the polytechnic, ibadan polytechnic, ibadan faculty of science national conference 2014 science,...
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THE POLYTECHNIC, IBADAN FACULTY OF SCIENCE
NATIONAL CONFERENCE 2014
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY: THE
IMPERATIVES FOR NATIONAL TRANSFORMATION
ABSTRACTS
SUB-THEME: AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Length- Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Tilapia zilli and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in
Epe Lagoon, Nigeria.
BOLARINWA,J.B Department of Fisheries Technology,
Lagos State Polytechnic, P.M.B 21606, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT The length-weight relationships and condition factor ‘K’ of 435 specimens of Tilapia zilli and Chrysichthys
nigrodigitatus of Epe Lagoon were investigated for 6 months (May-October, 2013). Result showed that the growth
patterns of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus,and Tilapia zilli were described by the formula Log W = 1.750 + 3.09 log TL
and log W = 0.90 +2.49 log TL respectively. A high positive correlation coefficient ’r’ of 0.86 existed between the
length and weight of T.zilli while that of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus was 0.96. The b value of T.zilli was 2.49
showing the growth pattern was negatively allometric while that of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus was nearly isometric at
3.09 (T-test showed there was no significant difference from 3.0 at P< 0.05). K factor of 2.50 was recorded for T.zilli
while that of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus was 1.08. The fact that k value of Tilapia zilli was higher than that of
Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus showed higher suitability of Epe lagoon for the former. There is therefore a need to conduct
a more indepth research on the physiochemical parameters of the lagoon in view of the nearness to industrial areas of
Ikorodu and the highly anthropogenic activities around the lagoon. Future study on length-weight relationships should
span up to 12 months to cover the two hydrological cycles.
Keywords: Allometry, condtion factors, length-weight relationships, species composition.
Medicinal Prospects of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis)
*APONJOLOSUN B.S. and FASOLA TAIYE R.
Botany Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State.
*Correspondence: [email protected] Traditional medicine as a major African socio-cultural heritage has been in existence for hundreds of years. The
incorporation of traditional medicine with orthodox medicine into the national health care scheme will promote a new
health agenda. Aloe barbadensis is frequently used in herbal medicine and many of its uses have been scientifically
studied. Its extracts are useful in treating skin allergies, wounds, burns, hemorrhoids and diabetes; also as laxative, anti-
helminthes and uterine stimulant (menstrual regulator). It is rich in all vitamins except vitamin D; has 8 enzymes, 12
phenolic compounds, 20 amino acids, 4 plant steroids, 2 hormones, sugars, minerals, etc. Its historical, culinary,
commodity, ethnomedicinal uses and some scientific validations about its biological activities, pharmacological studies
and potential clinical benefits are discussed in order to encourage more researches on its underlying functional
properties which may help in curing acute diseases like Cancer, AIDS and Tuberculosis.
Keywords: Aloe barbadensis, Ethnomedicine, Scientific validations.
Farmers’ Participation in Pig Production Technology in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zones of Oyo State,
Nigeria
ADELEKE, O.A
Department of Agricultural Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
[email protected],+2348038079312
ABSTRACT This paper examines farmers’ participation in pig production technology in Ogbomoso agricultural zones of Oyo state.
Thirty pig farmers were interviewed through the use of structured interview schedule and questionnaires, data were
analysed using frequencies, percentages and chi-square. It was found that majority of the respondents were male and
involved in small scale enterprise of pig production while most of them got information about pig production
technology on radio. Almost all the respondents were aware of various technologies used in pig production but they
participated more in the use of exotic breeds, deworming, control of ectoparasites, culling and use of iron dextrin for
piglets. High cost of inputs, insufficient capital and unavailability of extension agents were some of the constraints
faced in the use of these technologies. Sex, level of education and year of experience were significantly related to level
of participation in pig production technology. It was recommended that there should be more contacts to the farmers by
extension agents to get reliable information on various technologies that can boost their production.
Moringa oleifera Seeds- A Review of the Effect of Heat Treatment During Extraction on its Oil
Characteristics and Yield. *OLADEJI J. O. ABIONA, D.L. . BOLANLE E.O.
Chemistry Department, The Polytechnic, Ibada
*Corresponding author: email: [email protected] Tel: 08064822166
ABSTRACT Moringa oleifera Lam, ( Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and
subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain
a profile of important minerals, and are a good source of protein, vitamins, beta-carotene, amino acids and various
phenolics. The seeds, sometimes removed from more mature pods and eaten like peas or roasted like nuts, contain high
levels of vitamin C and moderate amounts of B vitamins and dietary minerals. Mature seeds of Moringa yield 38–40%
edible oil called ben oil from its high concentration of behenic acid. Oil from moringa seeds is used in foods, perfume,
and hair care products, and as a machine lubricant. Several authors have used different methods and solvents to extract
oil from moringa seeds, most of which involves heating at different temperatures. Heat is believed to have effect on the
oil and its yield one way or the other. This work reviews the effect of heat treatment on the characteristics of the oil and
the oil yield by comparing the work done by different authors. This is important to determine the quality of the oil
produced, and also to know the economic implication of each method. Thus, the best of the methods can be adhered to,
and a new method of extraction could be developed to make up for the deficiencies of these existing methods.
Species Composition and Socioeconomic Status of the Fisherfolks of Ofin Water Side, Lagos Lagoon,
Nigeria
BOLARINWA,J.B Department of Fisheries Technology,
Lagos State Polytechnic, P.M.B 21606, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT:
A survey of species composition and Socioeconomic status of fisherfolks of Ofin waterside, Lagos lagoon, Nigeria were
conducted for 6 months(July-December, 2012). Findings revealed the predominance of seven fishes viz Chrysichthys
nigrodigitatus, Tilapia aurea, Polydactylus quadrifilis, Mugil cephalus, Pomadasy jubelini,Cynoglossus cynoglossus
and Sphyraena piscatorum.There was comparatively lower catches of fish in October especially Polydactylus quadrifilis
probably due to increased water level and lowered salinity. Result of socioeconomic characteristics of the fisherfolks
showed high level of illiteracy among the male-dominated fishing population (most of whom are Yorubas). About 72%
of them were between age of 21 and 41years.Ninety five percent of the fisher folks claimed ignorance of fishing laws.
Over 40% of the fisher folks used cast nets, 37.5% used gillnets with mesh sizes lower than 1 inch, thus resulting in
indiscriminate catching of fishes. Ninety two per cent of the fisher folks were into full-time fishing, mainly in the rainy
season. Half of the fisher folks used motorised boats which enables deeper entry inshore. Nearly 70% fished in pairs
while a mere 4% fished singly. Major challenges include stormy/windy weather, erosion, restricted access to credit,
inadequacy of fishing inputs, poor infrastructures and poor storage facilities, hence the need for more governmental
intervention especially in terms of training, extension services and provision of infrastructural facilities.
Keywords: Species composition, fisherfolks, socioeconomics, infrastructure, challenges, lagoon.
Effect of Motorcycle (Okada) Transportation on Agribusiness in Saki West Local Government Area of
Oyo State. 1SALAU M. A., JIMOH A.R. AND
2SALAWU M. B.
1Department of Agricultural Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Saki Campus.
2Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology,
Moore Plantation, Ibadan.
Authors Correspondence: [email protected] (0802 062 5907)
ABSTRACT Motorcycle transportation (Okada) has boosted transportation and contributed in no small measure to the accessibility to
the remote rural areas in many regions in Nigeria. This study examines the role played by Okada on Agribusiness
activities in Saki West Local Government area of Oyo state. The data was collected using Multistage Sampling
technique for the study and a total of 194 respondents were used for the analyses. Tables, frequencies and percentages
was used to explain the respondents’ social economics characteristics while chi-square analyses was used to determine
factors that influence the use of Motorcycle utilization for the Agribusiness in the study area. The results revealed
55.18% of the respondent to be male and 59.79% were married and with no formal education. Majority’s primary
occupation was yam flour marketing and utilized motorcycle as a means of transportation due to, its affordability and
for easy penetration to the remote area. It was found out that insecurity and road accidents were associated with
motorcycle transportation while, the Chi-square analysis identified factors such as; age, marital status, education level to
influence the respondents’ decision to utilize motorbike for Agribusiness activities. It is hereby recommended that, the
Agribusiness Retailers and Motorcycle Riders Association should work together to solve their common problems such
as; insecurity and persistence road accidents.
Keywords: Motorcycle, Transportation, Agribusiness, Utilization, Saki west.
Effect of Waste Water Irrigation on the Growth and Yield of Fluted Pumkin (Telfaira occidentialis
Hoof)
SANUSI, B.A, IBRAHIM, S.O, LAWAL, B.M, AND ADEYOLANU A.S Department of Agricultural and Bio- Environmental Engineering,
The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT
This study examines the response of fluted pumpkin (Telfaira occidentialis Hoof) to waste water under furrow
irrigation. The experimental farm was divided into 5 plots. The characteristics of the soil at the site before and after the
experiment were determined. The crop coefficients (Kc) of fluted pumpkin were also determined. A hydraulic weighing
Lysimeter was used to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETcrop) while meteorological data from weather station
at Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme (OYSADEP), Saki, Oyo State was used to compute reference crop
evapotranspiration (ETo) data. The parameters monitored during the experiment are leaf index area; stem growth and
average vegetative growth. The crop coefficients (Kc) obtained for fluted pumpkin during the growing period ranges
between 0.4 to 0.6, 0.21 to 0.32 for leaf index area, and 17 to 26 for the leaf growth. The experimental results shows that
waste water had a significant effect on the growth of fluted pumpkin and also increased the nutrients uptake of the crop
during the growth.
KEY WORDS: Fluted pumpkin, treatment, Wastewater, Crop coefficients, Leaf index area, Vegetative growth.
Effect of ICTs on the Marketing of Poultry Product in Yewa Division of Ogun State, Nigeria. 1BABATUNDE, K.M., MUSLIM, A., OLAOGUN, Y. A. AND AKANDE A. A.
1Department of Agricultural Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Saki Campus.
Authors Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The Study investigated the effect of ICT on poultry Product Marketing in Yewa Division of Ogun State, Nigeria.
Structure questionnaire was used to elicit information from a population of 35 respondents, using interview schedule.
Descriptive statistics was used to analyze socioeconomic characteristics and to explain the significance of ICTs on
poultry marketing in the study Area. The result of the study shows 57.1% of the respondents to be male, married
(51.4%), and 40% were 36-45 years of age. Findings also revealed that the respondents’ source of information on
marketing was through television (94.3%), radio (85.7%) and 68.6% through friends. High level of mobile phones and
low level of internet utilization was recorded among the poultry marketers. The major problems encountered in the
usage of ICT for marketing include; maintenance cost, lack of electricity and poor Network Connectivity. It is hereby
recommended that, the poultry marketers association should pool resources together and hire expert to train them on the
use of internet to boost the poultry market network.
Keywords: ICTs, Poultry, Marketing, marketing information, Yewa.
Physico-Chemical Characterization Result of Jatropha Curcas oil and its Biodiesel Derivative
OLALUDE C. B , EJITOLA Z. A and ADEGBOYEGA, A.M
Department of Chemistry, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
ABSTRACT Jatropha curcas oil is a vegetable oil base fuel that can run in an unmodified engine, be it a car, bus, truck or boat.
Biodiesel is also one of the most thoroughly tested alternative fuels in the market. The characterization of biodiesel, the
advantages and application of biodiesel, as an alternative to fuel was shown. The oil of Jatropha Curcas was extracted
from the seed using a soxhet extractor and n-hexane as the solvent. The crude vegetable oil was subjected to a trans-
esterification process. For the first step of the reaction which was acid esterification reaction methanol was used as the
alcohol and 2% of concentrated H2SO4 as the catalyst at 650c for 5 hours. For the base esterification reaction, Methanol
was used as the alcohol, and potassium hydroxide was the catalyst at 65oc for 3 hours. The physico- chemical properties
of the crude oil of Jatropha seed and the its biodiesel derivative were calculated. The values of crude oil were 6.69,
3.35, 0.871, 192.54, 101.52, 1.82, 240, 16, 8, and 27.11 respectively for percentage oil yield, relative density, acid
value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value and viscosity for the crude oil, while those for the Biodiesel oil
were 0.48, 0.24, 0.873, 190, 93, 1.92, 175, 13, 8, and 4.8 respectively. The result conformed to the international
standard, ASTM D6751, and EN 14214 for Biodiesel. The properties of Jatropha Curcas biodiesel oil were closer to
the biodiesel specifications of the international standards.
Linear Programming Model for Optimum Farm Plan
OLAYIWOLA M. A. and JIMOH A. R. 1Department of Mathematics, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Saki Campus.
ABSTRACT
The paper is on the development of linear programming model i.e. how a farmer can make use of available resources to
achieve maximum net farm returns. The paper focus on the raw data from one hundred and two farmers in some
selected local government of Oyo North, through a well structure questionnaire by the assistance of FADAM. The
result shows that land and seed/planning materials were the only limited resources. In the optimum farm plan, yam and
cassava were included in the plan and therefore are to be given priority at the location, to improve productivity and
income of the farmers.
Keywords: Model, Optimum, Plan, Linear programming
Assessment of Geology and Mineral Resources of Oyo State
Ayinla, F. M. Geology Department
The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
ABSTRACT Oyo State lies in the south-western part of Nigeria. Underlain by three lithological units of the crystalline basement
complex, comprising: Migmatite-Gneiss Complex (quartzite, gneissic rocks), Low to medium grade metasediments
(Green schists facies, namely quartz schist and mica schist) and the Pan African Granitoids (older granites) which are
syn to late tectonic intrusions. With these composite of rocks, Oyo State has various minerals ranging from metallic,
non-metallic, industrial minerals to various grades of gemstones. Prior discoveries made the northern portion of Oyo
State to be predominantly underlain by complex pegmatite, which harbour a lot of gemstones ranging from Aquamarine,
Tourmaline, Agate and industrial minerals like Tantalite, Marble, Talc and Granites of various forms. Later discoveries
point to Ibadan axis where metallic minerals, e.g. gold, and gemstones like Aquamarine, Amethyst, Tourmaline, and
industrial minerals like Tantalite and Sillimante, have been discovered in economic form. Geochemical explorations are
being carried out as a follow up to the airborne geophysical survey that has been conducted by the Nigerian Geological
Survey Agency, to actualize the mineralization of different minerals. The exploitation of these mineral resources will
greatly transform the socioeconomic status of the state and her residents.
SUB-THEME: TRADE AND INDUSTRY
On the Analysis of Sectoral Distribution of Commercial Banks’ Loans and Advances in
Nigeria
J.T OLAJIDE , I.F. OYENUGA O.A. AYANSOLA & O.A ADESINA Mathematics and Statistics Department, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan.
ABSTRACT One of the objectives of commercial banks is to give credits. Using the simple linear regression model, this study seeks to
investigate the sectoral distribution on Commercial Banks’ loans and advances in Nigeria between 1960 and 2011. The
results revealed that loan granted on Manufacturing and Real Estate are significant and has a positive impact while the
loan granted on Agriculture and Mining are insignificant with a negative impact on the loan grated by the banks. Also
there is a strong linear relationship between the variables. We also observed that about 99.7% of the total variation of
the total loan granted is explained by the regressor. Results from the present study indicate that there is need to provide
more credit facilities to Agriculture and Mining sectors so as to increase productivity in the country.
Keywords: Linear Regression, credits, Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing, Commercial banks
Social Economic Benefits of Resort Centers on Tourism Growth in the Hotel Industry
FASHAKIN J. F. Department of Hospitality Management
Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu [email protected]
ABSTRACT Resort may be simply defined as an accommodation facility that is related with recreational activities. This implies
place to make social contacts, attend social occasion and improve health and fitness. Resorts make the environment
more beautiful and add amenities to attract customers. The difference between a resort and a conventional hotel can be
described in term of the guest purpose in staying at the facility. The guest at resort does visits for relaxation or
recreation in contrast to the guest who stay at the conventional hotel. There is a growing concern for tourism all over the
world. Development of tourism sector contributes greatly to a nation’s economy if properly managed. This paper
examines how resort centers can contribute to tourism thereby enhancing economic and social development of a nation.
Relevant academic literature was adopted to access and confirm the inherent ability of the resort center’s to the tourism
sector to contribute towards economic and social development of a nation. The sector has vested interest in creating
inclusive business models, developing human capital, building institutional capacity, infrastructure and superstructure
development, etc. It is widely recognized that tourism is an important factor that is directly linked and can contribute to
the development of a nation economy.
Branding: An Enhancement for Sales Promotion in The Industry
OLANIYAN SULAIMON OLANREWANJU
Department Of Leisure and Tourism Management
Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu
ABSTRACT
Branding is the identity of an organization in the market place; the company’s image is all about the appearance of the
packaging. Packaging always has either a negative or positive influence on the purchaser. A negative impression can
detour a potential customer, just as a positive reaction can influence a customer to buy. A time to pay special attention
to packaging is when there is a launch of a "new" brand. This study focused on Enhancing sales through Branding in the
Hospitality Industry. Response of staff and guests of selected hotel on possibility of branding to enhance sales
promotion in the hotel industry was elicited. Ninety per cent of the respondent agreed that branding can influence
customer to patronize an establishment while 10% does not. Eighty five per cent of the respondent agrees that branding
can have a positive effect on sales of a company product while 15% disagree. It is important that an organization
understand the needs and want of their customers and prospects. They can do this by integrating their branding
strategies through their company at every point of public contact.
Hygiene control a means for profit maximization in the hospitality industry
OSHO A.S. Department of Hospitality Management technology
Lagos State Polytechnic.
ABSTRACT
Waste means rubbish or materials that are not needed and are economically unusable without further processing. Waste
has been a major channel of draining the overall income of the business and if not adequately brought under control, can
wreck the business. Waste occurs through improper storage, faulty purchasing, poor portion control transportation of
food materials, bad equipment, lack of skilled staff etc. Waste is readily affecting hotel business and natural economy
negatively because the total profit expected for any particular business will be reduced due to wastage that occurred.
This paper examines the effect of hygiene control in our various hospitality industries and how waste can be minimized
to produce profit in our industries. In achieving the expected profit in an hospitality industry, the paper advocates that
emphasis should be placed on food cost controlling as waste in the kitchen cannot be totally erased during food
production but can only be controlled. It is important for hotel industry or kitchen operators to control ways in which
waste can occur so that “Profit” which is the aim of every organization can be achieved.
Cultural Festivals: Socio - Benefit of Local Festival in the Promotion of Tourism Growth
in Nigeria
OLORUNFEMI A.A. Department of Hospitality Management technology
Lagos State Polytechnic.
ABSTRACT
Cultural Tourism is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. It is almost impossible to examine religion and its
specific relationship to tourism in areas like economic, social and cultural. Just as Nigeria has various tourism
destination so also is the country diverse in its ethnic and cultural composition. Apart from the main tribal groupings of
Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba, we also have other important large tribes such as Kanuri, Nupe, Urhobo, Ijaw, Fulani, Efik,
Edo, Ibibio etc.The practice of cultural tourism is so well entrenched in Nigeria that it may require a significant research
and documentation of its own in order to fathom the role played in inter-ethnic relationship such as marriage, bounds of
friendship, kinship etc. Like most things in Nigeria, cultural tourism is a very complex and rich aspect of our life which
is not receiving the attention or analysis it deserves. The present paper is a reassessment of the increasing linkages and
interconnections between shared sacred and secular spaces on a global stage and also to explore key points from a range
of contemporary case studies of religious and pilgrimage activity related to ancient, sacred and emerging tourist
destinations and new forms of pilgrimage, faith systems and quasi- religious activities.
Franchising: A Tool for Promoting Business in the Hospitality Industry.
ABIDOYE C.
Dept. of Hospitality Management Technology
Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu
ABSTRACT Franchising, from recent developments is on the verge of emerging as a veritable business vehicle for investment spread
and promotion as established and indigenous franchise concepts and brands turn their attention to the opportunities
provided by franchising for growth and expansion. A strong brand is invaluable as the battle for customers’ patronage
grows daily. It is important to spend time investing in researching, defining, and building one’s brand. An
organization’s brand is the source of a promise to her consumer. This paper evaluates the role of Franchising in
Promoting Business in the Nigerian Hospitality Industry.
Keywords: Franchisor, Franchising, Organization, Customer, Employees, Investors, Advertise, Marketing, Symbol.
Essentials of the Oil and Gas Industry: The Fundamental Issues of the Global Oil and Natural Gas
Business
1OLATINWO I. O.,
1OLAGUNJU P. D.,
2ODEWUMI T.O. and
3SAKA W.L.
1Department of Civil Engineering,The Polytechnic, Ibadan.Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus, Eruwa.
2Department of Civil Engineering,The Polytechnic. Ibadan.Main campus.
3Onward ProfessionalTraining Institute, Ibadan.
ABSTRACT
Oil and gas are amongst the most import resources we have in Nigeria. Apart from providing the majority of our energy,
petroleum is used to create countless products upon which we rely in every part of our lives. It is not surprising, then,
that the oil and gas industry is a principal driver of the global economy. The system and processes used to produce and
commercialize oil and gas are complex, involving large amounts of capital, state of the Art Technology and Vast
numbers of skilled personnel serving supply chains that span the globe. The oil and gas industry also poses significant
and diverse risks and opportunities for the organizations working along its supply chains.As the global oil and gas
industry continues to evolve unabated, it can sometimes seem impossible to keep up with the myriad of changes,
especially when it comes to dealing with contractual issues. This paper has carefully designed how to overcome those
challenges, by equipping oil and gas investors with the essential to the mechanics of commercial issues and negotiation
frameworks.The paper explores the processes of selling, trading and marketing gas and petroleum products, before
finishing with a survey of environmental and geopolitical risk and opportunities and an assessment of the industry’s
future
Keywords: Oil and Gas industry; Exploration and production; Key performance indicators.
SUB-THEME: FOOD SECURITY AND BIOSCIENCES
Determination of Heavy Metals in Some Milk and Milk Products in Nigeria.
ABIONA, D.L. and OMOYEYE, O, C. Chemistry Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
Corresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Milk is considered as a nearly complete food .It is a good source of protein, fat and major minerals. Milk and milk
products are the most diversified of the natural foodstuffs in terms of composition. Heavy metals are intrinsic, natural
constituents of our environment. Contamination of food products by heavy metals is becoming an unavoidable problem.
Metals that may contaminate feeds and environment such as cadmium, chromium, nickel and cobalt could enter into
milk at various levels and could cause serious health problems. Milk and milk products are widely consumed by a vast
majority, and thus it is necessary to estimate the potential health risk in their consumption. This study analyzed heavy
metals in three tin evaporated milk, and raw cow milk. Milk products; specifically yoghurt, butter, and cheese were also
analyzed. The samples were digested with perchloric acid and nitric acid, and were analyzed for nickel, lead, zinc,
cadmium, copper, chromium and iron using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Zinc, copper and iron were
detected in all the samples (0.02 – 0.05 mg/L, 0.1 – 0.3 mg/L, 1.8 – 12.1 mg/L respectively). Cadmium and chromium
were not detected in any of the samples. Nickel and lead were detected in two of the yoghurt samples (0.01 mg/L in
each), and also in the cheese sample (0.02 and 0.01 mg/L respectively).
Effect of Blanching on Chemical Composition of Trifoliate Yam (D. Dumetorum) Flour and Sensory
Properties of its Paste (Amala).
ADEDOKUN, S.O, JIMOH K.O AND AZEEZ L.A. Department of Food Science and Technology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Saki Campus.
Email: [email protected]. Tel: 08135927787
ABSTRACT Trifoliate yam (D. dumetorum) often called “Esuru” in Yoruba Language has relatively higher nutritional value
compared to D.rotundata and D.alata varieties, but it is believed to be underutilized due to its high bitter taste.
Trifoliate yam was processed into flour by varying processing condition (Blanching Temperature and Time) with the
aim of evaluating the processing effect on its chemical composition. Freshly harvested trifoliate yam tubers were
washed, peeled and subjected to blanching at 80OC for 15min, 25min, 35min, and 45min.Flour obtained from samples
produced from varied blanching time were analysed for proximate, minerals and antinutrients contents. Blend of
trifoliate yam flour (80OC/35min) temp/time combination was blended with conventional yam flour (D. rotundata flour)
at 100:0%, 80:20%; 70:30%, 60:40% and 50:50%. The mix was made into paste and subjected to sensory evaluation.
Result indicated that there was a significant decrease in the protein (3.20 – 2.80%), Ash (2.27 – 1.33%) and Fiber (0.87-
0.50%) content of samples over the blanching time. Mineral content reduced as the blanching time increased for Na
(268.33 – 211.69 mg/100g), K (15.67 – 10.33mg/100g), Fe (2.00 – 1.53mg/100g), Mg (13.67 – 11.33mg/100g).
Similarly the anti-nutritional factors Alkaloids (2.50 – 1.17mg/100g), Tannin (18.33 – 10.33mg/100g), Saponin (10.67-
7.83mg/100g) and Phenol (21.17 – 13.33mg/100g) reduced progressively as the blanching time increased. Trifoliate
yam substituted with 40% D. rotundatayam flour was the most rated in terms of taste and overall acceptability.
Substituting conventional yam flour with trifoliate yam could improve its utilization for traditional yam flour paste
(“Amala”).
Key words: Trifoliate yam, Blanching Temperature, Time, Sensory evaluation
Selected Mineral Composition of Eucalyptus globulus Leaves (Traditionally Used To Treat Diabetes).
JAWONISI .O .I.1*, AJAYI .S.A.
2, AYINLA,.J.S.
1
1Department of Applied Science , Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna,Kaduna State, Nigeria.
2Department of Food Science & Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Micronutrients have been reported as potential preventive and treatment agents for diabetes and its common
complications. Quantitative estimation of selected minerals of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus was carried out in this
study. Detection and Estimation of the minerals was done using the X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. Calcium;2.81-
2.90%, potassium;1.81-2.57%, iron;0.16-0.22%, chromium;0.12-0.13%, manganese;0.11-0.13%, nickel;0.02-0.03%,
zinc;0.01-0.02% were detected in the samples of the leaf of Eucalyptus globulus analyzed. The result obtained in this
study revealed appreciable amount of some of the inorganic elements found to be beneficial for the treatment and
management of diabetes mellitus. It further gave credence to the antihyperglycaemic activity of the leaves of Eucalyptus
globulus
Key words: Antihyperglycaemia, diabetes mellitus, Eucalyptus globulus, minerals.
Effect of Processing Methods on the Phytochemical and Anti Nutrient Properties of Kenya Leaf
(Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)
BABALOLA, J.O1, ADEBAYO, O.M.
1, OPOOLA, O.O.
2 AZEEZ R.F
1, BAMISAYE, Y. O
1
1Department of Food Science and Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan. P.M.B 021. Saki, Oyo State.
2 Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Corresponding:E mail [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Green leafy vegetables (GLV) plays a vital role in the food culture of Nigerians and Africans as a whole. The freshly
harvested Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves were subjected to different processing techniques such as blanching, boiling
and sapping. Phytochemical content (saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and carotenoids) and anti-nutrients
content (oxalate, phytate and tannin) in the leaves were determined using AOAC methods. The saponin content
increased from 225.00mg/100g in freshly harvested leaves to 243.33mg/100g in boiled leaves. Alkaloids and flavonoids
content significantly (p˂0.05) decreased from 108.33mg/100g and 260.00mg/100g, respectively in freshly harvested
leaves to 83.33mg/100g in boiled leaves and 183.33mg/100g in sapped leaves, respectively. Phenolic, which is
measured at garlic acid equivalent, decreased from 25.50mg/100g fresh leaves to 12.17mg/100g in boiled leaves.
Carotenoids significantly decreased from 1906.67 ± 5.77μg/100g in freshly harvested leaves to 1840.00μg/100g in
blanched leaves. Processing significantly decreased the antinutrients in leaves; oxalate ranged from 78.33mg/100g in
freshly harvested leaves to 35.00mg/100g and 31.67mg/100g in boiled and solid leaves, respectively. Phytate decreased
significantly (p˂0.05) from 50.00mg/100g in fresh leaves to 15.33mg/100g in boiled leaves, while the tannin content
significantly decreased from 66.67mg/100g in fresh leaves to 19.33 mg/100g in boiled leaves. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius
leaves could be a rich source of phytochemicals, if it is being well processed to reduce its anti-nutritional content.
Key Words: phytochemical, antinutrient, Processing Method, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, AOAC
Chemical composition and sensory quality of ‘Lafun’ produced from Cassava fermented with scent
leaf.
OLUWASHOLA O. ELUTILO*, OLUBOLA A. ALABI, ADEBUKOLA K.
BABALOLA, OLUWOLE A ADEOTI, AZEEZ A.LUKMAM. Department of Food Science and Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Saki Campus.Oyo-state
E-mail; [email protected]
ABSTRACT Cassava (Manihot esculenta ) is known to be composed largely of carbohydrate with very little protein and micro
nutrients. Cassava root diet can cause protein-energy malnutrition. The most common food products from cassava
include Garri, Lafun, Fufu, etc. Lafun is a fibrous powdery form of cassava obtained from its fermentation .The co-
fermentation of cassava with some vegetables has been observed to increase the macro nutrients content of its product.
Scent leaf (Occimum qratissimum) is a traditional vegetable condiment used to enhance flavor and nutritional qualities
of food. Lafun was produced from cassava fermented with varying amount of scent leaf (O. qratissmun) powder (1.0g,
2.0g, 3.0g, 4.0g and5.0g).The chemical and sensory properties were investigated. It was observed that cassava
fermented with O. qratissimum enhanced the chemical composition of the Lafun. Protein increased from 1.02 -1.52%,
fat 0.2 -0.5%, Carbohydrate 86.9 - 88.2%. It was also established that there is increase in the minerals and vitamins
content of the Lafun. Lafun obtained from cassava fermented with scent leaf at 1.0g -3.0g had the best overall
acceptability. Hence fermenting cassava with scent leaf can increase the chemical composition of Lafun thereby
reducing the problem of macronutrients deficiencies in the diet.
KEYWORD; Cassava , scent leaf, fermentation ,micro nutrients, deficiency, vitamins
Influence of Sorghum Stalk Extract on Chemical Composition, Shelf Life Stability and Sensory
Properties of Warankasi.
OLUBOLA A. ALABI*, KAZEEM O. JIMOH, OLUWASHOLA O.ELUTILO,
ADEBUKOLA K. BABALOLA. Department of Food Science and Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Saki Campus.Oyo-state.
E-mail; [email protected].
ABSTRACT Traditional cheese (Warankasi) is usually produced from milk as a way of preserving the nutrient of milk. Warankasi is
the product of coagulation and whey separation of milk cream with minimal shelf stability at ambience. Sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) also called guinea corn is the fourth important cereal grain. It contains masses of leaf
sheaths with rusty coloured pigment, parchment-like wrapping called sorghum stalk which surrounds the stems. It has
less than 1% fat, waxes and anti-nutritional factor. Sorghum stalk extract is commonly added to warankasi in Saki
environs for subjective reasons of preservation and aesthetic appeal. Fresh cow milk obtained from Sokoto gudali cattle
in saki was coagulated using 10ml of Sodom apple leaves (Calotropis procera ), after boiling for 40minutes to obtain
warankasi. This was boiled in sorghum stalk extract and water in varying concentrations ( sorghum stalk extract: water
v/v); 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and control sample. Chemical composition, anti-nutritional content, shelf life
and sensory properties were done using 9-hedonic scale respectively. It was observed that the protein content (11.43-
12.67%) and fat (41.24-43.65%) contents of Warakanshi increased with increasing concentration of sorghum stalk
extract while ash content (2.81-2.77%)moisture (42.88-41.04%) and carbohydrate composition(1.65-0.42%) decreased.
All samples contained anti-nutritional factor, mostly phytate (1.09-1.32mg), tannin (0.15-0.34mg) and saponin (0.13-
0.05mg); although they were all within permissive safe limit .There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in the taste
and texture of the sample. However, the sample without sorghum extract and 70% extract were preferred by the
Panelists and Warankasi was best stored at refrigerated temperature.
Key words: Chemical composition. Sorghum stalkextract,shelf stability and warankasi.
Microbiolical Status of ‘Iru’ (Fermented Locust Bean) Collected from Major Markets in Saki
Southwest Nigeria
BABALOLA, J.O1.,OPAYINKA.E.O
2., OPOOLA.O.O
3., OKOGHO.G.O
1., ADEOTI.O.A
1.
AZEEZ.L.A1.,ANDAZEEZ.R.O
1.
1Department of Food Science and Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan P.M.B 021. Saki, Oyo State.
2Baptist Medical Laboratory Science,BMC, Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria
3 Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria.
Corresponding E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Fermented locust bean (Parkia bigloboosa) contain protein that is easily digested by making the nutrient available
which solve the problems of malnutrition. The microbial load, moisture content and physical analysess of fermented
locust bean sold at five different markets (Gbawojo(A), Sango(B), Idi –mango(C), Challenge(D) and Kara(E)) in Saki,
Oyo State, Nigeria were carried out. Bacteria isolated was mainly Bacillus spp in sample A, B and D with moisture
content 50.25%, 61.65% and 65.03%, and total bacterial count of 5.11x107cfu/g, 2.57 x10
4cfu/g and 2.57x10
4 cfu/g
respectively. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp were isolated in sample C and E with moisture content 60.10%and
56.64%, with colony count of 1.01x104cfu/g and 2.08x10
5cfu/g respectively. Fungi isolated in sample B and D include
Saccharomyces spp while a mould was isolated in sample E. The result of the study indicates the presence of pathogenic
organism which has the ability to cause disease in human. Hence, optimum care and proper hygiene should be carried
out in the production of African locust bean to ensure high degree of safety and if possible, the production of Iru by
optimized process should be advocated.
Keywords: Fermented locust bean, Microbial loads, Physical Analysis, Moisture content.
Effect of Cooking Utensils on Heavy Metal Content of Cooked Rice
*BAMIGBOYE, Adeola Yewande and ABIOLA, Olusegun Peter Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State; Nigeria
Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The importance of food preparation and processing cannot be over-emphasized. Cooking in various cooking wares can
lead to food contamination as a result of leaching. This study was carried out to analyse the level of contamination of
cooked rice with different pots through leaching. Rice was cooked in triplicates with four different pots namely: clay,
steel, aluminium and stainless steel (both new and old pots), while rice cooked in a glass beaker served as control. The
metal content of the raw and cooked rice samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric
method. Raw rice contained 5.70µg lead, 45.20 µg iron, and 440.00 µg aluminium /g sample. Rice cooked in new and
old aluminium pots contained lead (0.85 and 0.58 µg/g), iron (17.70 and 20.45 µg/g) and aluminium (126.30 and 314.30
µg/g) respectively. The rice cooked in new and old clay pots had 0.73 and 0.35µg/g lead, 16.30 and 47.80µg/g iron, and
132.00 and 195.00µg/g aluminium; while the rice cooked in new and old steel pots contained 0.45 and 0.76µg/g lead,
21.00 and 17.30µg/g iron, and 241.00 and 186.80µg/g aluminium. The new and old stainless steel pots had 2.22 and
2.33µg/g lead, 70.50 and 56.00µg/g iron, and 294.80 and 289.00µg/g aluminium respectively. Rice cooked in beaker
(control) contained 1.25 µg lead, 50.25 µg iron and 259.00 µg aluminium /g. Old pots had significantly higher values of
contaminants compared with the new ones (p<0.05). Stainless steel pots had the highest values of all minerals. The use
of relatively new pots is advocated to reduce level of metal contamination in foods.
Keywords: cook wares, metal contamination, leaching, toxic, food processing.
Effects of Seed-Borne Fungi Associated With Aframomum Melegueta (Rosc) K. Schum on It’s
Biochemical Components.
1BOLANLE, E.O and 2ABIONA, D.L
1Department Of General Studies, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus, Eruwa.
2Department Of Chemistry, The Polytechnic Ibadan.
E-MAIL: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The effects of the seed-borne fungi associated with Aframomum melegueta on its biochemical was compared with those
of the uninnoculated seeds of the crop. Two fungi namely Rhizoctonia bataticola and Aspergillus flavus associated with
Aframomum melegueta were isolated. A. melegueta seeds were autoclaved and inoculated with the mycelium and spores
of those two organisms separately and in combination.After 45 days of incubation, the biochemical components of the
seeds were analysed using standard methods. A considerable variations in the Crude protein, Fat, Ash, Fiber, Free sugar,
starch, Free Fattyacid, Peroxide value and mineral contents was observed between the autoclaved and innoculated seeds
after 45 days of incubation. It was found that in the inoculated seeds, there was an increase effect in the protein, Fat,
Ash, Fiber, Starch and Free Fatty acid content compared with those of uninnoculated seeds. Reducing effects was
recorded for seeds innoculated with the combination of both organism as well as those innoculated singly with A. flavus
on its Fat and peroxide value contents. The isolated fungi also caused an increasing and reducing effects on the mineral
contents of A.melegueta seeds. The different effects on the nutritional components of A. melegueta seeds was probably
due to the various changes which occur as a result of the metabolic activities of these fungi.
KEY WORDS: Aframomum melegueta,Seed borne fungi, biochemical compositions
Hygiene Practices Among Food Vendors in Kaduna Metropolis
HASSAN, A., *AJAYI, S.A. AND ZAKARI, U.M. Food Technology Department, College of Science and Technology .Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
ABSTRACT
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the hygiene practices among food vendors in Kaduna metropolis,
Kaduna state. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to generate the needed information on their socio-economic,
food processing and preservation practices, method of food service, personal and environmental hygiene. Data was
analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Result showed Majority (62.2%) of the food vendors were females within the very
active age of 18-35 years (92.2%) and were mostly (48.5%) single. Seventy six per cent of the vendors have acquired
between secondary and tertiary education. Only 25.6% use deep freezer to preserve food while 50% practiced sun
drying. 50% of the vendors surveyed sell cooked foods and uses food warmer for vending. Although majority (80%)
was found to be physically clean, many (52.2%) were without head cover and food preparation areas were not
satisfactorily kept so also the 63.3% of the eatery places. Many (40%) did not trim their fingernails. The need to create
awareness among food vendors in the metropolis to remain clean, buy fresh food stuff and maintain high level of
hygiene during food preparation and service becomes very necessary to increase consumers’ confidence and safety.
Assessment of Phytonutrients in Five Commonly Consumed Leafy Vegetable in Southwest Nigeria
ADEGBOLA, R.A. ATERE, A.A.
OKE-JOB, S.O.
FOLARIN, G.M.
The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Chemistry Department
Corresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Vegetables have their own unique composition of different vitamins, minerals, enzymes and phytonutrients e.g. beta-
carotene, iron, chlorophyll e.tc. All of which complement each other perfectly making each vegetable excellent nutrition
for the body. These phytonutrients are important components of most food supplements that are gaining fast patronage
in the diet of most Nigerian home. Fresh samples of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), fluted pumpkin leaf (Telfeira
occidentalis), okra leaf (Abelmosschus esculenta), ewedu leaf (Corchorus olitorious) and Amaranthus leaf(Amaranthus
viridis) were collected and identified from National Horticultural Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan. Acetone and petroleum
ether were used to extract chlorophyll and beta-carotene respectively while ammonium thiocyanate and nitric acid were
used to digest iron in the samples. The pigments of beta-carotene and chlorophyll were separated by an alumina packed
column. The extracts and digest was measured using UV/Visible Spectrophotometer. Highest concentration of beta-
carotene which is a precursor for Vitamin-A was observed in ewedu leaf (632.7 ± 15.5µg/100g) and the lowest
concentration was observed in fluted pumpkin leaf. Chlorophyll a, b and c which are antioxidant had their highest
concentration in fluted pumpkin leaf (6.276, 7.632, and 7.283 µg/ml) and lowest concentration in ewedu leaf (1.532,
0.789 and 0.384µg/ml). Iron concentration was highest in fluted pumpkin (6.57 ± 1.56µg/g) and lowest concentration in
okra leaf (0.91 ± 0.72 µg/g).The results showed that these leafy vegetables contain ample amount of micronutrients
which makes them a good source of phytonutrients to the body.
Keywords: Beta-carotene, Chlorophyll and Phytonutrients.
Preservative Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ginger in Wara - A West African Traditional Soft
(Unripened) Cheese
1ADESOKAN I.A,
2EKANOLA Y.A.,
2FAWOLE A.O AND
1ONIFADE D.A
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology and
2Department of Biology,The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT The effect of ethanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on sensory and storage qualities of wara was evaluated.
Pasteurized fresh milk samples were used to prepare wara with 1.6%, 2.4%, 3.2% and 0% ginger extracts (samples A,
B, C and D respectively) incorporated into the samples separately. The wara samples were then fried in hot palm oil as
it is done traditionally and organoleptic properties of the samples were determined by a taste panelist. Also physico-
chemical and microbiological changes during six (6) days storage at ambient tropical temperature (30 ± 2oC) were
determined. Samples A, B and C containing ginger were rated better than the control sample (D). Sample C had the
highest overall acceptability of 4.0 while sample D had the least (2.8). During storage a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in
pH with a corresponding increase in titratable acidity (TA) was recorded for the wara samples. The pH ranged between
4.17 and 6.55 while the TA ranged between 0.018 and 0.099 (mg/100g).The peroxide values (POV) of sample D
increased at a faster rate than samples A, B and C. The POV for sample D after 3 days of storage was 34.15 meq/kg
while that of sample C was 25.33 meq/kg at the end of 6 days storage. Although there was general increase in the
microbial loads (MLs) of all the samples, the MLs of samples A, B and C were significantly lower than that of sample
D. Moreover samples A and B got spoilt by day 4 of storage; sample D by day 3 while sample C was still in good
condition at the end of 6 days storage. This study therefore showed that incorporation of 3.2% ethanolic ginger extract
significantly improved acceptability of wara and increased the shelf life of the product by 3 days.
Dietary Diversity and Body Mass Index of National Diploma Students of Federal Polytechnic, Offa,
Kwara State
KALU K.N1*
, POPOOLA Y.L1
1Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara-State
*Correspondence : [email protected], 08063888720
ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity is on the increase especially in developing countries experiencing nutrition transition. This
study aims at determining the association between dietary diversity of respondents and their body mass index. One
hundred and three national diploma students in their second year were involved in this descriptive cross sectional study
using simple random technique. Food and Agriculture Organization’s dietary diversity questionnaire was administered
based on 16 food groups and anthropometric measurement of height and weight was also determined and their body
mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) classified based on WHO cut-off. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics,
chi-square and pearsons correlation. Ninety-five percent of the respondents had low dietary diversity as compared to
1(1.0) and 4(3.9) that was medium and high respectively. More than half of the respondents had normal weight 67(65.0)
as compared to 22(21.4), 12(11.7) and 2(1.9) that were overweight, underweight and obese. Chi-square result indicateed
that there was no relationship between the dietary diversity and the body mass index of the respondents (P>0.05) but a
strong positive relationship existed between the BMI and weight of respondents (r=0.865, p<0.05). Hence, this study
reveals more on dietary diversity and the prevalence of overweight and obesity of the respondents and also weight as a
risk factor for increased body mass index.
Keywords: Dietary diversity, Body mass index, Obesity, Overweight
Proximate Analysis and Comparative Study of Response of Amaranthus viridis and Corchorous
olitorious to Heavy Metal Contamination
1* OGUNJINMI, OLUWASAYO ESTHER;
2OGUNJINMI SAMSON OGUNTOLA AND
3 OBIDELE
OLABISI RUKAYAT 1 & 3
Chemistry Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. Oyo State, Nigeria 2 Crop Production Technology Department, Oyo State College of Agricultural Technology, Igboora, Oyo State. Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Consumption of leafy vegetable provides health benefits but sometimes may turn out to be the cause of certain health
problem when subjected to stress like pest, drought or heavy metal. Thus, adequate knowledge on their physical
appearance, proximate analysis and heavy metal contaminant is necessary to ensure safety of their consumption. A pot
experiment was conducted on Corchorous olitorious and Amaranthus viridis to study their response to heavy metal
stress. The plants were treated with lead nitrate at 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000ppm treatment concentrations after six
weeks of planting which terminated at eight weeks of planting (8WAP). Height of Amarathus viridis and Corchorous
olitorious per treatment at 6 and 8WAP were found to be 9.68, 10.31, 8.45, 9.23, 9.80 and 10.20, 10.20, 8.50, 9.30, 8.50
respectively. The number of leaves of Corchorous olitorius at 6 and 8WAP per treatment were 8.00, 9.13, 9.25, 12.23,
7.25 and 10.21, 9.50, 10.87, 12.00, 8.00 respectively. Proximate analysis on protein, moisture, fat, ash and crude fibre in
analysed vegetable reveals slight different in value with their control (Oppm). Amount of lead absorb in Corchorous
olitorius plants are: root (Oppm 0.03±0.06, 1000ppm 0.15±0.01, 2000ppm 0.27±0.01, 3000ppm 0.35±0.00, 4000ppm
0.50±0.01) stem (0.01±0.11, 0.05±0.00, 0.08±0.00, 0.15±0.00, 0.22±0.06) leaf (0±0.00, 0.02±0.00, 0.05±0.00,
0.08±0.00 and 1.46±0.00) respectively. However, lead absorbed in Amaranthus viridis were 0.01±0.00, 0.01±0.00,
0.24±0.01, 0.33±0.10, 0.45±0.00 for root, 0±0.00, 0.04±0.01, 0.12±0.00, 0.81±0.01, 0.22±0.01 stem whereas leaf
absorbed 0±0.00, 0.03±0.00, 0.08±0.00, 0.12±0.00, 0.16±0.01. Results from the present study indicated that the
investigated plant samples can tolerate lead stress at low concentrations.
Key words: Amarathus viridis, Corchorous olitorious, WAP, Lead Nitrate
Removal of Heavy Metals by Low Cost Biosorbent – A Review
AKINADE NURUDEEN
Science Laboratory Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan
Tel No: 08032127226
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Heavy metals are recognized as long-term hazardous contaminants because of their high toxicity, accumulation and
retention in human body. A number of efficient methods have been developed for the removal of heavy metals from
liquid wastes such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating ion exchange, membrane processes, etc. however, these
methods have several disadvantages such as unpredictable metal ion removal, high reagent requirement, generation of
toxic sludge, etc. The removal of heavy metals from our environment especially wastewater is now shifting from the use
of conventional adsorbents to the use of biosorbents. Biosorption is a process, which represents a biotechnological
innovation as well as a cost effective tool for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The pollutants of concern
include uranium, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury, gold, silver, copper and nickel which are
toxic heavy metals responsible for causing kidney damage, renal disorder, high blood pressure, bone fraction, and
destruction of red blood cells. The processing of radioactive materials, metal plating, or the manufacture of electrical
equipment, pesticides or preservatives, paints, alloys, batteries are some of the day to day anthropogenic activities.
Hence, easy, effective, economic and eco-friendly techniques are required for fine-tuning of wastewater treatment. The
present review chronicles the bases for the biosorption, mechanism and its necessity for the removal of heavy metals.
Keywords: Biosorption, heavy metals, biosorbents, wastewater, industrial effluent
Prophylactic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Irvingia gabonensis Stem Bark Against Cadmium-Induced
Toxicity In Albino Rats
OJO, O.A *, AJIBOYE, B.O. AND OYINLOYE, B.E. Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, Nigeria
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Phone No: +2347037824647
ABSTRACT The prophylactic effect of ethanolic extract of Irvingia gabonensis(IG)stem bark on cadmium-induced oxidative
damage in male albino rats’ liver was investigated. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, cadmium and treatment
groups. In the prophylactic experiment, IG, (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered by oral gavage for 21
days before exposure to cadmium. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT),
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were then determined in the liver and heart
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were monitored and histological
examination was carried out. Results indicate that cadmium-treated rats had significantly increased relative weight
of liver and heart when compared to controls.Treatment with IG at 200 and 400 mg/kg caused a significant
reduction in relative weight of the organs. In cadmium-induced rats, serum ALT and AST activities and levels of LPO
were increased whereas hepatic and cardiac SOD, CAT and GPx were significantly decreased. Furthermore,
histological alteration in liver and aorta were observed in cadmium untreated rats and were ameliorated in cadmium
treated rats with IG. In conclusion, the extract possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties that eliminate the
deleterious effects of toxic metabolites of cadmium.
Key Words: Antioxidant, cadmium, hepatoprotective, prophylactic, Irvingia gabonensis.
Phytochemical Components and Antimicrobial Properties of Extract of Leaves and Root of Caesalpinia
bonduc
1EKANOLA Y.A,
2*ADESOKAN I.A AND 1OKEMAKIN F.Y
1Department of Biology and
2Department of Science Laboratory Technology,The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Correspondent e-mail address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In this study the antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C) of the extracts of the leaves and roots of
Caesalpinia. bonduc was investigated using the agar diffusion assay. The plant extract was obtained using three
different solvents such as water, methanol and petroleum ether. The results showed that the extract inhibited the test
microorganisms to varying degrees. The extract obtained from methanol had the highest zones of inhibition of 35mm
against Shigella sp. while water extract had the lowest zone of inhibition of 8mm. The M.I.C obtained ranged between
14 and 56mg/ml. The phytochemicals detected in the extracts were tannin, saponin, alkaloids, terpenoids and
flavonoids. The results from this work indicated that extracts from the leaves and roots of this plant could be used to
combat some microorganisms that could be resistant to synthetic antibiotics.
Key words: phytochemicals, antimicrobial properties, Caesalpinia bonduc, M.I.C, zones of inhibition,
agar diffusion assay
In Vitro Activity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Psidium guajava, Nauclea latifolia and
Brophylum pinnatum against Some Selected Pathogenic Bacteria.
1OLATERU C.T.,
2OYERO G.O.,
3ADEGBOLA R.A.
4OGUNJINMI O.E.,
5ATEERE A.
6EGUNYOMI
G., 7
ADEKANMI .I. 1Department Of Biology,The Polytechnic,Ibadan.
2Institute Of Malaria Research ,University College Hospital,Ibadan.
3,4 ,5 Department Of Chemistry,The Polytechnic,Ibadan.
6 ,7. Department Of Biology,The Polytechnic,Ibadan.
ABSTRACT Medical knowledge derived from traditional societies has motivated searches for new bioactive molecules derived
from plants that show potent activity against bacterial pathogens. The present study investigated the antibacterial
activity of Psidium guajava, Nauclea latifolia and Bryophyllum pinnatum on clinical and veterinary isolates of four
gram negative bacteria: Klebsiella spp,Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both aqueous
and methanolic extracts of the three pants were obtained using column chromatography. Antimicrobial activity of the
plant extracts against the selected pathogens was determined using disc agar diffusion method. There was no significant
difference (P>0.05) in the antibacterial activity of both aqueous and methanolic extract of the plants studied. However,
there was high rate of resistance to the plant extracts by the veterinary isolates of the bacteria tested. Among the four
bacteria tested, Klebsiella spp was most sensitive to the tested plant extracts. In this regard, Psidium guajava showed
extensive inhibition zone. Our results indicate that Psidium guajava is a potential source of antibiotics for drug
development against this group of organisms.
Effect of Pretreatment on the Biosorption of Heavy Metals on Cocoa Leafs
AKINADE NURUDEEN Science Laboratory Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan
Tel No: 08032127226
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The presence of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environment is known to cause severe damage to aquatic life. Most of the
heavy metals are soluble in water and form Aqueous Solutions and consequently cannot be separated by ordinary
physical and chemical means of Separation. Biosorption / Bioaccumulation for the removal of heavy metal ions may
provide an attractive alternative to physicochemical methods. In this study, different Chemicals were used to study the
effect of pretreatment of the Cocoa Leafs biomass on Biosorption of Pb2+
, Cd2+
, and Ni2+
. Pretreatment with detergent
and Alkali Chemicals such as NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 and were found to improve or maintain the bioadsorption
capacity in comparison with the live cocoa leafs biomass. Acid pretreatment using HCl and H2SO4 resulted in a
significant reduction in the biosorption capacity. Equally pretreatment using CaCl2 and NaCl slightly reduced the
biosorption capacity. All the pretreatment methods resulted in a reduction in biomass in comparison with Autoclaved
cocoa leafs biomass. However, Alkali pretreatment is an effective method to be adopted to improve the biosorption
capacity for metal ions by dead biomass. Loss of Biomass after the pretreatment should be taken into consideration
while assessing the biosorption performance.
Keywords: Biomass, Biosorption, Cocoa leafs, Alkali, Acids, Autoclave, Detergent.
SUBTHEME: MODELING, ICT AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
A Proof of Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel’s Iterative Numerical Scheme as Richardson’s Methods.
1ADEWOLE O.O,
2ALLI S.G,
3OLAWUWO J.G,
4TAIWO O.A,
5EGUNJOBI K.A and
6OYINKANLA
L.O.A.
1Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
2,3Department of Mathematics & Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria
4Department of Physics & Electronics, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
5Department of Physics, Taye Solarin University of Education, Ogun State, Nigeria 6Department of Physics & Electronics, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
It’s obvious in diverse practical applications of numerical schemes there is expedient need to sought for
convergence in any iterative scheme. Diverse physical situations embed a system of linear equations which
are solved by some chosen numerical methods of linear equations. Often these systems are expressed in
matrix forms and solved by some available traditional existing methods, and some well known iterative
procedures, among the Gauss-Seidel, Jacobi, etc.Specifically, the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods as
iterative schemes are delineated in this instance and shown to satisfy the Richardson’smethods.
Keywords: Iterative Scheme, Matrix, Linear systems, Richardson’s method.
Performance of Horvitz-Thompson Estimator in Population Based Establishment Sample Surveys Over
Multiplicity Estimator
1
AMALARE A.A . & 2
AGBONA A. A 1 Lagos State Polytechnic, Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Ikorodu
2 Federal Polytechnic, Department of Statistics, Ede , Osun State .
Email : [email protected] , Tel. : 08023998403 .
ABSTRACT
In this paper, PBES (Population Based Establishment Survey) Horvitz-Thompson Estimator is discussed and
considered to be an attractive design alternative to the conventional establishment sample survey and is
applicable whenever free standing sampling frames are inadequate . In network sampling, the results revealed
that PBES Horvitz-Thompson estimator counts each distinct network only once over the PBES multiplicity
estimator. The derivation made in respect of unbiased PBES Horvitz-Thompson Estimator and its variance,
shows to give a more robust, efficient and consistent estimator which produces good approximation results
than PBES Multiplicity Estimator .
Key words : PBES Horvitz-Thompson Estimator, Network Sampling, Establishment transactions, PBES
Multiplicity Estimator, Integrated Sample Design .
On The Tau Method For Numerical Solution of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations
*EGBETADE, S.A., SALAWU, I.A., FASASI, Y.A., AJIBOLA, S.A., LASISI, T.A. AND ALLI, S.G. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan
Corresponding author :e-mail address: [email protected], Tel. : 08038562912
ABSTRACT
Certain methods exist for solving a variety of differential equations. This paper is concerned with the
numerical solution of linear ordinary differential equations using the tau method. Numerical evidences in
support of accuracy of the method are included for the sake of completeness. The results showed that tau
approximations are closer to the exact solutions and this further confirmed the efficiency of the method in
handling linear differential equations.
Keywords: linear differential equations, tau method, numerical solution, accuracy, error
A Comparison of Students Performance in Physics Taught With and Without the Use of Instructional
Materials Using T-Statistics. 1AMODU F.R,
2ADEWOLE O.O,
3ALLI SULAIMON,
4OLAWUWO J.G.
1Department of Physics With Electronics, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
2Department of Physics With Electronics, Ajayi Crowther University,Oyo, Nigeria.
3&4Department of Mathematics & Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Instructional materials have been found to be of immense relevance in the effective teaching of Physics thus
facilitating students understanding and performance in the subject. The current investigation is based on the
comparison of performances of two different groups of students in pre and post tests, taught with and without
the use of instructional materials selected from a survey conducted randomly among selected secondary
school students in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The post test results of two groups of students was put to
statistical analysis and it was found that the p value was small (<0.001). This means that the results of the two
groups of students differ due to the factor of instructional materials used in group A and not used in group B.
This further confirmed the hypothesis that the use of instructional materials for the learning of Physics
improved students’ comprehension and performance.
KEY WORDS: Instructional materials, Hypothesis, t-statistics.
A Modified Variational Iteration Method for Solving Sine-Gordon Equations 1
ARAROMI A.A., 2GBOLAGADE A.W.,
1AYANDEJI M.B. AND
1RAFIU A.A.
1The Polytechnic Ibadan, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus, Eruwa
2Osun State University, Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, we applied Modified Variational Iteration Method (MVIM) for solving Sine-Gordon equations.
The method was demonstrated by solving several examples. The numerical result revealed that MVIM is very
effective and convenient.
Keywords: Modified Variational Iteration Method and Sine-Gordon equations
Money, Income and Causality
*OYENUGA, I.F, OLAJIDE, J.T and ADESINA, O.A Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study examines the causality between Money Supply and Gross Domestic Product considering the period
of twenty years. It examines stability of Money Demand given factors influencing the demand of money in
Nigeria. The Granger causality test was put into consideration. The Granger approach to the question of
whether Money Supply causes GDP was to see how much of the current Income can be explained by the past
values of GDP and then to see whether adding lagged values of Money Supply can improve the explanation.
GDP is said to be Granger-caused by Money Supply if Money Supply helps in the prediction of GDP, or
equivalently. The results of Granger causality test revealed no evidence of the variables causing the other
except for a very rare case.
Keywords: Causality, Money Supply, Granger, GDP
The Outlier Analysis of Sunspot Data
T. A. LASISI* M.O. AKINTUNDE**, T.O. OJO** AND D. K. SHANGODOYIN*** *Department Of Mathematics And Statistics, The Polytechnics Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
**Department Of Mathematics And Statistics, The Federal Polytechnics, Ede, Osun State,Nigeria
*** Department Of Statistics, University Of Botswana, Botswana
ABSTRACT We utilized the sunspot periodic series to demonstrate the usefulness of our methodology developed in Lasisi et al
(2013). Our results affirmed that our proposed methodology outperformed the one by TS Model (Tsay 1986). This is
evident from the fact that it captures multiple outliers on the basis of periodicity than the TS-Model using the likelihood
ratio test criteria. And considering the generating mechanisms, they all detected more same outlier points, confirming
the superiority of this method to the existing conventional methods. The added feature of this study is that we have
accommodated all known types of outliers in the methodology. The LR values of any of these generating mechanisms
that is greater was therefore, chosen.
KEYWORDS: Sunspot, periodicity, magnitude of outliers and likelihood ratio
A Marcov Forcast of Male and Female Births in a Set of Partrilinear Generations
OLAWUWO, J.G., ALLI, S.G., ABIMBOLA, L.A, AYANSOLA, A.O. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
Corresponding Author: [email protected], 08052081823
ABSTRACT
The nth time probabilities of one sex succeeding the same or another sex at birth are formulated using two
approaches. Firstly, by iterative multiplication of the transition probability matrix. Secondly, by finding its nth
power using diagonalisation method. By so doing, the position of statistical equilibrium was also derived for
the system.
Keywords; markov chain, eigenvalues, statistical equilibrium, transition probability matrix.
Empirical Comparison of Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Bayesian Estimation in a Linear
Model: Using AR(1) Model
OSENI,B A.1., MABOSANYINJE
2 ,A AND SOJOBI.O.A
2
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Moshood Abiola , Polytechnic, Abeokuta.
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT:
We examined the asymptotic finite properties of MLE and BE in a linear regression using autoregressive model of order
1. A case of autocorrelation was considered. For the Bayes estimator, the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis-Hastings
algorithm were utilized to obtain random draws of the parameters.
Key Words: Gibbs sampler, MLE, Autoregressive model, Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms, Bayes estimator.
Time Series Model for Predicting Quarterly Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria
OYENUGA, I.F, OLAJIDE, J.T AND ADESINA, O.A
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
Email address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research work examines the quarterly data of the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the period
of twenty five years using Box-Jenkins methodology (ARIMA Model). Gross Domestic Product (GDP), also
known as Gross Domestic Income (GDI) measures National Income and output of a country. It measures the
total market value of goods and services at a given time. The size of GDP is determined by various factors
which include exports, imports, inventory levels and retail expenditure. The time plot appears to be non-
stationary and the series was differenced to achieve stationarity. The ARIMA of order (3,2,) was estimated to
be the optimal and best model for the series and a five year forecast was carried out using the estimated
model. Evidence from this study has shown that the ability of Nigerian government to manage and allocate
available resources to appropriate quarters will determine increase in size of GDP.
Keywords: GDP, Stationary, ARIMA, National Income, Optimal.
Chebyshev Polynomials In Multistep Collocation Methods for Stiff Initial Value Problems
OLAYIWOLA M. A., ONI N. O. & OSUNTOKI N. B.
ABSTRACT
In Onumanyiet. al. a one-step collocation for stiff differential system was reported. The collocation
employed the power series as approximant of the solution of Initial Value Problem (IVP) in the differential
system. In this paper, we considered a Chebyshev series approximation to this solution with a view of
improving the accuracy of the approximant earlier stated. This form will be considered in the light of some of
the elligant properties of Chebyshev Polynomials. It is observed that, Chebyshev series is the best
approximant.
Keywords: Polynomials, IVP, Stiff, Collocation
Price Change and Scaling in Economics As a Geometric Problem ; Fractal Theory Approach
ABIMBOLA L. A.(MRS.) AND OLAWUWO J.G, AYANSOLA O.A The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan.
ABSRACT
Any competitive price follows in the first approximation a ‘ one dimensional Brownian motion’ turns out to represent them poorly. An alternative description constructed on the basis of scaling assumption
proves to be more accurate. We are able to establish that when is a price, has the property that
is increment over an arbitrary time lag , has a distribution independent of , except
for a scaling factor.
AMS Subject Classification : 51E99
Modelling Heterogeneity in Survival Analysis by the Modified Gamma Frailty Distribution
ABDULAZEEZ S.A., USMAN A. AND OLUKAYODE, O. Dept. of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science,
Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna.
*Corresponding Author – [email protected],
ABSTRACT
Frailty models play a central role in formulating the effects of covariates on potentially censored failure times
and in the joint modelling of incomplete repeated measures and failure times in longitudinal studies. Survival
data are often subject to right censoring and to a subsequent loss of information about the effect of
explanatory variables. Three frailty models were used to analyze bivariate time-to-event data. All approaches
accommodated right censored lifetime data and account for heterogeneity in the study population. A Modified
Gamma Frailty Model was compared with two existing Frailty Models. The newly derived MGF is more
robust when sample size is more than forty.The MGF model performs better than the existing models in the
presence of clustering. However the CGF is preferable in the absence of clusters in a given data set.
Keywords: censorship, Frailty Models , Survival Analysis, Proportional hazard model, Correlated Gamma
Frailty Models, Random effects
Mathematical Modelling of War Using First Order Differential Equation 1BELLO M.O and
2OLATUNJI O.O
1 Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso. 2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
ABSTRACT
Mathematics modeling on war is widely used and applied in western world. War is becoming more and more
electronically controlled as a result, it is moving away from the battlefield. Strategically, models can be used
to fight as to be able to predict how bloody a war may be or how to win the war without much casualty. First
order differential equation ,dx dy
ay and bydt dt
where ‘a’ is the killing power of X army and ‘b’ is the
killing power of Y army. Hence if bX02 – ay0
2 > 0 then X – army wins, else if –bx0
2 + ay0
2 >. 0, Y – army
wins.
Key words: Mathematical Model, war, army, win.
Evaluation of Trends in Infant and Child Mortality in Nigeria.
1AKINTUNDE M.O. ,
2LASISI T.A. AND SHANGODOYIN D.K.
1School of Applied Sciences, Department of Statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
2Faculty Of Science, Department Of Statistics,The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Infant mortality has been used to evaluate the social and economic well-being, as well as the quality and
overall effectiveness of medical care systems across the globes together with other vital statistics. This paper
investigated the reasons for the high infant mortality rates in Nigeria, compared to the majority of African
countries and other developed world and that of Commonwealth of Independent States. There was a thorough
examination of medical causes of infant mortality as suggested in the literature. Literature results suggest that
maternal and child health outcomes differ for population groups within each country and are determined by
social fault lines that are unique to each country. The relationship between infant mortality and several
variables that have been shown to affect it especially health spending were examined. Socio-economic
variables such as levels of education, income levels, fertility rates, diseases, alcoholic and cigarette
consumption were examined. The results showed that if the government could work on all the variables listed,
then there will be a drop in infant mortality rates.
Key words: infant and child mortality, level of education, income levels fertility rates, diseases
Forecasting Future Power Consumption Using Trend Analysis
OJO T. O.1
LASISI T. A2. and AJAYI M.O
1.
1Department of Statistics, The Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Nigeria
2Department of Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Knowledge of those aspects that motivate consumers towards more power consumption is necessary in order
to implement policies to stimulate power consumption. To predict future power consumption based on such
knowledge from sectoral stakeholders, and based on historic power consumption data, the method of Trend
Impact Analysis (TIA) was applied to Nigeria power sector. From the historic data, a trend or baseline was
estimated. TIA combines this information with sectoral stakeholder knowledge to forecast future power
consumption. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to handle uncertainty in the TIA model thus developed.
Despite the disadvantages of TIA, the method is suitable for explaining a trend by means of impact factors
(external and internal), and offers an opportunity to deal with uncertain prognoses by sectoral stakeholders.
TIA is a relatively unknown method and requires more research and experience to judge if it is widely
applicable, and if it provides a good alternative to more traditional forecasting methods.
Keywords: Power Consumption, Sectoral Stakeholders, Historic Data, Factors, Trend Impact Analysis.
Application of Homotopy Analysis Method to Seir Tuberculosis Epidemic Model
1,*
EGBETADE, S.A. AND 2IBRAHIM, M.O.
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan
2Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Tel. : 08038562912
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of homotopy analysis method for solving the system of nonlinear
equations which describe the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis. Maple 15 software was used for the
computations. Graphical results are also presented and discussed qualitatively to illustrate the solutions. The
analytical approximations to the solution of the tuberculosis model are reliable and show the ability and
efficiency of the method for computing the solution of nonlinear problems.
Keywords: homotopy analysis method, tuberculosis, mathematical model, nonlinear equations, transmission
dynamics
On the Effect of Trasmission Rate on a Model of HIV in Cd4+ T Cells
*EGBETADE,S.A., EYITAYO, I.R., OYENUGA, I.F., AYANSOLA, O.A., FANTOLA,J.O.,
and OLATUNJI, O.O. Department of Mathematics and Statistics,The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
*Corresponding author: e-mail address: [email protected], Tel. : 08038562912
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we examined the effect of transmission rate ( ) on the basic reproduction number ( ) of HIV
(human immunodeficiency virus) in a model of CD4+ T Cells. Numerical simulations of the model showed
that as the transmission rate increases, the basic reproduction number increases. This result indicate that
transmission rate of the virus play a large role in the dynamics of T cells infection by HIV. Hence, in order to
achieve disease control, must be kept low so that could lie below unity to ensure eradication or reduction
of infection in finite time.
Keywords: HIV, T cells, mathematical model, basic reproduction number,transmission rate
On the Analysis of Infant Mortality Rate in Nigeria
O.A ADESINA, I.F OYENUGA and J.T OLAJIDE Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.
ABSTRACT
This work is based on infant mortality rate in Nigeria, which is the death of children less than one year of age
per 1000 live births. There are some major causes of congenital infant mortality which are malformations,
sudden infant death syndrome, maternal complications during pregnancy and accidents. Many factors
contribute to infant mortality such as the mother's level of education, environmental conditions, and political
and medical infrastructure. This study considered data from the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan
for the period of fifteen years to examine the rate of infant mortality. The time series analysis was employed
using ARIMA model. The study reveals that, Nigeria, as a country is making progress in cutting down infant
mortality rates, the pace still remains too slow to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of reducing by
two third by 2015.
Keywords: Infant Mortality Rate, Millennium Development Goal, ARIMA
A Differential Model of Diabete Mellittus
OLAYIWOLA M. A., ONI N. O. & OSUNTOKI N. B.
ABSTRACT
Differential models are associated with those naturally occurring processes in which rates of exchange of
variables are involved. Such a process is that of Diabetes Mellittus. As it is known to be a condition in which
certain processes of the body concerned with the metabolism of sugar to energy fall. In this paper we
obtained a simple differential model and examined the sugar-insulin response of the model for a normal
person (i.e. one not suffering from diabetes) and controlled diabetic patient. Two separate ‘diabetic’ effects in
the model was observed as well.
Keywords: Sugar-insulin, Diabetes, Stimulate
Application of Data Modeling Techniques to Enterprise File Sync And Shares: Issues And Solutions
Observed At OYSCAI 2012 and 2013 National Diploma Students’ Admissions Exercise
ABIMBOLA A. S. Department of Computer Science,Oyo-State College of Agriculture, Igbo-Ora.
E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: 08143107225 and 08126933049
ABSTRACT
This paper examined how data modeling techniques using relational model and relational data base
management systems (RDBMS) could be employed in modeling the National Diploma Students Admission
Data. Subsequently, the relational data model was used to investigate the enterprise file sync and share system
in order to study the issues and proffer solutions to what obtained during the 2012 and 2013 National Diploma
Student Admission Exercise. The result of the study favours the use of enterprise file sync and share system in
future admission exercise at the Oyo-state college of Agriculture Igbo-Ora. It is therefore, recommended that
organizations should be encourage to adopt this technology – Enterprise file sync and shares system – in their
operations.
The Relevance of Mathematics in Science and Technology
EGBETADE, S.A., OLATUNJI, O.O., AGBOLUAJE, S.A., OLAWUWO, J.G., ADESINA, O.A.,
GANIYU, K.A. AND OLAJIDE, J.T. Department ofMathematics and Statistics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria
e-mail address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In this paper, we examined some contributory roles of mathematics in some disciplines like engineering,
medicine, banking and finance and business administration. We argue that the present mathematics
curricula in both primary and post primary schools has remained rigid, adamant and unresponsive to
societal demands and this had its attendant effect on the acquired skills by learners to properly apply
the subject for national transformation. We highlight some important steps that could be taken to
revolutionalize the teaching of mathematics. In addition, we consider the application of mathematics to a
simple SIR model of an infectious disease in a population. The equilibrium points of the model are
analyzed for stability and the results are discussed qualitatively.
Keywords: science and technology, mathematics, curricula, model, infectious disease, stability
Challenges of E-Learning in the Development of Human Resources for Hospitality and Tourism
Industry in Nigeria
1JAMMAL M. T.,
1OGUNDANA O. F. and
2FASHAKIN F. J
1Department Of Leisure And Tourism Management Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos
2Department Of Hospitality Management Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study examines the role and challenge of E-learning teaching/training method in the development of
human resource for hospitality and tourism field. The major objective of the study is to ascertain whether e-
learning method is more suitable than traditional classroom method of teaching and training in the hospitality
and tourism field vis a vis classroom and industrial setting. For this study 200 respondents comprising 100
students from the Department of hospitality management and leisure and tourism management department
Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Campus were used. In addition, 100 employees were selected randomly
from various hospitality and tourism outfits in Ikorodu area of Lagos. The findings indicated that illiteracy,
poor power supply, poor student-tutor relationship, slow internet connections, technical interference among
others affect the learning outcomes where E-learning is applied for teaching and training in the hospitality and
tourism industry. Above all, the nature of the industry and the course content which has strong practical
content makes trainers and tutors in the hospitality and tourism field reluctant to adopt it. However, this study
recommended that E-learning should be use to complement the traditional class room method so as to keep
pace with technology and the emerging trends in the industry. For example, course content with strong
theoretical contents should adopt E-learning.
KEYWORDS:-Hospitality and tourism E-learning, Teaching/ Training, traditional classroom method.
Biometric Key Computation Using Handwriting Features
MORADEYO O. M.
Department of Computer Science, The Polytechnic, Ibadan AdeseunOgundoyin Campus, Eruwa
Oyo State, Nigeria.
[email protected], 08055909700
ABSTRACT
Biometrics is the measurement of a biological characteristic such as fingerprint, iris pattern, retina image, face
or hand geometry; or a behavioural characteristic such as voice, gait or signature. It can also be said to be the
science of using matchless human characteristics for personal authentication based on a person’s biological
and behavioural characteristics. Therefore, the process involved in transforming a piece of live biometric data
into a biometric key is biometric-key computation. In this paper, biometric keys are to be generated from a
behavioural biometric variety - handwriting biometric. Although, behavioural biometrics are not unique
enough to deliver steadfast human identification; they have been shown to provide suitably high accuracy
identity verification. They also exhibit several qualities that make them attractive for key generation. For
example, whereas an adversary can passively extract physiological biometrics, behavioural biometrics do not
provide themselves as easily to deceitful capture as they require a user to consciously perform an action. The
signals enrolled from this biometric feature are concatenated to form one single signal and each signal is then
compressed with the Discrete Wavelength Transform – Discrete Fourier Transform (DWT-DFT). Intra and
inter class analysis are going to be carried out on the keys generated from handwriting captured from users.
Keywords: Biometrics, Handwriting, Key generation, Security, Random number generation
Evaluating the Adequacy of Health Facilities Using GIS
OKUNADE T. A., AREMU, I. A. and ADERIBIGBE, O. S
Computer Science Dept., Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State
Corresponding Author [email protected]
According to the World Health Report of 2008, “Globalization is putting the social cohesion of many
countries under stress, and health systems are clearly not performing as well as they could and should”. The
ability of the available health facilities to deliver is decreasing. It is the general belief that health systems need
to respond better – and faster – to the challenges of a changing world. This can be achieved through Primary
Health Care (PHC). Access to primary health care has been a major goal of the health policies of every
government. Lagos State government is not an exception. A lot of efforts have gone into ensuring the
government is able to meet the healthcare needs of its population. Improvement in access to PHC will
contribute to advancement in the quality of life and will also lead to improved economy. This paper evaluates
the adequacy of health facilities in Lagos State by combining information on population with information on
location of primary health centres using GIS. Eti-Osa Local Government Area (LGA) was used as a case
study. The findings of the research revealed that Eti-Osa LGAstill falls below the recommended WHO
standard of doctor/patient ratio. Inadequate number of primary health centres within the local government
area puts the available ones under a lot of pressure. This makes patients spend more time than necessary to
receive medical attention. The research will assist the government in assessing its performance and figuring
out where to intensify efforts when making decisions on provision of health facilities.
Keywords: Application, Geographical Information System(GIS), Health facilities, Primary Health Care
Mathematical Model of Students’ Characteristics in an Online Discussion Forum: An Approach to a
Collaborative E-Learning System Design
ADENIRAN A.*, AKANDE A., ADEBAYO-ADESINA F, OLAYIWOLA O. and ADENIJI A..
Physics/Electronics Department, the Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeira.
ABSTRACT
Literatures have established the effectiveness of collaborative learning in encouraging students to
explain and justify their opinions, articulate their reasoning, and elaborate and reflect upon their
knowledge in an e-learning context. This paper presents a model for evaluating students’
characteristic performance in a collaborative e-learning system. We discuss collaboration among
learners based on discussion forum and identify participation, activity, impact and mutuality as
characteristics in a discussion forum. Having established the characteristics stated, we model
evaluation of these characteristics for individual learners involved in a discussion forum in the
context of a collaborative e-learning system. Conclusively, for collaborative e-learning to
successfully achieve its aim, there is need for proper evaluation of learners behavioural characteristics
during collaboration, the evaluation will provide clue to how individual learners can be helped
through the collaborative e-learning system, for effective learning activities.
Key words: Collaborative learning, participation, activity, impact, mutuality
Framework for the Development of Cloud Computing Services (CSS) in Distance Learning for
Nigerian Polytechnics
1ADEWOLE, O. A.,
2IBITOWA, F. O. ,
3ONI, O.A. ,
4AKINBODE, K.B. &
5 ORIOKE, O.O.
Department of Computer Studies, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. Nigeria. 1Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.:08032371340
ABSTRACT:
Cloud Computing is a phenomenon of the recent times. It has changed the whole scenario ubiquitously. Cloud
Computing severally being “hot cake” following strongly behind other “human essentials”, such as electricity
and telephone. Business organizations and more importantly, several educational institutions have been
considering and some of them even adopting cloud computing strategies in order to meet their operational
requirements. Cloud Computing Services (CSS) are a growing necessity for business organizations as well as
for educational institutions. Although there are still several risks and challenges currently associated with the
Cloud but its potential advantages outweigh the risks. This paper begins with defining Cloud Computing, its
key characteristics, deployment and service models, and the relationships between them. Then the paper
describes the role and challenges of Cloud Computing in Polytechnic Education in Nigeria.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Elements of Cloud Computing, Models of Cloud Computing , Distance
Learning, Polytechnic Education.
Survey of Wireless Sensor Network Routing Algorithm
Ojoawo A. O., Fagbolu O.O., Olaniyan A.S., Sonubi T.A., O.M. Moradeyo
(Computer Science Department, The Polytechnic Ibadan, AOCE)
ABSTRACT
Wireless sensor network (WSS) has in the recent years drawn the interest of researcher due to its
wide range of application such as combat field reconnaissance, security surveillance, environmental
monitoring and so on. Sensors in these applications are expected to be deployed massively in a harsh
or hostile environment, and are expected to operate autonomously. In order for WSN to support
scalability and energy efficiency, suitable routing protocol is needed to be applied. Clustering of node
facilitates efficient routing. Routing protocols in WSNs can be divided into two categories: flat
routing and hierarchical or clustering routing. In this paper we present comprehensive study of WSN
clustering routing protocol. We state the need for clustering and its advantages. Secondly, we
classified them based on their properties. Thirdly, we further analyzed these protocols to state their
pros and cons. Finally, we used predefined input parameters to simulate few classes of routing
protocols using NS2 network simulator to analyze their efficiency. We concluded by suggesting
suitable clustering protocol for different application.
Secure Intranet Scrambler Software for Trusted Third Party in Cloud Architecture
1ADEWOLE, O. A.,
2EGBEDOKUN, G.G.O. ,
3ADELODUN, F.O. ,
4OGUNS, Y.J. &
5 FADIORA, B.O.
Department of Computer Studies, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. Nigeria. 1Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.:08032371340
ABSTRACT:
Cloud Computing Service (CSS) is an arbitrary set of resources and services offered through the Internet.
Cloud Computing Services, CSSs are delivered from data centers which are located globally. Cloud
Computing Service is a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local
servers or personal devices to handle applications. In CSS, the word CLOUD is used as a metaphor for "the
Internet," so the phrase cloud computing service stands for "a technique of Internet-based computing," where
different services -- such as servers, storage and applications are delivered to an organization's computers and
devices through the Internet. The rapid growth in field of “cloud computing” also increases severe security
concerns. From a security perspective, a number of risks and challenges have been introduced to the clouds,
diminishing in value much of the effectiveness of traditional cum legacy protection mechanisms. Cosequently,
the aim of this paper is to evaluate cloud security by identifying unique security requirements and secondly to
attempt to present a viable software solution that eliminates these potential threats. This article proposes cloud
security through the trusted third party software mechanisms. And by implementing trusted third party model
of intranet security within the cloud architecture.
Keywords: Cloud Computing Services, Cloud Architecture, Internet Security, Trusted Third Party Software,
Open Systems, Cloud Security, Scrambler Software.
Variability of the Index Parameters in the Modeling of the Equatorial Peak Ionization Density
of the F1 Layer
AYOKUNNU D.O 1
ADENIYI J.O 2, REINISCH B.W.
3 AND AKANBI R.A.
4
1 Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan P.M.B 22 Ibadan, Nigeria
2Physics Department, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria
3Lowell Digisonde International, LLC,175 Cabot Street, Suite 200 Lowell, MA 01854
4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan P.M.B 22 Ibadan, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Modeling is very important in the prediction of both space weather and climate for the activities of
man such as agriculture, aviation etc. The equatorial region in which Nigeria lies has to pay good
attention to the act of modeling since the equatorial ionosphere has peculiarities which make it
different from other ionosphere of other region. For instance, in the African sector the magnetic field
is nearly horizontal whereas in the American sector it is nearly vertical. This study focused on the
comparison of the variability of the index parameters of the equatorial peak ionization density of the
F1 layer (NmF1). Data from three equatorial stations: namely Ilorin, Nigeria (8.5 oN, 4.5
oE), in the
African sector, Fortaleza, Brazil (3 oS, 38
oW) and Jicamarca, Peru (12
oS, 76.8
oW) in the American
sector, at moderate magnetic storm during a low solar sunspot period were used in this study. The
data are those of year 2010, a year of low solar activity. The results from the study showed that Ilorin
and Jicamarca have almost the same distinct features while Fortaleza shows some disparity.
Characterization of Signal loss due to dense Fog at 850nm and 1550nm of Wireless
Communication System in Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria.
AREMU, O.A Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan P.M.B 22,U.I post office, Ibadan, Oyo state.
Correspondence viz: [email protected] +2348032413944
ABSTRACT
Dense Fog which caused the signal attenuation consists of water droplets of larger diameter in order
of 20μm which caused poor visibility. In this study, attenuation of signal in Fog at different optical
window was measured in Ibadan (70 22`N, 3
0 58`E) at two selected common peak wavelengths
(attenuation windows): 850nm and 1550nm. The visibility was measured using a Transmissometer.
Measurement and theoretical value were compared with the commonly used light attenuation models
of Kim and Al-Nabousi. Result revealed that 850nm and 1550nm attenuated the same when visibility
is less than 500m. The result of the present work clears the air on the confusion and preconceived
notions about the true ability of free space laser communication (optical wireless communication) that
1550nm is less affected by any weather conditions than 850nm.
Key words: Attenuation, Fog, Visibility, Transmissometer Optical win
SUBTHEME: ENGINEERING PRACTICES AND ENERGY
Design and Construction of A Bird-Repellant Intruder Alarm System
ILORI A.O. AND GBOPA A.R.
Department of Agric. & Bio-Environmental Engineering, Oyo State College of Agric., Igboora
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Birds are often considered to be one of the major enemies of Cereal farmers both before harvesting
and during post-harvesting (storage) stage as they are intruders in a maize or rice farm, causing unrest
and under-productivity for farmers. A Bird-repellant Intruder alarm system was designed and
constructed.The circuit design was done using Proteus 7.8 Professional Software, to produce an
ultrasonic sound that will repel birds away from a maize farm 50m away from the device installation
point, to all the four cardinal points. [NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, WEST]. The device was constructed
on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and tested on the maize farm of OFN Ltd., Igboora by measuring
distances 20, 40 and 50metres away from the device installation point to the four cardinal points. The
equipment was found to be 100% effective at 20 and 40metres respectively, while at 50metres away,
the efficiency decreases to 50%.
Keyword: Intruder, Ultrasonic Sound, Proteus 7.8 Professional Software, PCB, Harvesting
The Adoption of the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear As Basis for the Development of A Robust
Nuclear Energy Policy in Nigeria.
MAKINDE O.S, FAJEMIROYE J.A, AREMU O.A Physics department, The Polytechnic Ibadan. P.M.B 22,U.I Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The environmental consequences of siting and operating an energy facility are enormous. Based on
the adoption of nuclear energy into Nigeria's energy mix, the need for Nigeria to reflect on the
nuclear tragedy in Japan so as to avert such in Nigeria is enunciated in this treatise. Other means of
generating electricity with minimal environmental consequences are highlighted. Although nuclear
energy resources are not presently used for electricity generation in Nigeria, Energy Commission of
Nigeria’s studies have identified a role for nuclear power technology in the nation’s electricity
generation programme.
Keywords: Nuclear energy, electricity, technology, environment.
Design of an Intelligent Traffic Light and Controlling System
*1ADEJUMOBI, O.K.,
2SADIQ, M.O.,
2ASHIM,M.O.,
2SAMUAL, A.O.
1Computer Engineering Technology Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, P.M.B 22, U.I, Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State.
2,3Electrical Engineering Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, P.M.B 22, U.I, Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State.
[email protected] (Tel: 08055136497)
ABSTRACT
Control for traffic is necessary due to the socio-economic growth of our society, which has led to simultaneous
increase in communication and transportation links within the community. The most obvious of all is the
transportation by automobiles, with direct consequences of congestion in many part of the major city centers,
this includes the Polytechnic Ibadan main gate junction via Sango-Eleyele road. The aim of this design
therefore, is to design an Intelligent Traffic Control System that will regulate traffic at the Institution’s main
entrance and subsequently reduce or eradicate traffic congestion. The junction consisted of 3-control lighting
Poles controlled by a PIC16F1507 as the main component and the time allocation for each path of the traffic
was made variable to suit the effects of different traffic density that can exist at the gate. The results of the
final system functional test carried out showed that the system worked according to specifications. This design
is unique and recommended because it was controlled by a Micro C-Software, which can be modified at any
time the system demands a change or modifications. In conclusion, the introduction of an Intelligent Traffic
Control System at the Polytechnic main gate, will reduce traffic congestion especially at peak hours. It will
also enhance driving efficiency and reduce risk of automobile accidents.
Keywords: Traffic Control, Microcontroller, Intelligent, Vehicles.
The Effect of Erecting GSM Telecommunication Masts Near Residential Houses in Nigeria -A
Review.
ATILOLA, O.S. AND ABIDOYE, I.O. Oyo State College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 10, Igboora, Oyo Syate.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology.
Physics Unit.
ABSTRACT
Telecommunication has been identified as a backbone of development of all socioeconomic sectors.
Technological advancement in Telecommunications industry has led to a significant increase in the
erection of communication masts. Telecommunication masts are to phone users what food is to the
body. Since the introduction of Global system for mobile ( GSM ) into the country in 2011 , a
massively telecommunication infrastructure with many base stations came into being because quality
telecommunication services are hinged on proliferation of telecommunication masts. It has also
introduced a new way of conducting business and support the drive for job creation ( e.g. card touts,
phone cafes e.t.c. ). There are claims that these masts which radiate electromagnetic field rays are
injurious to health. This paper reviews the short and long term effects of human exposure to
electromagnetic field from the base stations scattered everywhere in Nigeria.
Application of Value Engineering Techniques in Sustainable Product and Service Design
A.A YEKINNI , S.K BELLO K.A OLAIYA 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos
1Corresponding author E mail: [email protected]
Telephone number: 08035510018 08096649813
ABSTRACT
Product and service design has strategic implications for the success and prosperity of an
organization. Organizations that have well-designed products or services are more likely to realise
their goals than those with poorly designed products or services. Product and service design also has
an impact on future activities. Consequently, decisions in this area are some of the most fundamentals
that managers must make. Intense worldwide competition in the global market place is providing a
demanding environment for companies. As such organizations that cannot provide high value and
cost effective product/service to their customers will cease to exist. Fortunately there is a set of
productivity tools centered on the Value Engineering principles and techniques that can be applied
during any stage of a product’s design development cycle such that the greatest benefit and resource
savings are achieved early in the development and conceptual design stages. Therefore, the objective
of this paper is to use Value Engineering as a powerful methodology for solving problems and
reducing costs while maintaining or improving performance and quality requirements in product and
service design. A conceptual synergy between Value Engineering and sustainable product and service
design that leads to achieving best value for a product/service was also proposed in the paper.
Keywords: Value Engineering, Value Analysis, Best Value Worth, Life cycle cost, Performance.
Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Technology 1ADEJUMOBI CALEB A. and 2ODEPIDAN KOLAWOLE O.
1Science Laboratory Department,
2Physics Department, The Polytechnic Ibadan. P.M.B 22,U.I Post Office, Ibadan,
Nigeria
Ever since the advent of nuclear technology, its application has been more prominent in production of
nuclear weapons and generation of electricity. But there are wide varieties of other ways to harness
this technology for greater peaceful applications. Heating and space travel, medicine, modern
industries and agriculture have been highly improved by harnessing new applications of nuclear
technology which has helped in determining medical abnormalities in human beings, development of
new crop varieties, effective vaccinations for certain animal diseases, new technique to control or
even eradicate unwanted insects, food irradiation, radioisotope tracer technique to test for leaks in
petroleum industry. This paper reviews the peaceful applications of nuclear technology in Medicine,
Agriculture and Industry.
Design of A Microcontroller-Based Water Level Controller
*1ADEJUMOBI, O.K.,
2ASHIM,M.O.,
2OGUNSEYE S.O, A.O.
1Computer Engineering Technology Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, P.M.B 22, U.I, Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State.
2,3Electrical Engineering Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, P.M.B 22, U.I, Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State.
[email protected] (Tel: 08055136497)
Abstract
The design of a Microcontroller-Based Water Level Controller aimed at providing an appropriate control to
pump water from the well (bore-hole) to an overhead tank whenever the water in the tank drops to a
predetermined level holds a great promise for domestic and industrial uses.The aim of this paper is to design an
automatic microcontroller-based monitoring, controlling and protective device for water pumping machines to
prevent water and electric power wastage and damage due to overheating after long usage. The circuit was
built around the PIC10F200 microcontroller which is the main component in the design. The method adopted
the use of a float switch which uses the Archimedes principle of floatation to provide the electrical contact to
Microcontroller that switches ON or OFF supply to the Pump when the tank is empty or full respectively. The
results of the final system functional test carried out showed that the system worked according to specifications
In conclusion, with this design, pumping of water to overhead tanks, etc for domestic and commercial uses will
be a convenient task in the sense that, it will eliminate the use of Operators, by automatically taking total
control and monitoring of water flow; this will prevent water spillage during pumping operations and prevent
pumping machine from overworking itself.
Keywords: Pumping Machine, Microcontroller, Float Switch, Alarm.
Total Dynamic Head Determination Model for Submersible Pumps Installation.
ADEYINKA AKANBI Department of Mechanical Engineering. Osun State College of Technology, Esaoke. Osun State
yinkato2003@gmail,com
ABSTRACT
In Nigeria, the rate at which borehole drilling is extensively adopted is very high both at rural and
urban areas. Total dynamic head is the major factor that determines the optimal performances of
submersible pumps. If the total head on the system is increased, the volume of the discharge will be
reduced proportionally until its stops. The factors considered during the model development were:
pumping level, vertical rise, friction losses via: insert coupling, threaded adapter (plastic to thread),
90°standard elbow, Standard Tee (Flow Through Run), Standard Tee(Flow Through Side), Gate
valve and Swing Check Valve, total length of the pipe, fittings equivalent of pipe, number of same
fittings, and friction loss of head per 100feet of pipe. In order to validate the model, data was
collected from Osun State “Rural Water and Environmental Agencies” (RUWESA). The data were
used to compute: the pumping level, vertical rise and the friction loss. The summation of these three
parameters gave the value the Total Dynamic Head (TDH) to be 739ft or 225.25m for this case study.
Total dynamic head calculation will help to minimize and eradicate replacement or repair of pumps
which can also maximise profit or minimize cost of production for industrial purposes and for
domestic use purposes. TDH couple with flow rate either Gallon Per Minute (GPM) or Gallon Per
Hour(GPH) will help to select adequate pump in horsepower from the performance curves graph of
the pump manufacturer.
Measurement and Simulation of Noise Voltage Spectra densities (NVSD) of Johnson and
Flicker Noises from Resistors at Room Temperature.
AREMU, O.A, ADEJUMOBI C.A, OYINKANOLA L.O.A, MAKINDE S.O
Department of Physics. The Polytechnic, Ibadan P.M.B 22, University of Ibadan post office, Ibadan, Oyo state.
Correspondence: [email protected] +2348032413944.
Abstract This work estimated and simulated the Noise Voltage Spectral densities (NVSD) as a function of
Frequency of an excess noise containing Thermal and Flicker noises. The work also determined the
corner frequency FC in 60Ω resistor. The highest spectrum was found at 60Hz and 600Hz for Thermal
and Flicker noise respectively. The results showed that the corner frequency which is independent of
temperature was 268GHz and well beyond the frequency that any integrated circuit can operate and
therefore the spectrum can be considered White for all practical purposes. Hence, up to quantum
frequency limit, our work satisfied with Nyquist theorem.
Key words: Corner frequency, Flicker noise, Spectral densities, Thermal noise, Quantum frequency
Radionuclide Concentrations of the Sand Used For Building Construction in Daily Part-Time
School, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria
EFUNWOLE H.O.1*, FAMILUSI T.O.
1, YUSUF G.T.
2, ADEYEMI W.A.
1 AND
FAJEMIROYE J.A.3,
1. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun state Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria.
2. Department of Basic Science Studies, Osun state Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria.
3. Department of Physics, Polytechnic of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
*08034031080; E-mail address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The radioactivity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226
Ra, 232
Th and 40
K were measured by
using gamma ray spectroscopy in 215 samples of sharp sand used in daily part-time school buildings,
Osun state Polytechnic, Iree. The level of radiation was estimated and the radiological implication of
using the material assessed. The average activity concentrations from eight locations of the buildings
varied from 6.37 to 16.54 BqKg-1
for 226
Ra, 4.13 to 12.57 BqKg-1
for 232
Th and 240.32 to 526.91
BqKg-1
for 40
K. The radiological hazards from the natural radioactivity in the samples were evaluated
by using the equations of radium equivalent activities, internal and external indices. The values
obtained are below the internationally recommended limits for building materials. The results
therefore indicate an insignificantly low level of radiological risk that can in no way have significant
effect on the occupants because of using the sand.
Keywords: Radioactivity, concentrations, radionuclides, gamma ray spectroscopy, radium equivalent
Artificial Neural Networks Model: Reliable Tool in Cocoa Postharvest Losses Reduction
ADEWUMI, I.O, ADEGBULUGBE, T.A, AREMU, D.O and FARINU, A.O Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, I.A.R.&T, P.M.B 5029 Moor Plantation, Ibadan.
Nigeria.
[email protected], 2348023821869, 2347034205740
ABSTRACT
This research focused on the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) model that forecasts the
weekly production quantities of outputs for a typical cocoa processing company in order to reduce post-harvest
losses. The artificial neural network was initially built with a single input and a single output with the aid of
the Neurosolutions 5.07 software package. It was then trained, cross- validated and tested by carrying out a
successful pilot test using raw production data obtained from the cocoa processing company. The data set
consisted of two input variables and two output variables, and the relationship between any input and output
variable was complex. Input variables were the weekly quantities of cocoa bags tipped and batches of cocoa
nibs roasted, while output variables were weekly quantities of cocoa butter and cocoa cake packaged in
cartons. On training the networks, the parameters of specific networks found to give an acceptable mean
square error (MSE) were recorded. The network was later modified using different combination types of
input(s) and output(s). The model outputs were found to be satisfactory, lying within the defined error limit
when compared to the actual outputs. The result showed that the network developed was able to predict the
output quantities with a high accuracy, as the training and cross-validation errors at all times both lie within the
target error of 0.0001 as specified by the software developers. The network’s ability in forecasting these
outputs with a high degree of accuracy goes a long way in demonstrating that artificial neural networks are
highly capable of forecasting in situations when there is no closed-formed mathematical relationship between
input and output.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Postharvest loss, Cross-Validation, and Moisture Content.
Analysing Energy Supply and Implementation For Renewable and Altrnative Energies
1OLATINWON ISMAIL O., OLAGUNJU D. PETER, ADERINTO SUNDAY J. AND
2SAKA
WASIU. L 1Department of Civil Engineering,The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus, Eruwa.
.2Onward Professional Training Institute, Ibadan Marketing Department
ABSTRACT
The world is currently over-dependent on fossil fuels for our energy supplies and has a collective
desire to move to renewable and cleaner alternative sources of energy. The growth in the uptake in
renewable energies has intensified in the past few years and this is set to continue over the coming
decades backed by industry and government initiatives. Economic stability and sustainability require
energy supplies that are cleaner, readily available, reliable and cost effective. Renewable energy is
now becoming mainstream in most energy market, with energy sign of significant growth. A major
factor is that most governments have established support mechanisms for renewables to mitigate
climate change and increase energy security. This paper provides knowledge of the basic scientific
and engineering principles and application including awareness of the complex planning and
financing arrangements involved in renewable energy projects. As markets open worldwide,
appreciation of the ongoing technological research in all aspects of renewables will assist in wise
investment decisions.
Keywords: Energies; Renewable; Economics stabilities
Determination of Some Physical Properties and Terminal Velocity of Locust Bean (Parkia
biglobosa) Seeds
ADEWUMI, I.O, IJADUNOLA J.A, OLADIMEJI, S.T AND KOSEMANI, B.F Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
[email protected] or +2348023821869
ABSTRACT
Designing equipment and implements for handling and processing of biological materials requires the
knowledge of physical and aerodynamic properties of such materials. In the present work, the
physical and aerodynamic properties( the axial dimensions, weight, sphericity, bulk density, porosity
and terminal velocity ) of Parkia biglobosa seeds were studied. One hundred seeds of locust beans
were randomly selected for this research study. Major diameter varied between 1.03mm to 1.35mm,
intermediate diameter from 0.65mm to 0.75mm, while minor diameter also varied from 0.40mm to
0.68mm.The results showed that the sphericity of the seed rather rolled than slide, this varied from
52.92% to 76.97%. The weight of the seed used also varied from 0.08g to 0.17g. The bulk densities
of the seeds was found to varied from 0.8812g/ml3
and 0.9166g/ml3
. with an average particle density
of 1.2607g/ml3
,the seed was unable to float in water and this made separation from other materials by
floatation in water slightly possible. The porosity of the seed varied from 0.1476 to 0.3944. The
terminal velocity of the seeds showed that separation from associated undesirable materials like
chaffs, straws and stalks is possible. Hence, it was found that the terminal velocity of locust bean
varied between 13.35m/s and 15.07m/s.
KEYWORDS: Locust beans, terminal velocity, engineering properties, aerodynamic properties
SUB THEME:TRANSPORT, BUILDING and ENVIRONMENT
Environmental and Health Implication of Housing Project Abandonment In Metropolitan
Lagos, Nigeria.
.TAIWO YETUNDE ; ADEBARE R KOLAWOLE. Department of Architecture, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan. Oyo State Nigeria
Tel: 08034076469
ABSTRACT
Housing has been identified as an essential need of man. To meet this very important need,
individual, organizations and government all over the world including Nigeria embark on various
types of housing schemes especially estate with the aim of solving the diverse and complex problem
that its citizen face. The development of an estate, whether by private or public agencies require
careful study and choice of location, elaborate planning and financial analysis to ensure the successful
completion of the project. In Nigeria, it is sad to see that some of these estates are often uncompleted
despite the time and the resources committed to it from the planning stage to actual building
construction stage. The spate of uncompleted or abandoned housing estates projects in Lagos
especially along Lekki area of the state need a thorough examination. The essence of this paper is to
unravel the environmental and health implication of housing project abandonment in metropolitan
Lagos from the residents of the adjourning neighbourhood. A survey was therefore undertaken among
the 21developers and 216 residents / neighbours adjacent to the abandoned housing estate. Utilizing
the composite index analytical model and other descriptive statistical technique, the results indicated
that uncompleted housing estate harbor thieves/ hoodlum's, harbor reptiles of various types, causes
fears of attack to passerby and harbor illegal occupant who usually commit crime and other
criminality among residents of adjourning neighbourbood. The study concluded that for the mismatch
between the housing demand and that of supply to be met this study grouped its recommendation into
four (4) government obligation, developers duties, financial institution responsibilities and general
considerations.
Keywords: Housing, projects, abandonment, environment, health, effects.
Geological Mapping In Ibarapa - East Local Government Area, Southwestern Nigeria Using
Geospatial Techniques.
OLAYIWOLA H., ADEJUMO S.A. and OYERINDE A.O. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, The Polytechnic, Ibadan
Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A geological study using geospatial techniques was conducted in Ibarapa- East Local Government
area of Oyo State. This aimed at extracting the basic lithological information and delineating the
regional structural lineament in the area for generation of geological map of the area. Landsat
Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) satellite data of multispectral bands (1, 3, 4, 5 and 7) were
utilized in the course of digital image processing techniques. A wide variety of digital image
processing techniques such as band rationing, Principal Component (PC) analysis and Intensity Hue
Saturation (IHS) transformations and directional filtering were applied in the study. The ratio images
(5/7, 3/1 and 1/3) and the Intensity Hue Saturation (IHS) bands 1, 5 and 3 were used to extract the
initial geological information which showed a clear discrimination of felsic and granitic rocks from
mafic and ultra-mafic lithologies of ophiolitic origin. The principal component (PC) analysis and
directional filtering techniques allowed the delineation of the lineaments in the study area. The
patterns recognized in the digitally processed satellite images assisted in extracting the initial
lithological information as well as delineating the regional structural lineament in the area, and these
were used as a base for the generated geological map of the area through visual interpretation and
ground truthing.
The Performance of Reed Bed Vertical Subsurface Wetland For Industrial Wastewater
Treatment
1,*
SANGOTOLA,T.M., 1ADERINTO, S.J.,
1 IBIKUNLE, O.A.,
2BABARINDE, O.O.,
2OPALEYE, E.T. AND
3LADIPO, O.A.
1Department of Civil Engineering,
2Department of Electrical Engineering,
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, The
Polytechnic, Ibadan *Corresponding author
e-mail address : [email protected], Tel. : 08162925765
ABSTRACT
Constructed wetland is one of the wastewater treatment technologies because it can effectively
remove all types of pollutants from wastewaters without causing any harm to the environment. In this
paper, we investigate the effectiveness of phragmite karka plant in the removal of toxic metals from
waste battery discharge into Elewi- 0do stream both located at Ibadan North Local GovernmentArea
of Oyo state. A pilot bed with phramite karka having washed sand and gravelas substrates was
constructed some metres away from the stream. The treatment performance was recorded for
hydraulic retention periods of 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19days. The results showed a removal efficiency rate
of 36.8% to 61.5%. with respect to the toxic metals present in the polluted water. Due to this removal,
the water can now be used for faming, irrigation and other aquatic purposes. From the present study,
it was evident that phragmite karka plant is ideal for treatment of industrial wastewater.
Keywords: constructed wetland, phragmite karka, wastewater, removal, performance
Use of Saw Dust Ash As Partial Replacement For Cement in Concrete.
OBILADE, IBUKUN OLUBUKOLA Department of Civil Engineering, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the use of Saw Dust Ash (SDA) as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC) in concrete. SDA was used to replace OPC by weight from 0 to 25% in steps of 5%.
Compacting factor test was carried out on fresh concrete while compressive strength test was carried
out on 150mm concrete cubes after 7, 14 and 28 days curing in water. The results revealed that the
Compacting factor decreased as the percentage replacement of OPC with SDA increased. The
compressive strength of the hardened concrete also decreased with increasing OPC replacement with
SDA. It is recommended that studies on long term strength and durability be carried out to ascertain
more facts about the suitability of the use of SDA as a pozzolan in concrete.
Keywords: Concrete, Saw Dust Ash, Compacting factor, Compressive Strength
Critical Examination of Consequences of Inadequate Rail Transport System in The Nigeria’s
Social Economy Sector
*FASANMADE P. A., SANGOTOLA .T. M., IBIKUNLE O. A, OLANIYAN.A.
*Corresponding author, Civil Engineering Dept. The Polytechnic Ibadan, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus, Eruwa,
*e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the chronological development of rail system in Nigeria, its importance to the
economic development and the social needs to the Nation. These include its relative fastness, safety,
cheapness and comfort ability of this mode of transportation. It is considered, as an alternative to
highway system on which huge amount of money are expended yearly without much improvement in
the transportation efficacy in the country. The factors contributing to its inadequacies were
highlighted. Suggestions for improvement such as adequate funding and the provision of adequate
manpower will go a long way in the improvement of this type of transportation mode which will
subsequently relief the highway overburden especially in the haulage of heavy goods.
Keywords: - chronological, economic development, comfort ability, system, haulage
Determination of Electrical Ground Conductivity of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree Main
Campus)
1RAIMI A.M
2 AZEEZ W.A
3YUSUF G.T.
4 EFUNWOLE H.O
1Department Of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, P.M.B 301, Iree Osun Stateemail:
2Department Of Physics, The Polytehnic Ibadan, P.M.B 22, Ui Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State.
3Department Basic Science, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, P.M.B 301, Iree Osun State.
4Department Of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, P.M.B 301, Iree Osun State.
[email protected] phone: 08033665904
ABSTRACT
The ground electrical conductivity of Osun State Polytechnic, ire premises was determined by using
Wenner arrangement of electrodes. The current I and voltage V were obtained practically from
multimeters. The voltage V was used to performed the mathematical expression with the aid of
Microsoft excel. Standard deviation and standard error were also calculated. The mean conductivity
obtained in each faculty was plotted against distance to obtain ground electrical conductivity curves.
The entire conductivity curves showed that faculty of science had the highest conductivity while the
faculty of engineering studies (FENG) has the least conductivity value. Faculty of engineering area
will be the best faculty for earthling communication mast, ratio transmitter mast, and any other forms
of communication media because of its highest resistivity value.
KEYWORDS: Wenner arrangement, Microsoft excel, Ratio transmitter mass, Ground electrical
conductivity and Multimeter
Environmental Hazards: Causes, Effects and Solutions
MUSLIM NASIRUDEEN ADE General Studies Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Saki Campus.
E-mail [email protected]
08078622073, 08028290141
ABSTRACT:
Maintaining a healthy environment is central to increasing quality of life and years of healthy life.
Globally, nearly 25 percent of all deaths and the total diseases can be attributed to environmental
factors. These factors include exposure to hazardous substances in the air, water, soil and food,
natural and technological disaster, physical hazard and nutritional deficiencies. Solution to the
environmental hazards may include but not be limited to a standard legal regime and proper
monitoring. Full-fledged national campaign that would make judicious use of the media and
provision of social amenities are also of essence
Severe Weather Preparedness in Tropical Regions 1AZEEZ, W.A.
2IBITOLA, G.A. and
3ADENIYI, S. O.
1Department of Physics,The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Physical Sciences, Ondo State University of Science and Technology,
Okitipupa, Nigeria 3Mass Communication Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
When the weather at a certain place attains extreme values, it is often referred to as severe weather.
This paper examines the various types of severe weather which include: thunderstorm, lightning,
tornado and hailstorm, hurricane, heavy precipitation, damaging downburst wind, blizzards, snow
storms, ice storms and dust storms. The causes, prevention/controls and disadvantages and
advantages of these components of severe weather were highlighted.
Key words: Severe weather, thunderstorm, lightning, tornado and hailstorm, hurricane, heavy
precipitation, damaging downburst wind, blizzards, snow storms, ice storms and dust storms.
Poor Funding: A Major Contributing Factor to High Level Deterioration of Highway
Infrastructure in Nigeria: Oyo State Highways As A Case Study.
*FASANMADE P .A., ADERINTO S. J., OLAGUNJU. D. P., OLAWORE. W. A Civil Engineering Dept., The Polytechnic Ibadan, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus, Eruwa.
* Corresponding author : e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The present paper critically examines the level of funding of the Federal highway infrastructure in
Oyo state . The high level of decay of the road infrastructure, abandonment of the highway under
construction and lack of repairs or rehabilitation of the deteriorated roads due to poor financial
commitment and lack of political have contributed immensely to the deterioration of the Federal
highways. Failure to involve private participation in funding the roads is another key factor.
Appropriate recommendations are proposed for future improvement.
Key words: decay , infrastructure, abandonment, deterioration , rehabilitation .
Groundwater Exploration in Ayegun Area of Apete, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria Using
Electrical Resistivity Method.
ADEJUMO S.A. and OYERINDE A.O. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, The Polytechnic, Ibadan
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Goundwater exploration of Ayegun area of Apete in Ibadan was carried out with the aim of
determining the hydrogeological significance of the area for the characterisation of the aquifer system
in the subsurface units and the groundwater potential of the area. Ten Vertical Electrical Soundings
(VES) were conducted over the area using Schlumberger electrode configuration of electrical
resistivity method with half current electrode separation (AB/2) varying from 1m to 100m. The field
data were interpreted quantitatively by partial curve matching and 1D computer iteration using
WINRESIST. The interpretation of the VES data enables the characterisation of three to four layers.
Seventy per cent of the VES indicate a three layer model while the remaining 30% has a four layer
earth model. The subsurface layers include topsoil, partially weathered/weathered layer, fractured
basement and presumably fresh bedrocks. The fractured basement and weathered layer are the aquifer
types/aquiferous units delineated in the area. On the basis of geoelectrical parameters, the study area
is zoned into poor, low and good groundwater potential zones.
Determination of Soil Temperature of Osun State Polytechnic Main Campus , Iree
1RAIMI ADEPOJU MUFUTAU
2 AZEEZ W.A
3FAMILUUSI TIMOTHY O.
1department Of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, P.M.B 301, Iree Osun State
2department Of Physics, The Polytehnic Ibadan, P.M.B 22, Ui Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State.
department Of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, P.M.B 301, Iree, Osun State. [email protected]: 08033665904
ABSTRACT
Soil and air temperature are interrelated as the evaporative heat transfer is so effective that the surface
temperature remain close to the overlying air temperature and a warm atmosphere leads to a warm
soil. There is a variation in temperature which accounts for most of the seasonal fluctuation of
terrestrial ecosystem. A 7-day running average of the mean air and soil temperature at a depth of 5cm
and 10cm at 10minutes was used for the study. Nine different sites (A- I) which possess soils of
different properties were used for the research work. On each site, a pilot hole was made with the use
of iron rod into soil in which the thermometer was inserted to measure the temperature of the soil and
the results gotten at both depths on each site was recorded after 10minutes. The result showed that the
air temperature at sites B,C,D,F,H and I is greater than the soil temperature of both depths (5cm and
10cm depth), the air temperature and soil temperature at 5cm depth at site A were the same but at
10cm depth, the air temperature was higher than the soil temperature. The air temperature and soil
temperature of site G at 10cm depth were the same, but at 5cm depth, the soil temperature was higher
than the air temperature. From this research work, it was discovered that the heat conductivity of the
soil is mediated by soil moisture, climate, aspect, colour, vegetation cover, soil texture and air
temperature.
Keywords: Soil temperature, air temperature, heat conductivity, vegetation cover, soil moisture.
Evaluation of Radioactive Elements in An Abandoned Mining Site In Saki-West Area of Oyo
State Nigeria
1ADEJUMOBI C.A.,
2AZEEZ G.O,
2LAWAL I.A
2ADENIRAN P.O
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology The Polytechnic Ibadan
2Department of Science Laboratory Technology Saki Campus, The Polytechnic Ibadan
ABSTRACT
Natural Radioactivity of nuclides were carried out in soil samples of abandon mining site in Saki-
West of Oyo state by Gamma Ray Spectrometry using a Sodium Iodide Detector. The mean activity
of 238
U was found to be 1.875Bq/Kg ±0.076, that of 40
K was 525.003Bq/Kg±15.986 and 232
Th has
activity of 42.187Bq/Kg±1.453. The activities of 238
U in the ten samples were low compared with the
worldwide concentration in soil which is 33Bq/Kg. The activities of 40
K were low in two samples and
high in the other ten samples compared to the worldwide concentration, which is 420Bq/Kg. The
activities of 232
Th in all the samples were smaller as compared to the worldwide concentration in the
soil which is 45Bq/Kg. Therefore, 232
Th and 238
U have no harmful effects on the living things in the
area, but due to high activity of 40
K in this area, it might have harmful effects on human being and
cattle feeding on the plants grown in this area.
Keywords: - Natural Radioactivity, Radionuclides, Activity Concentration, Bq/kg, 238
U 40
K and 232
Th.
Heavy Metal Concentration in the Soils of Ikumapayi, Olodo And Arubiewe Villages, Parts Of
Ibadan Northeast (Sheet261), Southwestern Nigeria.
K. A. APANPA, O. AADEAGBO AND ABUDULAWAL L. Department of Geology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan Oyo State
ABSTRACT
Industrial Hazardous Waste (IHW) generated by a battery manufacturing company at three locations:
Ikumapayi, Olodoand Arubiewe were examined for their inorganic concentration. Twenty-four (24)
soil samples were analyzed using ICP-ES to determine the concentration of heavy metals out of
which only Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd) were used for the present work.
Four samples each were obtained from each location, at the surface and the subsequent samples at
vertical interval of 0.5m, and this was also repeated at a distance of 50 meters away from the
dumpsites. These were done to determine both vertical and lateral variation in metal concentration.
The results showed that there were marginal decreases in concentration of the heavy metals from the
dump site locations. The concentrations of some heavy metals were also found to decrease with
depth. This was notable for Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd at all dumpsite locations. Cupper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn)
were found to increase with depth while Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) did not have significant
variation at all 50m distance locations from the dumpsites. However, the values of all the heavy
metals were found to be higher than the control point values and this suggests that the heavy metal
contents values was as a result of pollution from the waste dump. The reduction in the values at all
50m distance locations from the dumpsites also showed lateral reduction in concentration away from
the sites. The variation in values of heavy metal with depth at the three dumpsites investigated may
be due to their differential bioavailability and mobility.
Keywards: Hazardous waste, Dumpsites, Heavy metals, Pollution
Effect of Transportation Cost on Logistic Transaction Effeciency and Outsourcing 1LATINWO H. K.,
2ABDULKAREEM K. R.,
2ADEYEMO O. A. and
3SAKA W. L.
1Marketing Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus Eruwa.
2The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Adeseun Ogundoyin Campus Eruwa
3Onward Professional Training Institute, Marketing Department Ibadan, Oyo State
ABSTRACT
Transportation is a fundamental, if not crucial, part of logistic value chain for logistic industry or
enterprise. Transportation cost can affect not only logistic transaction efficiency, but also diversified
logistic organization forms-self supply, alliance or outsourcing. It has large impact on both
responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation allows a supply chain to be more responsive but
reduces its efficiency within a supply chain. In logistic today, transportation gains real time visibility
to customer and finds solution to improve dispatch, routing and customer service to provide real time
visibility to its customers, and reducing operating costs by making more stops in fewer miles.
Logistics has improved industries by optimizing production and distribution processes based on new
management techniques that enhance efficiency and capacity competitiveness of enterprises. All
companies seeking to expand their businesses to contribute in advancing the growth of sales as well
as improve the methods to include all customers in various geographical regions, both by the high
population growth or moderate. With transportation cost at the core, this paper puts forward a
quantitative model and makes positive study on the effect of railway on logistic transaction efficiency
for the first time. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the issue of the transportation and logistics
chains and also to debate on the nature and development of transported between different stages
within a supply chain.
Keywords: Transportation, Logistics, Outsourcing
Geotechnical Investigation of Causes of Failure Along Ijokodo-Apete-Awotan Road, Ibadan,
Southwestern Nigeria
*ABUDULAWAL, L.; **AMIDU, S. A.; *ADEAGBO, O. A.; *APANPA K. A. AND
***AKINBIYI O. A. *Department of Geology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan
** Mobil Producing Nigeria, 1 Lekki Expressway, Victoria Island, Lagos.
*** Department of Geology, Federal Polytechnic, Ede.
ABSTRACT:
This study investigates the causes of road failure along Ijokodo-Apete-Awotan road by subjecting soil
samples to geotechnical studies. Samples collected were subjected to laboratory tests which include
Natural Moisture Content (NMC), Atterberg’s Limits, grading, compaction and California Bearing
Ratio (CBR). The material collected some few meters to the collapsed Apete Bridge, consisted of
well graded granular schistose materials with less than 20% fines, rich in Mica flakes. The soil had
liquid range between 20.9% and 27.2%. The liquid limit at Apete and Awotan were generally lower
than those collected at Ijokodo. The result is a reflection of the nature of the soil profile in these areas.
The plastic limits followed closely the liquid limit. The range of the plastic indices was between 2.15
and 4.0. The result of the compaction tests (Proctors) showed that the values of Maximum Dry
Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) lie between 1.90 to 2.02 mg/m3 and 12.2 to
9.4% for unsoaked samples respectively. The CBR values obtained for subgrade materials in the area
was generally low (18 – 20%) compared with expected standard value (≥75%) for proctors. The
materials fell into A-1-a and A-2-4 groups using AASHTO classification and into SC and SM groups
using Unified Soil Classification (USC). These materials are rated excellent to good sub-base / base-
course materials but are not good subgrade materials.
Keywords: Mica flakes, Sub-base, Base-course, Subgrade, Geotechnical Studies
SUB THEME: NATIONAL POLICY AND SECURITY
Statistics and Its Applications: The Imperatives for National Policy and Security
AZEEZ, O. I. and ALAWAYE, A. I.
ABSTRACT
Making policy in Nigeria has traditionally been seen as Whitehall’s main function, the influence
wielded by Nigeria through the instrumentality of foreign policy can better be assessed within the
context of its regional power, continental leadership aspirations and several fundamental principles.
Despite over a decade of sustained efforts to improve policy making, civil servants, politicians and
academics continue to express concerns about the way policy is made, and its ability to meet future
challenges. Similarly, Nigeria with a talented population of over one hundred and sixty million
people, over two hundred and fifty ethnic groups, multiple languages and two major religions, who
was so respected up to the early 80′s because of her bigger brother role that helped so many African
countries to survive economical and political stranglehold of the imperialist colonists now has its
image seems hopelessly disgraced internationally due to armed robbers, fraudsters, insurgency,
kidnappers, ritual killers, communal war, land disputes, assassins and so on , and has since been
battling with the challenges of National peace and security. Statistical applications to National policy
and security has attracted very little attention among Nigerian rulers, this paper therefore examined
the doctrines, if any, governing Nigeria’s National policy and Security, discussed their various
challenges and X-rayed the implications of statistical applications, particularly its increasingly
diverse and wide range of applications in the modern society.
Traditional Knowledge: A Review of Global Efforts on Access and Benefit Sharing.
EBENYA S. E. National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP), 4 Blantyre Street, Wuse II, Abuja,Nigeria
[email protected], 08025490095.
Traditional knowledge is integral to the ways of life of indigenous peoples and local communities
globally. Such communities have developed complex systems of knowledge, innovations and
practices that guide the sustainable use of local resources and bioprospecting by users.Traditional
knowledge protection emerges from the fact that in the past many genetic resources and associated
know-how were used by industries and researchers for commercialisation. The benefits derived from
the use of these resources were not shared with resource holders and in some cases; patents were
granted to protect the interests of the users. Furthermore, disclosure of origin of the resource was not
a prerequisite. In light of incidences of biopiracy and inequitable benefit sharing from genetic
resource utilisation, it has become very important to protect these resources and the traditional
knowledge associated with them. In other words, there is a need to establish traditional knowledge
holders’ rights over such knowledge. Within a suite of global instruments and institutions, negotiated
texts and processes have evolved to address these concerns: the Convention on Biological Diversity;
the World Intellectual Property Organisation Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property
and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore; the United Nations Permanent Forum
on Indigenous Issues; the Nagoya Protocol, etc. This paper addresses some knowledge gaps in the
policy formulation and implementation on traditional knowledge and access and benefit sharing in
Nigeria.
Keywords: indigenous peoples and local communities, bioprospecting, users, biopiracy, genetic
resources, patent, holders’ rights, access and benefit sharing.
GNSS: A Solution to Nigeria Insecurity and Poverty Problems
AYOKUNNU D.O 1
ADENIYI J.O 2, REINISCH B.W.
3 AND AKANBI R.A.
4
1 Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan P.M.B 22 Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Physics Department, University of Ilorin,
P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria 3Lowell Digisonde International, LLC,175 Cabot Street, Suite 200 Lowell, MA 01854, USA
and 4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan P.M.B 22 Ibadan, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The African nations are being face with myriad of problems ranging from poverty, insecurity, food
production and good communication network, Nigeria is not also exempted. One of the solutions of
this African problem lies in the use of space technology in combating these problems. Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a satellite system that is used to pinpoint the geographic
location of a user’s receiver anywhere in the world. Each satellite transmits coded signal at precise
intervals. The receiver converts signal information into position, velocity and time estimates. Using
this information, any receiver on or near the earth’s surface can calculate the exact position of the
transmitting satellite and the distance between it and the receiver. This study is a review of how
GNSS can be used as a lasting solution to the problems of insecurity in Nigeria if employed.
The Modalities For Checking Insurgency And Enhancing Governance In Nigeria
ABDULAZEEZ S. A., USMAN A. AND OLUKAYODE O.
Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science,
Kaduna Polytechni
*Corresponding Author – [email protected],
Abstract
This paper examines the basis of insurgency and insecurity situation in Nigeria and its implications to
governance and sustainable development. A background to the upsurge of insurgency and insecurity
is examined and the origin of Boko Haram is presented. Some root causes of insurgency are
highlighted, these include: Lack of institutional capacity resulting in government failure, Pervasive
material inequalities and unfairness and Loss of Socio-cultural and communal value system. Among
the immediate and proximate factors mentioned include: Porous borders, Rural /Urban Drift,
Unemployment/Poverty, Declining Human Development Resources and Growing Alienation and
Radicalisation. We propose an approach that accommodates both long term solutions and immediate
ways to address the problem right now to reduce the upsurge; and besides, an approach that everyone
has a role to play in ensuring that security is restored.
Keywords: Insurgency, Terrorism, National Insecurity, Boko Haram, Stakeholders,
Sustainable development
Solid Waste Management Policy As a Tool For National Transformation
OMOTOSHO Abayomi Josiah Department of Architectural Technology
Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos. Nigeria.
+234 7055552300, +234 7030093900
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Globally, the current paradigm in solid waste management is waste minimization, re-use, recycling
and conversion to useful products. This implies that solid waste has the potential to be an asset
instead of constituting a nuisance or challenge. Amongst the Nigerian Transformation Agenda are
sustainable environmental development, power generation, employment and health. A well targeted,
nationally integrated solid waste management policy framework that is compliant with up-to-date
international practices can support protection of the environment and urban hygiene, power
generation and employment. This paper discusses prevalent world-wide solid waste management
practices especially in the developed world. Guidelines for designing a National Solid Waste
Management Policy are suggested
Key words: employment, power generation, Transformation Agenda, urban hygiene, waste
management policy
Enhancing Technology Education to Meet The Challenges of National Transformation
ADELAKUN A.D, TIJANI K.O AND AZEEZ M.O
Building Technology Department
The Polytechnic Ibadan, Saki Campus
[email protected] ABSTRACT
In this era of globalization, the world economy is now majorly operated by the private sector. The
role of government is to concern itself mostly with policy matters, take appropriate measures to
stimulate the economy and give it direction. In the new deregulated global economy, a country
without virile industrial base will be turned into a dumping ground for imported goods. This paper
examines briefly the history of technical education in Nigeria and the various government policies,
programmes and challenges to develop the education system were reviewed. The paper highlights,
present reality of Nigeria’s low level of technological development, which results in the need to
acquire technology as cheaply as possible to be able to remain competitive in the global economy.
The aim of this paper is to enhance technological education so that the graduates will meet global
demands of being highly skilled, enterprising and self reliant. Some identified measures of enhancing
technology education were highlighted. In conclusion the paper indicates that the problems being
faced in technological education are carry over from the colonial era. Unfortunately the nation has not
been able to extricate herself from the problem because of low status of technology graduates, poor
funding, lack of effective strategies for implementation of policy. Recommendations made include:
funds should be infused into technological education to provide equipment consumables and adequate
infrastructures, roles and importance of research needs to be articulated, promoted and rewarded.
Keywords: Transformation, Technology, Education, Economy.
Good Governance With Vibrant Policy and Mechanisation of Agricultural Sector: Central to
All Progress
JOKANOLA AFOLABI Department of General Studies, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Saki Campus
ABSTRACT
Good governance, mechanized agriculture, vibrant policy attracts country’s transformation and
relatively good starting condition for meaningful developments. Even, if a country is regarded as a
potential engine room for growth, transformation may prove difficult in term of science and
technology, physical and socio-infrastructural developments. Because of corrupts political and public
officials, bad legacies of long authoritarian military regimes, violent-crime, nepotism, hypocrisy,
oppression, marginalization, sectionalism, porosity of Nigerian borders that made Nigeria vulnerable
to many nefarious activities like Boko-Haram, struggle for political powers and limits of democratic
consolidation etc, are the rave of the moment. It is against this background that the paper considered
good governance, mechanized agriculture and vibrant policy as amiability for visionary leaders,
infrastructural development and advancement in science and technology in the developing countries
like Nigeria.
Key Words: Good Governance, Mechanized Agriculture,Vibrant Policy, Corruption, Democracy
ERRATA
Phytochemical Screening and Mineral Analysis of Some Underutilized Leafy
Vegetables of South West Nigeria.
*ADEKOYA, A. K. Chemistry Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The utilization of leafy vegetables is part of Africa’s cultural heritage as vegetables play important
roles in the customs, traditions and food culture of the African household. Vegetables are those
herbaceous plants whose part(s) are eaten as supporting food or main dishes and they may be
aromatic, bitter or tasteless. Eight (8) underutilized South West Nigerian green leafy vegetables were
selected for evaluation to determine their nutritional values and phytochemicals compositions. The
green leafy vegetables analysed with corresponding local names were Launea taraxacifolia ‘Yanrin’,
Solanunm notrifolium ‘Gboro’, Solanum aethiopicum ‘Gbagba’, Erigeron floribundus ‘Olowonjeja’,
Solanum americanum ‘Odu’ Sesamum radiatum ‘Morogbo’, Ocimum gratissimum ‘Efinrin’,
Colocasia rotis ‘curry’. Fresh leaves were shredded and oven dried before milling into vegetable
powder and then taken for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Minerals present are calcium (52.2 -
362.4 mg/L), magnesium (88.6 - 104.6 mg/L), iron (3.4 - 28.0 mg/L), potassium (14.3 - 3875.8 mg/L)
and sodium (14.6 - 262.6 mg/L) respectively. Result of phytochemical screening of the vegetables
indicated that flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins were present in all the vegetables except
for Solanum scabrum and Ocimum gratissimum which lack saponins. The results of this study
suggest that the investigated leafy vegetables if consume in sufficient amount would contribute
greatly to the nutritional requirement for human health and to the food security of Nigerian
population.
Keywords: Leafy vegetables, phytochemicals and mineral composition.
Environmental and Health Implication of Housing Project Abandonment In Metropolitan
Lagos, Nigeria.
.TAIWO YETUNDE ; OLADUNJOYE K.G.K and ADEBARE R KOLAWOLE. Department of Architecture, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan. Oyo State Nigeria
Tel: 08034076469
ABSTRACT
Housing has been identified as an essential need of man. To meet this very important need,
individual, organizations and government all over the world including Nigeria embark on various
types of housing schemes especially estate with the aim of solving the diverse and complex problem
that its citizen face. The development of an estate, whether by private or public agencies require
careful study and choice of location, elaborate planning and financial analysis to ensure the successful
completion of the project. In Nigeria, it is sad to see that some of these estates are often uncompleted
despite the time and the resources committed to it from the planning stage to actual building
construction stage. The spate of uncompleted or abandoned housing estates projects in Lagos
especially along Lekki area of the state need a thorough examination. The essence of this paper is to
unravel the environmental and health implication of housing project abandonment in metropolitan
Lagos from the residents of the adjourning neighbourhood. A survey was therefore undertaken among
the 21developers and 216 residents / neighbours adjacent to the abandoned housing estate. Utilizing
the composite index analytical model and other descriptive statistical technique, the results indicated
that uncompleted housing estate harbor thieves/ hoodlum's, harbor reptiles of various types, causes
fears of attack to passerby and harbor illegal occupant who usually commit crime and other
criminality among residents of adjourning neighbourbood. The study concluded that for the mismatch
between the housing demand and that of supply to be met this study grouped its recommendation into
four (4) government obligation, developers’ duties, financial institution responsibilities and general
considerations.
Keywords: Housing, projects, abandonment, environment, health, effects.
Structural Failures, Building Materials’ Quality and Use of Cement-Bonded Composites
Materials in Nigeria: An Architect’s Evaluation.
ISHOLA, S. Oluwagbemiga, OLADUNJOYE, K.G.K Department of Architecture, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria.
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Telephones: +234-805-977-796-4, +234-805-089-003-3
ABSTRACT
Structural failure is obviously one of the biggest problems confronting the building industry in
Nigeria today and has not been aptly solved, as human lives and properties are continuously at risk
wherever these failures occur. This paper opines that the problem could be attributed to the quest for
more housing at cheaper rates by the public, inadequate awareness of the differing but collaborative
roles building professionals play and thus responsible for the erection of different kinds of
substandard edifices. It thus affirms that the quality of materials and workmanship used in any
building project rests on the Architect, who initiates the design and specifies what material is to be
used and how to use such a material; as the building materials and components market in Nigeria
lacks control which is evident in the production of any type of material or components and the offer
of such for sale without quality control and assurance. Data used was derived from archival sources
and content analysis of different research findings on this subject. Findings also revealed that in most
cases, quackery through the use of incompetent professionals, designs, workmanship, contractors and
substandard materials has been responsible. This paper concludes that housing delivery through the
public-private partnership in provision of low-cost housing units for low-income earners can abate
these incessant problems. It recommends the cost-effective use of cement-bonded composites
building components such as wall panels, ceiling boards and floor tiles; and as an alternative to sawn
timber to Nigerian building materials industrial development.
Keywords: Building Materials, Cement-bonded Composites, Quality Control, Structural Failure.
Use of Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in Concrete
OBILADE, IBUKUN OLUBUKOLA Department of Civil Engineering,
Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the possibility of using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as partial replacement for
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. OPC was replaced with RHA by weight at 0%, 5%,
10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. 0% replacement served as the control. Compacting factor test was carried
out on fresh concrete while Compressive Strength test was carried out on hardened 150mm concrete
cubes after 7, 14 and 28 days curing in water. The results revealed that the Compacting factor
decreased as the percentage replacement of OPC with RHA increased. The compressive strength of
the hardened concrete also decreased with increasing OPC replacement with RHA. It was discovered
that the optimum addition of RHA as partial replacement for cement is in the range 0-20%.It is
recommended that further studies be carried out to gather more facts about the suitability of partial
replacement of OPC with RHA in concrete.
Keywords: Concrete, Rice Husk Ash, Compacting factor, Compressive strength
Chemical Composition of Leaf and Stem Essential Oils of Chromolaena odorata Grown in
South-West Nigeria.
*MURIANA M, LAWAL I.A., AZEEZ G.O., AND ADEDOJA S.A. The Polytechnic Ibadan, Science Laboratory Technology
Department, Saki Campus.
*Corresponding Autho: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Chemical Composition of Leaf and Stem Essential Oils of Chromolaena odorata Grown in South-
West Nigeria were investigated. Fresh plant of Chromolaena odorata (Astraceae) was harvested in
the morning; the leaf and stem were separated, crushed and weighed for their essential oils. Five
hundred grammes of leaf and stem were separately hydro distilled for 4 hours using Clevenger set-up
apparatus to extract the essentials oils. The constituents of the essential oils were separated, identified
and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-
MS). The major sesquiterpenoids in the leaf oil were caryophyllene (6.40%) and aromadendrene
(6.56%) while the monoterpenoids of large quantity were α- pinene (9.09%) and β-pinene (5.10%).
The principal sesquiterpenoids in the stem essential oil were caryophyllene (9.20%), α – pinene
(13.60%) and Germancrene D (5.0%). while the most abundant monoterpenoids components were β-
pinene (13.60%) and α-pinene (2.60%). The oils were tested against Bacillus cereus and
Pseudomonas syringae PV phaseolicola at concentrations of 0.5 µg/ml and 1.0 µg/ml. While essential
oils of leaf was able to control Bacillus cereus at the two concentrations, the stem oil showed no zone
of inhibition on both organisms at the two concentrations. From the result of this analysis it was
observed that different parts of the plant performed different biological activities.
Key words; Chromolaena odorata, Gas chromatography, Aromadendrene and Germancrene D
Use of Oil Palm Fiber as an Additive in Concrete
OBILADE, IBUKUN OLUBUKOLA Department of Civil Engineering,
Osun State Polytechnic, Iree.
ABSTRACT
A Study on the strength development using Oil Palm Fiber (OPF) as an additive was conducted. Oil
Palm Fiber using four different percentages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% of cement weight
was added to concrete having binder to sand to gravel ratio of 1:2:4 by weight. Compacting factor test
was carried out on fresh concrete while Compressive Strength test was carried out on hardened
150mm concrete cubes after 7, 14 and 28 days curing in water. The results revealed that the
Compacting factor decreased as the percentage addition of Oil Palm Fiber increased from 0.25% to
1.00%. The Bulk Densities of concrete increased as the percentage Oil Palm Fiber added increased up
to 0.50% but decreased on further additions of Oil Palm Fiber. The Compressive Strength of
hardened concrete also increased as the percentage Oil Palm Fiber added increased up to 0.50% but
decreased on further additions. The optimum addition of Oil Palm Fiber to concrete was discovered
to be 0.50%. It is recommended that further studies be carried out to gather more facts about the
suitability of using Oil Palm Fiber as an additive in concrete.
Keywords: Concrete, Oil Palm Fiber, Compacting factor, Compressive Strength
Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulation Capacity of Moringa Plant Parts in Different
Locations in Saki, South West Nigeria
*LAWAL I.A, AZEEZ G.O., MURIANA M. AND ADENIJI S.T. The Polytechnic Ibadan, Science Laboratory Technology
Department, Saki Campus.
*Corresponding Autho: [email protected].
ABSTRACT
Assessment of heavy metals accumulation capacity of Moringa plant parts in different locations in
Saki, South West Nigeria was carried out. Stem back, leaves and roots of Moringa oleifera from three
different locations: busy road, refuse dumping site and new sit were collected at Saki. Samples were
digested by using 75% HNO3 and 25% HCl. The solutions were then filtered and the filterates were
analysed for the presence of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe and Ni Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
(AAS).The results showed moderate concentrations in the samples which are below USEPA and
WHO safe limits. However, Iron was detected in large quantity in all the samples within the range of
2.83ppm-110.12ppm. The element with the least concentration was Cadmium (0.03ppm) which was
detected in the root of the plant. The result of the research shows that the plant root has the highest
potential to accumulate heavy metals because all the metals analysed were detected in it. Since,
Moringa oleifera is popularly used as herbal plant, soil analysis should be encouraged among farmers
for heavy metals concentrations before plants propagation.
Key words: Safe limit, Heavy Metals, Concentration, MoringaOleifera,Herbal plant and Plant
Propagation