-Based Segmentations (Adults) Belief-Based Segmentations (Adults)
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How Immoral Is Porn?
• Taking something that belongs to someone else
• Having a romantic relationship with someone other than a spouse
• Saying something that isn’t true
•
Not recycling• Viewing pornographic images
• Thinking negatively about someone with a different point of view
• Reading erotic or pornographic content
• Watching sexually explicit scenes on TV or in a movie• Wanting something that belongs to someone else
• Overeating
• Significant consumption of electricity or water
Teens & Young Adults
Teens & Young Adults consider not recycling more immoral than viewing porn.
+
R
A
N
K
-
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When Friends Talk about Porn, Context Is…
When you and your friends talk about pornography, is it most often in a way that’s disagreeable, neutral,accepting, or encouraging?
More than half of teens and young adults talk about porn in a way that is completely
accepting. Only a small minority talk about it in a way that is disagreeable.
13%
40%
37%
11%
17%
43%
36%
5%
Encouraging - we talk about pornography in a positive,
even lighthearted way; no one is ashamed of viewing it
Accepting - it’s just assumed we all look at pornsometimes
Neutral - we don’t really discuss the morality of it
Disagreeable - my friends think viewing pornography is
a bad thing13-17
18-24
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Sexual Images That Are ‘Always Wrong’
What sexual images that involve any of these things are considered always wrong? Among those whocurrently use porn.
Only child pornography, non-consensual, and painful sex are considered “always wrong”
by the majority of people.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Depictions of children under the age of 12
Depictions of sexual acts that are not consensual (one or more of the people
did not agree to the act or to sharing it with others)
Sexual acts that may be forced or painful
Someone being depicted in a demeaning way
Depictions of teens
Sexual acts between two people of the same gender
Sexual acts involving more than two people at once
13-17
18-24
25-30
31-50
51-69
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PORN IN THE “SCREEN AGE”
The Porn Phenomenon
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Porn in the “Screen Age”
While porn has typically been a man’s domain, its usage among young women
seems to have become more common, perhaps due to digital access.
• Teenage girls and young women are significantly more likely to actively seek
out porn than women over age 25. More than half of women 25 and under
ever seek out porn (56% versus 27% among women 25-plus) and one-third
seek it out at least monthly (33% versus just 12% among older men).
• In contrast, among teen and young adult men, 81% ever seek it out and 67%at least monthly. Among men ages 25-plus, the comps are 65% and 47%.
Most teens are “sexting”—either on the receiving or sending end of sexually
explicit images.
• 62% of teens and young adults have received a sexually explicit image and41% have sent one (usually from/to their boy/girlfriend or friend).
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Porn in the “Screen Age”
More than one quarter (27%) of young adults ages 25-30 first viewed
pornography before puberty.
• This is significantly higher than the Gen X cohort, of which only 13% started
viewing porn before puberty, and the Boomers (6%). And while the research
does not prove causation, the increases may be related to digital exposure.
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Avenues of Porn
What are the ways that you normally view porn?
The Internet is by far the most frequented avenue for viewing pornography.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
videos online online pictures images in an app
(on cell phone or
tablet)
graphic novels magazines images sent via
text
on-demand videos
on cable or
satellite
rented or
purchased DVDs
13-17 18-24 25-30 31-50 51-69
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Personal Avenues of Porn
*65% adults say they mostly view porn at home while only 1% say they mostly view porn at work
Younger generations are more likely to have viewed porn before puberty and on their
phones. Very few people actually pay for porn.
27%
13%
6%
25-30 31-50 51-69
I started viewing
pornography before puberty
I sometimes pay for porn5% 6% 5%
25-30 31-50 51-69
66% 64% 66%61%
50%44%
35%
23%16%
1%
13-17 18-24 25-30 31-50 51-69
You mostly view pornography online You mostly view pornography on your phone
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Social Porn and ‘Sexting’
Has anyone ever sent you a nude image, via text, email, social media, or app?If yes, who sent it to you?
Two-thirds of Teens and Young Adults have received a sexually explicit image and 41%
have sent one, usually from/to their boy/girlfriend or friend.
Received a nude image?
yes63%
no
37%
T e e n s &
Y o u n g A d u l t s
57% 69%44%
69%
Male Female 13-17 18-24
Who is receiving?
yes
41%
no59%
33% 51%24%
47%
Male Female 13-17 18-24
Who is sending?
Sent a nude image?
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In Search of Porn
How often do you actively seek out porn?
19%
2%
32%
15%
16%
16%
14%
23%
19%
44%
Male
Female
daily weekly once or twice a month less often never
9%
1%
18%
5%
20%
6%
19%
16%
35%
73%
Male
Female
daily weekly once or twice a month less often never
Teens & Young Adults
Adults
Teenage girls and young women are significantly more likely to actively seek out porn
than women over age 25.
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PORN AND PASTORS
The Porn Phenomenon
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Porn and Pastors
Like the general population, faith leaders are quite likely to admit being
exposed to porn that they didn’t intend to find.
• Most likely to have been exposed to porn on a website accidentally, a pop-
up on a computer or tablet, or via an unsolicited email with sexual content.
• Youth pastors are more likely than senior pastors to find sexual content via
social media like Twitter or Instagram.
Most pastors (57%) and youth pastors (64%) admit they have struggled with
porn, either currently or in the past.
• Overall, 21% of youth pastors and 14% of pastors admit they currently
struggle with using porn.
• About 12% of youth pastors and 5% of pastors say they are addicted to porn• 87% of pastors who use porn feel a great sense of shame about it.
• 55% of pastors who use porn say they live in constant fear of being
discovered.
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Porn and Pastors
The vast majority of faith leaders who struggle with porn say this has
significantly affected their ministry in a negative manner.
• It is not clear why, but youth pastors are twice as likely as pastors to report
this kind of unfavorable impact.
There is a big difference of opinion between faith leaders and congregants
when it comes to the consequences for pastors who struggle with porn.• Only 8% of pastors think that a pastor should resign his/her position if s/he
is struggling with porn. Most pastors think s/he should deal with the
struggle through counseling or accountability.
• In contrast, 41% of adult Christians think that pastors should be fired or
asked to resign if they are found to be using porn. Younger Christians aremore likely to take a lenient approach.
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came across a website where I found pornography, accidentally
received a solicitation via pop up ad on a computer or tablet
received a solicitation via email
went to a website where I knew I would find pornography
flipped through adult TV channels or movies
searched for it on social media, like Instagram or Twitter
obtained a magazine or other printed material
received a solicitation via text/phone
none of these
came across a website where I found pornography, accidentally
received a solicitation via pop up ad on a computer or tablet
received a solicitation via email
went to a website where I knew I would find pornography
flipped through adult TV channels or movies
obtained a magazine or other printed material
received a solicitation via text/phone
searched for it on social media, like Instagram or Twitter
none of these
Pastors Coming Across Porn
Have you personally ever come across the following types of pornography, even if you did not respond or
engage with it?
The differences between what youth pastors and pastors come across is likely a
reflection of their age.
75%
66%
56%
50%
46%
30%
27%
17%
5%
73%
58%
57%
37%
37%
23%
17%
12%
7%
Youth Pastor Pastor
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’ S l i h 32
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YES
YES
Pastors’ Struggle with Porn
Have you ever struggled in your own personal life with using pornography? How often do you/did you
actually use pornography? Would you say you are/were addicted to pornography?
Just over one in five youth pastors currently struggles with using porn, and they use it at
least once a month. About 12% of youth pastors and 5% of pastors are addicted to porn.
21%
43%
36%
yes, this is a current
struggle
yes, this was a struggle
in the past
no, I have not struggled
with this
14%
43%
44%
yes, this is a current
struggle
yes, this was a struggle
in the past
no, I have not struggled
with this
0%
22%
35%
19%
19%
daily
multiple times per
week
a few times per
month
every few months
less often
1%
15%
35%
26%
21%
daily
multiple times per
weeka few times per
month
every few months
less often
yes
56%no
21%
not sure
23%
yes
33%
no
41%
not sure
26%
Youth Pastor
Pastor
Frequency Addicted?
Frequency Addicted?
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P ’ I t Mi i t 33
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Porn’s Impact on Ministry
For these items, please rate them according to whether each is true of your personal experience using
pornography.
44%
18%
31%
46%
14%
27%
12%
9%
YOUTH PASTOR
PASTOR
very true somewhat true not really true not at all true
The use of porn negatively impacted my ministry
BASE: Pastors Who Currently Use Porn
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If Ch h Fi d O t it P t i U i P 35
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If a Church Finds Out its Pastor is Using Porn…
What do you think should be done if a church finds out that its pastor is using pornography?
41% adult Christians think that pastors should be fired or asked to resign if they are
found to be using porn. Younger Christians are more likely to take a lenient approach.
41%
29%
16%
5%
5%
4%
he should be fired or asked to resign
he should be asked to take a leave of absence until he is no longer using it
he should be allowed to teach and be given the help he needs to deal with it
nothing; no action should be taken by the church
other
he may remain on staff but no longer teach
35%
23% 20%
11% 10%
1%
27%32%
24%
4% 4%
10%
47%
30%
13%
4% 4% 2%
57%
25%
6% 5%7%
0%
he should be fired or asked
to resign
he should be asked to take a
leave of absence until he is
no longer using it
he should be allowed to
teach and be given the help
he needs to deal with it
nothing; no action should be
taken by the church
other he may remain on staff but
no longer teach
Millennials (25-30) Gen-Xers (31-50) Boomers (51-69) Elders (70 plus)
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PORN AND CHURCHES
The Porn Phenomenon
36
P d Ch h 37
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Porn and Churches
The vast majority of the faith community, including leaders and laity, believe
pornography is a bigger problem in the Church than it was two decades ago.
• 93% of pastors and 94% of youth pastors say it is a much bigger or
somewhat bigger problem than it was in the past.
More than half of youth pastors have had at least one teen come to them for
help in dealing with porn in the past 12 months.• Although teens seeking help are mainly teen boys, there is still a significant
amount of teen girls seeking help from youth pastors.
Men of all ages and stages, but especially married men, are coming to pastors
for help with pornography struggles.
Despite the awareness of the problem, most churches do not have programs
specifically designed to assist those struggling with porn use.
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P C d t 20 38
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Porn Compared to 20 years ago
In your view, how does the issue of pornography compare to 20 years ago, specifically for the "Church" in
America?
The vast majority of the faith community, including leaders and laity, believe that
pornography is a bigger problem in the Church than it was two decades ago.
23%
51%
75%
70%
34%
24%
19%
23%
33%
20%
6%
7%
10%
6%
1%
Non-PracticingChristian
Practicing Christian
Youth Pastor
Pastor
Pornography compared to 20 years ago, specifically for the "Church”
a much bigger problem a somewhat bigger problem about the same smaller issue
38
T St li i th Ch h 39
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Teens Struggling in the Church
In the past 12 months, how many teens have come to you for help in dealing with porn?
Which types of youth have sought help in dealing with pornography?
More than half of youth pastors have had at least one teen come to them for help in
dealing with porn in the past 12 months. Although teens seeking help are mainly boys,
there is still a significant amount of girls seeking help from youth pastors.
32%
50%
9% 7% 3%
0 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 24 25+
92%
57%
23%10%
high school boys middle school boys high school girls middle school girls
In the past 12 months, how many teens have come to you for help in dealing with porn?
Which types of youth have sought help in dealing with pornography?
39
Ad lts Str ggling in the Ch rch 40
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Adults Struggling in the Church
Men of all ages and stages, but especially married men, are coming to pastors forhelp with pornography struggles.
59%
36%
33%
29%
5%
5%
4%
married men
unmarried men
teenage boys
none of these
married women
unmarried women
teenage girls
Pastors: who has sought help in dealing with pornography from your congregation?
40
Who Is Struggling in the Church?
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6%
10%
2%
8%
15%
20%
2%
2%
10%
15%
6%
2%
5%
3%
21%
23%
21%
11%
7%
15%
61%
42%
43%
87%
84%
81%
daily weekly once or twice a month less often never
Who Is Struggling in the Church?
59%
36%
33%
29%
5%
5%
4%
married men
single men
teenage boys
none of these
married women
single women
teenage girls
Pastors: sought help in dealing with porn from your congregation How Often Do Practicing Christians Actively Seek Out Porn
Men of all ages and stages, but especially married men, are coming to pastors forhelp with pornography struggles.
Church Programs for Porn Use 42
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Church Programs for Porn Use
Most churches do not have programs specifically designed to assist those struggling with
porn use.
9% 44% 47%
yes no not sure
Does your church currently run a program specifically designed to assist those struggling with porn?
42
yes,
7%
no,
93%
Pastors:
Adults:
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QUESTIONS & DISCUSSION
The Porn Phenomenon
43
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Questions about the research,
please contact:
David Kinnaman
President
Roxanne Stone
Editor in Chief