the planets. the solar system the solar system is made up of the sun and all the objects that travel...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Planets
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The Solar System
• The solar system is made up of the Sun and all the objects that travel around it
• Planets and their moons, asteroids and comets all revolve around the Sun
• Planets also rotate
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Orbital Period
• When an object revolves around a much larger object, it is said to be in orbit
• The time taken for a planet to complete one full revolution around the Sun is its orbital period
• The Earth’s orbital period is 365.25 days
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Rotational Period
• Planets also rotate (spin)
• The time taken for a planet to complete one full rotation is its rotational period
• The Earth’s rotational period is 23h 56 min
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Comparing Planets
• The rotational period, orbital period, mass and diameter of the other planets are always compared to that of Earth
• Distances are given using the astronomical unit (AU) – equal to the average distance from Earth to the
Sun
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The Planets
• Planets are split into three groups:
1.Inner Planets (Terrestrial Planets)
2. Outer Planets (Gas Giants)
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
3. Dwarf Planets
Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Haumea, Makemake
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Mercury
• The Roman name for Hermes (the messenger)
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Distance from Sun 0.39 AU
Diameter 0.38
Mass 0.06
Rotational Period 59 days
Orbital Period 88 days = 0.24 years
Average Surface
Temperature
350ºC
Surface: Covered with craters
Number of moons 0
Fun Fact: Not visible at night
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Venus
• The Roman name for Venus (goddess of love)
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Distance from Sun 0.72 Au
Diameter 0.95
Mass 0.88
Rotational Period 243 days
Orbital Period 225 days = 0.62 years
Average Surface
Temperature
470ºC
(hottest)
Surface: Many volcanoes
Number of moons 0
Fun Fact: Rotates east to west
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Earth
• Also known as “home”
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Distance from Sun 1 Au
Diameter 1
Mass 1
Rotational Period 1 day
Orbital Period 1 year
Average Surface
Temperature
22ºC
Surface: 70% water
Number of moons 1
Fun Fact: Only planet known to sustain life
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Mars
• Roman name for Ares (God of War)
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Distance from Sun 1.52 Au
Diameter 0.53
Mass 0.11
Rotational Period 25 days
Orbital Period 687 days = 1.88 years
Average Surface
Temperature
-23ºC
Surface: Reddish coloured soil
Number of moons 2 (Phobos & Deimos)
Fun Fact: Atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide
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Jupiter
• Roman name for Zeus (chief of the 12 Olympians)
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Distance from Sun 5.27 Au
Diameter 11.25
Mass 318
Rotational Period 10 hours
Orbital Period 12 years
Average Surface
Temperature
–150ºC
Number of moons 63
Fun Fact: Largest planet
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Saturn
• Latin name for Cronus (Father of Zeus)
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Distance from Sun 9.54 Au
Diameter 9.45
Mass 95
Rotational Period 11 hours
Orbital Period 30 years
Average Surface
Temperature
–180ºC
Number of moons 60
Fun Fact: - Rings are composed of
ice-covered rock & dust
- Less dense than water
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Uranus
• Named after the Greek god of the sky (Zeus’s grandfather)
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Distance from Sun 19.19 Au
Diameter 4.01
Mass 15
Rotational Period 17 hours
Orbital Period 84 years
Average Surface
Temperature
–210ºC
Number of moons 27
Fun Fact: Rotates on an axis tilted 90° to the solar plane
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Neptune
• Roman name for Poseidon (Ruler of the Sea)
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Distance from Sun 30.06 AU
Diameter 3.96
Mass 17
Rotational Period 16 hours
Orbital Period 165 years
Average Surface
Temperature
–220ºC
Number of moons 13
Fun Fact: Appears blue because of methane gas
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Pluto
• Roman name for Hades (Ruler of the dead)
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Distance from Sun 39.5 AU
Diameter 0.19
Mass 0.002
Rotational Period 8 days
Orbital Period 248 years
Average Surface
Temperature
–220ºC
Number of moons 1
Fun Fact: Was classified as a planet until mid-2008
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MVEMJSUNP• Remember:
My
Very
Excellent
Mother
Just
Served
Us
Nine
Pizzas
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The Other Dwarfs
• Ceres – Located in the asteroid belt– Largest object in the asteroid belt
• Haumea– Orbits the Sun beyond Neptune– Has two moons
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The Other Dwarfs
• Makemake– Orbits the Sun beyond Neptune– The brightest object in the Kuiper Belt, other
than Pluto
• Eris– Orbits the Sun beyond Neptune– The largest of the dwarf planets– Has one moon (Dysnomia)