the plateau continentlobosgeo.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/3/1/19318683/... · • transition zone...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Plateau
Continent
AFRICA
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Africa
• 2nd largest continent
• Plateaus cover much of
Africa
– Shaped like an upside
down pie plate
• Elevations of Africa
– Red = 4500 Ft above and greater
– Blue = Sea Level
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Sahara
• Sahara means desert in Arabic
• Largest desert in the world
• 2000 miles East/West, 1200 miles
North/South
• Only 20% of the Sahara consists of sand
• Fossil water is located 6,000 ft under the
Sahara’s surface
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Nile River 1. Over 4,000 mi,
long
2. 95% of Egyptians
depend on the Nile
for water---
irrigation, drinking
3. One of the most
densely populated
places in the world
- 3,320 people per
sq. mile
4. Lots of water falls
and rapids along the
Blue Nile
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Sahel • Large area of grassland,
short trees
• Transition zone between
Sahara and central Africa’s
rainforest
• At risk for desertification
– Semi-arid climate
– Climate changes
(drought) causing loss of
vegetation
– Overgrazing has caused
loss of area
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Niger River
• 3rd largest river in Africa
• Niger Delta
– Oil rich area
– 606 oil fields
– The U.S. imports 40% of
the oil from this Delta
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Lake Chad
• Sits on the edge of
the Sahara and Sahel
• Intermittent lake-
grows and shrinks
with the season
• Freshwater lake
– Used to be considered
a wetland
– Has decreased in size
due to drought in the
Sahel
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Mountains of Sub-Saharan Africa
• The majority of Africa’s mountains are dormant
volcanoes.
– Mt Kenya
– Mt. Kilimanjaro
Mt. Kilimanjaro is Africa’s
highest peak.
Why does Kilimanjaro
have snow covered
peaks, if it is located
near the equator?
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Rift Valley • Valley created due to divergent
tectonic plate movement
• Located on the eastern coast
of the African continent
• Clusters of lakes formed at the
bottom of these valleys
– Lakes are long and deep
– Lake Tanganyika: longest
fresh water lake in the
world
– 420 Miles long,
4700 ft. deep
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The Congo Congo Basin
• Large low-lying area
sitting at the center of the
continent
– Drains other smaller rivers
into the Congo River
Congo River
• 2,500 miles long
• Contains waterfalls and
rapids which make
transportation difficult
– 2nd to the Amazon in terms
of water flow
– Used for hydroelectricity
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Hydroelectricity
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Victoria Falls
Devil’s Whirlpool
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Southern Africa’s Deserts
Kalahari Desert
Namib Desert • Extremely arid-
unpredictable rainfall
• Shifting sand dunes
• Rugged mountains
• Humans have removed
much of the vegetation
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Africa’s Abundant Resources
• Mines in Southern Africa
– Gold
– Diamonds
– Platinum
• Oil reserves in Libya, Nigeria,
and Algeria
• Forestry in Central Africa
• Agriculture
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Agriculture • Farming is the most important economic activity
– Subsistence farming is crucial to survival
• Most people in Africa are very poor (live in rural areas, less
economic opportunities, government corruption, lack of education,
etc.)
• As Sub-Saharan Africa becomes more arid, subsistence
farmers will need to survive on less food per day.
2/3 of Africa’s
population is
rural
If most people are
subsistence farmers,
what does this tell
you about the level of
development in
African countries?
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Climate Regions
•Arid zones?
•Sahel?
•Tropical zones?
•Highland zones?
Primary
influences on
climate-
•Latitude
•Wind systems
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Tropics
• 90% of Africa is located between the Tropic of
Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
• July temps average 110-115F everyday
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Rainforests • Located on the equator
– Central Africa
– Tropical climate zone
• Diversity in trees, birds,
animals
• Deforestation becoming
a problem
– Less than 50% of a tree is
used in the timber
industry
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Tropical Grasslands
• Serengeti Plains
– Extensive grasslands
(savanna) in Tanzania
– Very few trees
– Serengeti National
Park
• Herds of Wildebeests,
gazelle, zebras graze
here
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After the Notes
• How does the geography of
Northern Africa differ from Sub-
Saharan Africa?
– Use at least 4 features from your notes
– Write in complete sentences