the philippines a global model on labor migration

8/18/2019 The Philippines a Global Model on Labor Migration

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THE PHILIPPINES:A GLOBAL MODELON LABOR MIGRATION?

Second Edition

THE PHILIPPINES: A GLOBAL MODEL

ON LABOR MIGRATION? 1


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Published by:

Center for Migrant Advocacy (CMA)Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES)June 2009




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TABLE OF CONTENTSPage Nube!

I"#!$du%#i$" 1Message 5Lis# $& A%!$"ys 9E'e%u#i(e Sua!y

12

PART I Fili)i"$ Lab$! Mig!a#i$": T!e"ds* Issues a"dC$"%e!"s

←hi!i""ine #ea!itie$ 19←%he &!oba! Conte't

←%rend$ in hi!i""ine ver$ea$Migration 200*+200, -0

PART II Re(isi#i"g #he D!+ Al&!ed$ ,+ Ga"a)i"Ad($%a%y F$!u Se!ies* -../0-..1

.*

PART III Re%$e"da#i$"s &!$ #he A,GFS 10-

PART I2 Phili))i"e C$i#e"# #$ #he Hua"Righ#s

$& Mig!a"# 3$!4e!s a"d Thei! Failies

A/ nited ation$ Convention$ and

%reatie$ 15/ 3nternationa! 4abor rganiation

Convention$ 15-C/ i!atera! 4abor Agree6ent$ 15*7/ i!atera! Agree6ent$ on

Seafarer$8 Certification 1.9 E/ i!atera! Socia! Security Agree6ent$ 1,,

F/ hi!i""ine 4a$ and o!icie$ that

Affect F:$ and ver$ea$ Fi!i"ino$ 190 THE PHILIPPINES: A GLOBAL MODEL



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&/ Conc!uding b$ervation$ of the Co66ittee on Migrant :or;er$ 195

INTROD5CTION

3n ctober 200,< the hi!i""ine$ ho$ted the $econd&!oba! Foru6 on Migration and 7eve!o"6ent (&FM7)/#e"re$entative$ fro6 1.0 6e6ber+countrie$ of the nitedation$< internationa! organiation$ and 220 civi! $ocietyorganiation$ ca6e together to di$cu$$ ;ey i$$ue$ on6igration and deve!o"6ent/ &FM7 "artici"ant$ di$cu$$edthe "rotection of the right$ 6igrant or;er$ or!dide a$

one of the foru6=$ three roundtab!e the6e$< hich inc!udedMigration< 7eve!o"6ent and >u6an #ight$< Secure and4ega! Migration and o!icy and 3n$titutiona! Coherence andartner$hi"$/

%he hi!i""ine$ ha$ been touted a$ a g!oba! 6ode!for !abor e'"ort and a$ the fir$t !abor+e'"orting country toho$t the &FM7/ 3t ha$ been !auded by other !abor+e'"orting

countrie$ for it$ hand!ing of it$ !abor+e'"ort "rogra6/Severa! officia!$ of !abor+e'"orting countrie$ have actua!!ya$;ed the hi!i""ine govern6ent to give the6 "ointer$ in6anaging and deve!o"ing their !abor+e'"ort "rogra6$/

:ith $o6e ,/* 6i!!ion 6igrant$< over$ea$ Fi!i"inoor;er$ (F:$)< and undocu6ented or;er over$ea$ hore6it 6ore than 12 bi!!ion do!!ar$ each year< the hi!i""inegovern6ent ha$ "a$$ed a nu6ber of !a$< in$tituted"o!icie$< and created $tructure$ for the "ur"o$e of $ervingthe need$ of it$ over$ea$ or;er$ and their fa6i!ie$/ %hehi!i""ine$ i$ a!$o a State "arty to "ractica!!y a!!internationa! and 34 in$tru6ent$ that "ro6ote thehu6an right$ of 6igrant$/

3n 6any ca$e$< hoever< 6any Fi!i"ino 6igrant$ $ti!!find the6$e!ve$ in vu!nerab!e $ituation$ and are unab!e to




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rea!ie the right$ guaranteed by nationa! and internationa!in$tru6ent$/

3$ the hi!i""ine govern6ent rea!!y a ?6ode!@ for over$ea$ !abor e'"ort 6anage6ent 7oe$ it$ !a$ andagencie$ tru!y $erve the need$ of Fi!i"ino over$ea$ or;er$and their fa6i!ie$ >a$ the country been ab!e to dra oninternationa! in$tru6ent$ to "ro6ote their right$

%hi$ "ub!ication $ee;$ to un"ac; the conce"t of a?g!oba! 6ode!@ and e'a6ine hi!i""ine !abor 6igration

"o!icie$< not 6ere!y in ter6$ of the nu6erou$ !a$< "o!icie$and internationa! hu6an right$ in$tru6ent$ it ha$ enactedand ratified but 6ore $o in ter6$ of the efficacy of the$e"o!icie$ to re$"ond "ro6"t!y and adeBuate!y to the $ituationof 6igrant$ throughout the entire 6igration cyc!e "rior tode"arture< on+$ite and u"on return to the hi!i""ine$/

art ne "re$ent$ the hi!i""ine and internationa!

conte't$ of !abor 6igration/

Phili))i"e Reali#ies di$cu$$e$ the "re$ent $ocio+econo6ic and "o!itica! $ituation in the country/ %he$erea!itie$ i!! e'"!ain ho the hi!i""ine$ ca6e to be theor!d8$ third !abor+e'"orting country/

Gl$bal C$"#e'# of Migration ta;e$ off fro6 the"heno6enon of g!oba!iation and di$cu$$e$ the "u$h and"u!! factor$ that have both co6"e!!ed and attracted 6i!!ion$or!dide to beco6e 6igrant or;er$/

T!e"ds i" Phili))i"e O(e!seas Mig!a#i$" -..60-..1 $"ecifica!!y focu$e$ on 6aDor deve!o"6ent$ thatconcerned Fi!i"ino 6igrant or;er$ ithin thi$ "eriod/ %hi$"art "rovide$ infor6ation on the nu6ber$ and di$tribution of 6igrant Fi!i"ino$ to 6aDor de$tination countrie$/ 3t a!$o




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touche$ on the fai!ure of govern6ent to curb e'ce$$ive"!ace6ent fee$ and i!!ega! recruit6ent< cha!!enging the ideaof the hi!i""ine$ a$ a g!oba! 6ode! for over$ea$ 6igration/%hi$ "art further rai$e$ a Bue$tion on the Buantity andBua!ity of re$ource$ co66itted by the hi!i""inegovern6ent toard$ fu!fi!!ing it$ $tate re$"on$ibi!ity toF:$/ 4a$t!y< it touche$ on the "o!itica! right$ and right tofa6i!y !ife of 6igrant Fi!i"ino$/

art$ 33 and 333 revi$it the 1, "ub!ic foru6$ that CMAand FES conducted in the "a$t five year$ (200-+200,)/ %hi$

$ection ta;e$ a critica! !oo; at the co6"i!ation of the variou$re$o!ution$< cha!!enge$ and "ro6i$e$ that ca6e out of theBuarter!y 7r/ A!fredo J/ &ana"in Advocacy Foru6 Serie$(AJ&FS)< bearing in 6ind the under!ying Bue$tion of hether the hi!i""ine govern6ent indeed ho!d$ u" a$ ag!oba! 6ode! for other !abor+e'"orting $tate$/ A "rogre$$re"ort on the $tatu$ of the variou$ reco66endation$ thatca6e out i$ a!$o inc!uded/ %hi$ i!! $erve a$ a guide "o$t to

advocate$ and govern6ent a!i;e on their effort$ to "ro6oteand "rotect the right$ of 6igrant or;er$/

art 3 i$ an annotated !i$ting of the hi!i""inegovern6ent=$ co66it6ent to the hu6an right$ of 6igrant$at the internationa!< bi!atera! and nationa! !eve!$/ 3tenu6erate$ the variou$ and 34 Convention$ that thehi!i""ine$ i$ a State arty to the bi!atera! !abor and $ocia!$ecurity agree6ent$ that it ha$ forged< and the 6aDor hi!i""ine !egi$!ation$ and "o!icie$ that have been $ignedand enacted/ 3t a!$o inc!ude$ the Conc!uding b$ervation$of the Co66ittee on the Migrant :or;er$ Convention init$ fir$t ti6e $e$$ion ith the hi!i""ine$ a$ a State arty tothe Migrant :or;er$ Convention in A"ri! 2009/




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:e ho"e that the reader$< e$"ecia!!y 6igrant$=right$ advocate$++ in govern6ent and out$ide of it< i!! findthi$ "a"er u$efu! in their or;/

Fina!!y< CMA than;$ 3ila R$7as for doing the fina!co"y edit of the 6anu$cri"t/ :i!6a i$ doing her fie!d or;ith CMA in "artia! fu!fi!!6ent of her "o$t+graduate cour$e inthe 7e"art6ent of :o6en and 7eve!o"6ent Studie$<Co!!ege of Socia! :or; and Co66unity 7eve!o"6ent<niver$ity of the hi!i""ine$ in 7i!i6an/ Many than;$ a!$o toMa!ia Ally" A%$s#a< a daughter of an F: in Saudi

Arabia and our vo!unteer in CMA< for the cover de$ign/

Ce"#e! &$! Mig!a"# Ad($%a%y ,u"e -..8Ma"ila

MESSAGE




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%he Friedrich+Ebert+Stiftung (FES) i$ a &er6annon+"rofit educationa! and "o!itica! foundation active in thehi!i""ine$ for the "a$t forty+to year$/ ro6oting"artici"atory de6ocracy< $ocia! Du$tice and "roviding$"ace$ for dia!ogue in enhancing internationa!under$tanding< it ha$ e$tab!i$hed "artner$hi"$ ith variou$$ector$ in the country and ithin the region/ %hroughcoo"eration ith non+govern6enta! organiation$ (&$)<!abor grou"$< the acade6e and the govern6ent< FES $ee;$to contribute in bui!ding a 6ore inc!u$ive "o!itica! $y$te6

and a "eo"!e+centered econo6ic deve!o"6ent/ 3t i$ thu$on!y natura! for FES to or; ith the cata!y$t$ of deve!o"6ent< i/e/< the or;ing "eo"!e/ A6ong tho$e<6igrant or;er$ 6erit $o6e $"ecia! attention due to their ro!e a$ driver$ of and< 6ore often than not< victi6$ of anecono6ic $y$te6 that increa$ing!y tran$cend$ nationa!border$/

A$ the nu6ber of over$ea$ Fi!i"ino or;er$ (F:$)re6ain$ unabated< FES vie$ it$ ro!e in faci!itatingco!!aboration a6ong different grou"$ or;ing ith 6igranti$$ue$ a$ e$$entia!/ FES engage$ ith actor$ in civi! $ocietyand govern6ent in broadening the di$cour$e on the currentfra6eor; of !abor 6igration and in the fu!! i6"!e6entationof !a$ "ertaining to 6igrant$/

3n addre$$ing ga"$ in the under$tanding anda""reciation of !abor 6igration i$$ue$ by variou$ grou"$ +a6ong F:$< 6igrant &$ and other $ectora!organiation$< govern6ent agencie$< the di"!o6atic cor"$<the 6edia and the "ub!ic at !arge+++FES and the Center for Migrant Advocacy+hi!i""ine$ (CMA+hi!i""ine$) conductedregu!ar briefing$ on 6igration i$$ue$/ y "roviding $har"ana!y$e$ and "ro6oting $ound reco66endation$ for "o!icy6a;er$ in both the nationa! and internationa! arena$<




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the FES+CMA "artner$hi" contribute$ in forging a broad+ba$ed coo"eration a6ong 6igrant$ and advocate$ in thecountry and over$ea$/ Fro6 2005 unti! 200,< the Buarter!ydi$cu$$ion$< the 7r/ A!fredo J/ &ana"in (AJ&) AdvocacyForu6 Serie$< created a $"ace here $ta;eho!der$++++govern6ent< non+govern6ent grou"$< co6"etent re$ource"er$on$ and 6igrant or;er$+++get together to di$cu$$$e!ected i$$ue$< e'a6ine the i6"act on the 6igrant $ector<and identify "o$$ib!e re$"on$e$ of the variou$ $ta;eho!der$/

A6ong the the6e$ tac;!ed in the AJ& Advocacy Foru6Serie$ inc!udeG &A%SHMode - rotection of the #ight$ of

Migrant :or;er$ and the #o!e of %rade nion$ in 4abor+Sending and #eceiving Countrie$ o!icy 3$$ue$ on S;i!!edMigrationG %he Ca$e of Fi!i"ino ur$e$ inay I+AbroadG%he >o6eco6ingG Storie$ of %ear$ and %riu6"h$ AMigration Centennia! Foru6G Migration ro$"ect$ F:$<%raffic;ing and 3rregu!ar Migration Fi!i"ino Seafarer$Econo6ic$ of Migration and the ASEA 7ec!aration onMigrant :or;er$/

%he 6u!ti+di6en$iona! "roce$$ of 6igration i$ notrando6 but rather e6bedded in hi$torica!< "o!itica!< $ocia!and econo6ic re!ation$hi"$/ Certain!y the$e dyna6ic$ "o$eenor6ou$ "rob!e6$ but they a!$o a!!o for neo""ortunitie$/ %he greate$t cha!!enge ha$ to do ith thefact that in order to re$o!ve !oca! "rob!e6$ or ta;eadvantage of certain o""ortunitie$< variou$ actor$<"articu!ar!y govern6ent agencie$< civi! $ociety

re"re$entative$ and organiation< 6u$t not 6aintain a"arochia! or!dvie but in$tead co6e u" ith agenda thatare a""ro"riate< innovative and inc!u$ive/ %he increa$ingg!oba! econo6ic rece$$ion add$ concern$ a$ to ho to$afeguard the 6igrant or;er$ in the increa$ing!y f!e'ib!e!abor 6ar;et$ and ho to $u""ort the $ucce$$fu!reintegration of returning 6igrant or;er$ to !oca!econo6ie$/




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FES con$ider$ the e'e6"!ary "roce$$ by hich thedia!ogue$ ere conducted and here variou$ 6igration$ta;eho!der$ ere ab!e to active!y "artici"ate in thedi$cu$$ion$/ %he re$u!t$ of the "roce$$ do not entire!yre"re$ent the thought$ or "!an$ of FES or ref!ect theo"inion$ of the foundation/ FES continue$ to $u""ort the6igration $ta;eho!der$ in the country becau$e the Dob of "roviding a $afe or;"!ace< re"re$entation for the intere$tof the 6igrant or;er$ and their fa6i!ie$ and "ro$"ect$ for the individua! and co!!ective e6"oer6ent anddeve!o"6ent of or;er$ both at ho6e and abroad i$ far

fro6 done/ :e va!ue the "roce$$ e he!"ed $et underayand !oo; forard yet again to 6ore o""ortunitie$ for con$tructive dia!ogue$ ith other $ta;eho!der$< thegovern6ent agencie$< civi! $ociety organiation$ and the"rivate $ector on area$ for co!!aboration and further deve!o"6ent of "o!icie$ urgent!y needed to "rotect 6igrantright$/

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The F!ied!i%h Ebe!# S#iu"g 9FES i$ a &er6annon+"rofit< "rivate "o!itica! foundation co66itted to theconce"t$ and ba$ic va!ue$ of $ocia! de6ocracy/ %he FES"ro6ote$ de6ocracy and $ocia! Du$tice ithin the conte't of nationa! $ocietie$ a$ e!! a$ internationa! coo"eration/ 3t$"roDect$ give $"ecia! focu$ onG

ro6oting $ocio+"o!itica! dia!ogue beteen variou$grou"$< in the under$tanding that "eace andde6ocracy can on!y "revai! on the ba$i$ of $haringand co6"ro6i$ing

E6"oering 6argina!ied $ocia! $ector$ andgrou"$ to re"re$ent their intere$t$ in area$ of $ocio+econo6ic and $ocio+"o!itica! deci$ion+6a;ing

E'change "rogra6$ and internationa! coo"erationto bui!d aarene$$ of g!oba! interde"endence of




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$tate$ and $ocietie$ and the need for 6u!ti!atera!i$6ith fair "artici"ation/

FES i$ a &er6an organiation ith activitie$ in 6orethan 100 countrie$/ :hi!e it$ headBuarter$ i$ !ocated inonn and er!in< it 6aintain$ a netor; of branch office$ in$o6e ,0 countrie$/ %he regiona! office i$ !ocated inSinga"ore hi!e the FES hi!i""ine$ ffice coordinate$regiona! activitie$ on !abor 6igration/




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Lis# $& A%!$"ys

ACM: A$ean Co66ittee on Migrant :or;er$ AJ&AFS 7r/ A!fredo J/ &ana"in Advocacy Foru6 Serie$ AME7 A!!iance of Migrant :or;er$ and Advocate$ to

A6end #A ,0-2 ASEA A$$ociation of Southea$t A$ian ation$4A$ i!atera! 4abor Agree6ent$CA# Cordi!!era Ad6ini$trative #egionCC% C!o$ed+Circuit %e!evi$ionCE7A: Convention on the E!i6ination of A!! For6$ of

7i$cri6ination Again$t :o6enCF Co66i$$ion on Fi!i"ino$ ver$ea$C># Co66i$$ion on >u6an #ight$CMA Center for Migrant AdvocacyCME4EC Co66i$$ion on E!ection$CA Co6"rehen$ive rientation rogra6 for

erfor6ing Arti$t$C4A Certified 4i$t of ver$ea$ Ab$entee oting

CS$ Civi! Society rganiation$7FA 7e"art6ent of Foreign Affair$77 7e"art6ent of ationa! 7efen$e7J 7e"art6ent of Ju$ticeE E'ecutive rder EA Econo6ic artner$hi" Agree6ent$ES E6"!oy6ent er6it Sy$te6FES Friedrich Ebert StiftungF%A Free %rade Agree6entF:#C$ Fi!i"ino :or;er$ #e$ource Center$&C3M &!oba! Co66i$$ion on 3nternationa! Migration&7 &ro$$ 7o6e$tic roduct&FM7 &!oba! Foru6 on Migration and 7eve!o"6ent& &ro$$ ationa! roduct>3+A37S >u6an 366unodeficiency iru$ AcBuired

366une 7eficiency Syndro6e># >ou$e #e$o!ution




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>S: >ou$eho!d Service :or;er$34AS 3nternationa! 4abor Affair$ Service$34C 3nternationa! 4abor Conference34 3nternationa! 4abor rganiationJEA Ja"an+hi!i""ine$ Econo6ic artner$hi"

Agree6ent4FS 4abor Force Survey4&$ 4oca! &overn6ent nit$MA Me6orandu6 of Agree6entM Me6orandu6 of nder$tandingM34F Moro 3$!a6ic 4iberation Front

M%7 Mediu6+%er6 hi!i""ine 7eve!o"6ent !an& on+&overn6ent rganiationA ver$ea$ Ab$entee otingA4 ver$ea$ Ab$entee oting 4aCA ffice of Con$u!ar Affair$F: ver$ea$ Fi!i"ino :or;er AS ver$ea$ erfor6ing Arti$t$M:A ffice of the nder$ecretary for Migrant :or;er$

Affair$::A ver$ea$ :or;er$ :e!fare Ad6ini$trationES re+E6"!oy6ent rientation Se6inar 7S re+7e"arture rientation Se6inar MA hi!i""ine Medica! A$$ociationEA hi!i""ine ver$ea$ E6"!oy6ent Ad6ini$tration4 hi!i""ine ver$ea$ 4abor ffice#A #e"ub!ic ActS Senate i!!S&3SM Shared &overn6ent 3nfor6ation Sy$te6 on

MigrationSS+SMS SS+Short Me$$aging Sy$te6 for F:$ in

di$tre$$SSS Socia! Security Sy$te6%ES7A %echnica! Education and S;i!!$ 7eve!o"6ent

Authority nited ation$




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7ESA nited ation$ 7e"art6ent of Econo6ic$ andSocia! Affair$

3CEF nited ation$ Chi!dren=$ Education Fund CM: nited ation$ Convention on the #ight$ of A!!

Migrant :or;er$ and Me6ber$ of %heir Fa6i!ie$ M:C Migrant :or;er$ Co66ittee:> :or!d >ea!th rganiation:%+&A%S :or!d %rade rganiation=$ &enera!

Agree6ent$ on %rade in Service$




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E;EC5TI2E S5MMAR<

%he hi!i""ine$ ha$ been touted a$ a g!oba! 6ode!for !abor e'"ort/ 3n not a fe internationa! gathering$<hi!i""ine officia!$ have been !auded for their hand!ing of the country=$ !abor+e'"ort "rogra6/ fficia!$ of !abor+e'"orting countrie$ have even actua!!y a$;ed the hi!i""inegovern6ent officia!$ to give the6 "ointer$ in 6anaging anddeve!o"ing their !abor+e'"ort "rogra6$/

:ith $o6e ,/* 6i!!ion 6igrant$< over$ea$ Fi!i"ino

or;er$ (F:$)< and undocu6ented or;er over$ea$ hore6it 6ore than 12 bi!!ion do!!ar$ each year< the hi!i""ine$ha$ a nu6ber of !a$ in "!ace and agencie$ 6andated tothe $erve the need$ of it$ over$ea$ or;er$ and their fa6i!ie$/ Severa! internationa! in$tru6ent$ to "ro6ote6igrant$= right$ have a!$o been "ut in effect the "a$tdecade/

3n 6any ca$e$< hoever< Fi!i"ino 6igrant$ $ti!! findthe6$e!ve$ in vu!nerab!e $ituation$ and unab!e to rea!ietheir right$ guaranteed by nationa! and internationa!in$tru6ent$/

7oe$ the hi!i""ine$ !ive u" to it$ i6age a$ a 6ode!for over$ea$ !abor e'"ort 7o it$ !a$ and agencie$ rea!!y$erve the need$ of Fi!i"ino over$ea$ or;er$ and their fa6i!ie$ >a$ the country been ab!e to dra oninternationa! in$tru6ent$ in "ro6oting the right$ of Fi!i"ino$abroad

%hi$ docu6ent $ee;$ to !ay bare the conce"t of a?g!oba! 6ode!@ by "re$enting current hi!i""ine and g!oba!rea!itie$ and ho the$e affect and inf!uence !abor out6igration in the country/ 3t i!! e'a6ine a$ e!!




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hi!i""ine !abor 6igration "o!icie$< not 6ere!y in theory buta!$o in ter6$ of rea!itie$ on the ground/

a$ed on the fact$ and rea!itie$ "re$ented in thi$"a"er< reader$ can either re6ain convinced that thehi!i""ine$ rea!!y i$ a ?6ode!@ that $hou!d be e6u!ated < or they can turn into critic$ of the current !abor e'"ort"rogra6/

3t ha$ $evera! "art$/ Pa!# I inc!ude$ Phili))i"eReali#ies< Gl$bal C$"#e'#* a"d T!e"ds i" Phili))i"e

O(e!seas Mig!a#i$" -..60-..1+ Co6bined together<the$e three to"ic$ di$cu$$ the 6aDor "u$h and "u!! factor$that eigh heavi!y on the e'"anding Fi!i"ino 4abor Migration/

Phili))i"e Reali#ies di$cu$$e$ the "re$ent $ocio+econo6ic and "o!itica! $ituation in the country/ %he$erea!itie$ e'"!ain ho the hi!i""ine$ ha$ turned into the

or!d8$ third !arge$t !abor+e'"orting country in the or!d/

3t 6ention$ the 6ode$t groth in the hi!i""ineecono6y< but at the $a6e ti6e "oint$ to the ab$ence of atric;!e don effect that re$u!t$ in increa$ing une6"!oy6entand undere6"!oy6ent< ide$"read "overty< and the ri$ingnu6ber of urban and rura! "oor/

%hi$ $ection a!$o beai!$ the di$6a! "ub!ic $ervicein the hea!th and education $ector$< both of hich havenever received enough attention fro6 the currentad6ini$tration/

3t give$ u"date$ on the effect of the current g!oba!cri$i$ on the e6"!oy6ent of or;er$ ithin the country andon the de"!oy6ent and e6"!oy6ent of F:$/




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Fina!!y< it touche$ on the $tate of "o!itic$ in thecountry< arguing that the Arroyo ad6ini$tration ha$< for the"a$t three year$< been $uffering fro6 a dee" "o!itica! cri$i$/%hi$ $ection a!$o "re$ent$ evidence on the continuinghu6an right$ vio!ation$ in the country/

Gl$bal C$"#e'# of Migration ta;e$ off on the"heno6enon of g!oba!iation and ho it "rovide$ the "u!!factor$ that have $ignificant!y rai$ed the nu6ber of 6igrantor;er$ or!dide/ #i$ing 6obi!ity and the increa$e in theor!d=$ "o"u!ation of 6igrant$ are to deve!o"6ent$ that

ca6e ith g!oba!iation/

Sl$= )$)ula#i$" g!$=#h and a" agei"g)$)ula#i$" in deve!o"ed countrie$ are to factor$ $een toinf!uence the increa$e in i66igration or de"!oy6ent of 6igrant or;er$ to the$e countrie$/

%hi$ $ection further !i$t$ other deve!o"6ent$ that i!!

!i;e!y contribute to groing 6obi!ity acro$$ border$G >The!a)id )a%e $& #e%h"$l$gi%al de(el$)e"#s* -Theg!$=#h $& gl$bal )!$du%#i$" sys#es* The g!$=i"gi"&$!ali@a#i$" $& =$!4+

4a$t!y< thi$ $ection contend$ that 6igrant or;er$are often the fir$t to !o$e their Dob$ during econo6icdonturn$< a$ in the current g!oba! financia! cri$i$/

T!e"ds i" Phili))i"e O(e!seas Mig!a#i$" -..60-..1 $"ecifica!!y focu$e$ on 6aDor deve!o"6ent$ in the"eriod 200*+200, concerning Fi!i"ino 6igrant or;er$/

3t a!$o 6ention$ brief!y ho !abor 6igration ha$been in$titutiona!i$ed to re$"ond to the Dob$ cri$i$ in thecountry/ 3n that !ight< it a$;$ if the hi!i""ine$ i$ rea!!y a




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g!oba! 6ode! for over$ea$ 6igration in the conte't of 6igrant$ right$ "rotection/

%hi$ $ection !i;ei$e !i$t$ don and di$cu$$e$ thecore i$$ue$ that confront Fi!i"ino 6igrant or;er$ at a!!!eve!$ of the 6igration cyc!eG > Fei"i@a#i$" $& Fili)i"$Lab$! Mig!a#i$"* - 5"d$%ue"#ed Fili)i"$sO(e!seas* Mig!a#i$" C$s#s a"d Re%!ui#e"#Age"%ies* /O(e!seas P$s#s a"d Pe!s$""el* Lii#ed Nube! $& Re)!ese"#a#i(e O%es* A%u#eLa%4 $& Pe!s$""el O(e!seas* 6 P$li#i%al !igh#s a"d

!e)!ese"#a#i$" i" g$(e!"a"%e s#!u%#u!e* 1N$%$"sul#a#i$"* N$ 2$i%e i" De%isi$"0Ma4i"g* 8 S$%ialC$s#s $& Mig!a#i$"* a"d* >.Rei"#eg!a#i$"+

3n c!o$ing< thi$ $ection< after "re$enting currentrea!itie$ faced by F:$< a$;$ if the hi!i""ine$ i$ rea!!y ag!oba! 6ode! for !abor out6igration/

art$ 33 and 333 re+e'a6ine the 1, "ub!ic foru6$ thatCMA and FES conducted beteen 200- and 200,/ %he$e"art$ $"ecifica!!y ta;e a critica! !oo; at the co6"i!ation of thevariou$ re$o!ution$< cha!!enge$ and "ro6i$e$ that ca6e outof the no+regu!ar A!fredo J/ &ana"in Advocacy Foru6Serie$ (AJ&FS)< having in 6ind the under!ying Bue$tion of ho the hi!i""ine$ ho!d$ u" a$ a g!oba! 6ode! for other !abor+e'"orting countrie$/

Pa!# II $tart$ ith the year 200-< hich feature$ thethree foru6$ onG R$u"d #able Dis%ussi$" $" O(e!seasAbse"#ee 2$#i"g* O(e!seas Fili)i"$s Age"da Buildi"gC$"&e!e"%e* a"d O"0si#e P!$#e%#i$" &$! Mig!a"#Fili)i"$s+

Meanti6e< the year 2005 had four foru6$G 3TOGATS M$de /: A P!es%!i)#i$" &$! Mig!a#i$"?*




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P!$#e%#i$" $& #he Righ#s $& Mig!a"# 3$!4e!s a"d #heR$le $& T!ade 5"i$"s i" Lab$!0Se"di"g a"d Re%ei(i"gC$u"#!ies* P$li%y Issues $" S4illed Mig!a#i$": TheCase $& Fili)i"$ Nu!ses* a"d Pi"ay ;0Ab!$ad:S#$!ies $& Tea!s a"d T!iu)hs+

4ater< the year 200. featuredG Ga"i#$ Tay$Ngay$"* Paa"$ Tay$ Bu4as? P!$s)e%#s $& Fili)i"$Lab$! Mig!a#i$" a"d Phili))i"e De(el$)e"#* OF3s*I!!egula! Mig!a#i$"* a"d T!a%4i"g* Na#i$"al F$!u$" #he -.. ILO Ma!i#ie Lab$! C$"(e"#i$":

I)lee"#i"g #he Mag"a Ca!#a &$! Fili)i"$Sea&a!e!s* a"d R$u"d #able Dis%ussi$" $" P!a%#i%ala"d Legal Reedies #$ Add!ess #he "eeds $& Failies Aba"d$"ed by O(e!seas Fili)i"$ 3$!4e!s+

ear 200* had the fo!!oing foru6$G The ASEANDe%la!a#i$" &$! #he P!$#e%#i$" a"d P!$$#i$" $& Mig!a"# 3$!4e!s: 3ha#s Ne'#?* P!$$#i"g a"d

Fullli"g #he Hua" Righ#s $& 1./-* Re(isi#i"g RA1./- a"d Bey$"d* A Call #$ A%#i$": "$=


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$hortco6ing$ on the area$ of P$li%y* Resea!%h a"dRes$u!%e All$%a#i$" a"d S#a"g+

%ho$e addre$$ed to 7i"!o6atic o$t$< erereco66endation$ on Ne#=$!4i"g* S#a"g* O"0Si#ePe!s$""el* a"d P!$g!as a"d Se!(i%es+

%he hi!i""ine ver$ea$ E6"!oy6ent Ad6ini$tration (EA)< received reco66endation$ on it$hand!ing of %$"#!a%#s* age"%ies a"d sea&a!e!s+

n the other hand< the ver$ea$ :or;er$ :e!fare Ad6ini$tration (::A) got reco66endation$ on the area$of Re)!ese"#a#i$"* P!$g!as a"d Se!(i%es* a"d P!e0De)a!#u!e O!ie"#a#i$" Sei"a!s+

Congre$$ received a$ e!! reco66endation$ on thearea$ of Legisla#i$" a"d Se!(i%es< it$ O(e!sigh#Fu"%#i$"< and the i$$ue of O(e!seas 2$#i"g/

#eco66endation$ on Cro$$+Cutting &overn6ent%he6e$< $uch a$ Mul#ila#e!al a"d Bila#e!alAg!eee"#s a"d I"&$!a#i$" a"d Edu%ation ereaddre$$ed to 7FA< 7i"!o6atic o$t$< EAigher Education (C>E7)/

ther reco66endation$ ere $i6i!ar!y addre$$ed to

the 7e"art6ent of 4abor and E6"!oy6ent (74E)< 4oca!&overn6ent nit$< the 7e"art6ent of Ju$tice and theCourt$/

Pa!# I2 i$ an annotated !i$ting of variou$ and34 Convention$ a!ready ratified by the hi!i""ine$< thebi!atera! agree6ent$ $o far forged by our govern6ent< andthe 6aDor hi!i""ine !egi$!ation$ and "o!icie$ that the!egi$!ative and e'ecutive branche$ have enacted/




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%he hi!i""ine govern6ent i$ a!ready co66itted toG>5"i#ed Na#i$"s C$"(e"#i$"s a"d T!ea#ies*-I"#e!"a#i$"al Lab$! O!ga"i@a#i$" C$"(e"#i$"s*Bila#e!al Lab$! Ag!eee"#s* /Bila#e!alAg!eee"#s $" Sea&a!e!sJ Ce!#i%a#i$"* Bila#e!alS$%ial Se%u!i#y Ag!eee"#s* Phili))i"e La=s a"dP$li%ies #ha# Ae%# OF3s a"d O(e!seas Fili)i"$s*a"d* 6C$"%ludi"g Obse!(a#i$"s $& #he 5NC$i##ee $" Mig!a"# 3$!4e!s




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PART I 0 Fili)i"$ Lab$! Mig!a#i$": T!e"ds* Issues a"dC$"%e!"s

A+ PHILIPPINE REALITIES

%he hi!i""ine econo6y gre by a 6ode$t -/.K in200,1/%hi$ dre on the $trong "erfor6ance$ of 6anufacturing< con$truction and trade/ ut the $o+ca!!edgroth in 6anufacturing a$ driven by food 6anufacturing/%hi$ a$ !i;e!y due to increa$ing i6"ortation co$t anddoub!e+digit increa$e$ in the "rice$ of food< hich gre an

average of 1*K during the "eriod according to inf!ationfigure$/2

Ju$t a$ e!!< the -/.K &7 groth fe!! $hort of the*+,K annua! &7 groth rate needed unti! 2010 togenerate 1/- 1/. 6i!!ion Dob$ "er year< a$ $tated in the

Mediu6+%er6 hi!i""ine 7eve!o"6ent !an (M%7) for 200-+2010/

Con$truction and trade< 6eanhi!e< are driven byF: re6ittance$< a$ $een in the 6u$hroo6ing of condo6iniu6$ and increa$ed con$u6"tion $"ending byF:$8 fa6i!ie$/ &roth on the de6and $ide a$ driven byhou$eho!d $"ending/ ut the g!oba! financia! cri$i$ 6ay

1 The Philippine National Statistical Coordination Board

(NSCB http!""###$nsc%$&o'$ph"2 Slo# 3) re'eals econo*+,s real crisis-. IBON Media

Release* No'e*%er 27- 20083 The /or* ond ta%le on the e*plo+*ent sitation in the

contr+-. The 5P F$!u* ol*e 9- N*%er 5- Septe*%er

cto%er 2008




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re$u!t in decrea$ed F: e6"!oy6ent and de"!oy6ent in2009< re$u!ting in a dec!ine in re6ittance$/-

P$(e!#y* Pe!sis#e"%e $& 5"e)l$ye"# a"d5"de!e)l$ye"#* L$= 3age Le(elsG Ma$$ 6igrationta;e$ "!ace in the hi!i""ine$ "ri6ari!y becau$e of thefai!ure of govern6ent to "rovide decent Dob$ and decentage$ to it$ "eo"!e/ According to the Socia! :eather Station< a$ of 7ece6ber 1< 200,< 2*/9K of Fi!i"ino adu!t"o"u!ation or 11 6i!!ion "eo"!e are une6"!oyed5/ A$ob$erved by the Co66ittee on Econo6ic< Socia!< and

Cu!tura! #ight$ during it$ e'a6ination of the hi!i""ine$8co6"!iance ith the ESC# Convention< ?the !ac; of e6"!oy6ent o""ortunitie$ ha$ !ed 6uch of the "o"u!ation of or;ing age to e6igrate/.%he 6atter of !o !eve!$ of 6ini6u6 age a$ another factor that "u$he$ "eo"!e to6igrate over$ea$/* Another 6igration "u$h factor i$ 6a$$"overty de$"ite the "o$itive high 6acro econo6icindicator$/ 3n 200*< .K of the "o"u!ation a$ be!o the

"overty !eve!,

/

3$!se"i"g u"e)l$ye"#+ A"ri! 200, 4abor Force Survey (4FS) data $hoed that the country=$e6"!oy6ent rate a$ e$ti6ated at 92K/ A!6o$t ha!f of the$e (-9/.K) ere in the $ervice $ector< /5K in theagricu!ture $ector< and 1-/9K in the indu$try $ector /9

4 %id5 i&ration p despite econo*ic crisis$ &ence /rancePresse$ /irst

Posted 16!26!00 02"24"20096 te* 19- Concldin& %ser'ations on the Philippines %+ the N

Co**ittee on cono*ic- Social and Cltral i&hts- 41 st Session-

No'e*%er 2008- :ene'a$7 te* 22$ %id$8 te* 28$ %id$9 ;er%ert $ Briola- ation

? ace to the Botto*-. iNFOC5S* ;anar+;ne 2008




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%he une6"!oy6ent rate $tand$ at ,K or 2/9 6i!!ionFi!i"ino$/ Since ado"ting a ne definition of une6"!oy6entin A"ri! 2005


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6ore than three 6i!!ion in a!!/1- 3n 200.< 6ore than ha!f or 55/, "ercent of a!! un"aid fa6i!y or;er$ ere o6en/15

N$ #!i%4le d$=" ee%#+ %he "ur"orted -/.K &7groth rate< a$ ith the "o$itive groth rate$ dec!ared bythe govern6ent in the "a$t


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"o$itive groth rate$ that have been regi$tered in the "a$tyear$1,/

A Socia! :eather Station$ $urvey in 7ece6ber 200,found that invo!untary hunger a$ e'"erienced at !ea$tonce in the "a$t three 6onth$ by a third (1/-K) of thefa6i!ie$ a6ong the une6"!oyed19/ %hi$ nu6ber a$ a!6o$tdoub!e the $tati$tic$ fro6 the "reviou$ yearG in January200*< 16.2% of Filipino families or 2.9 million families(14.5 million Filipinos) experienced involuntaryhuner .20

A!6o$t 1./1 6i!!ion Fi!i"ino or;er$ or 6ore than50K of the !abor force earn age$ around 5


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medical personnel and facilities particularly inprovincial hospitals clinics and health centers.22

!ealth delivery especially for /omen andchildren has remained "eyond the reach of the poor.%he hi!i""ine$ ha$ the third highe$t "reva!ence of 6a!nutrition in A$ia ith figure$ that account for a!6o$t 126i!!ion of the 1* 6i!!ion chi!dren aged 2 to 10 erediagno$ed a$ being 6a!nouri$hed/ %he country ran;$$econd in infant 6orta!ity rate in a!! of A$iaG ,2


28/218

*octors and nurses are leavin the country at an evenfaster rate. he hilippine 7edical ssociation (7)reported that of the ,5&&& doctors in its roster 6&&&are no/ /orin a"road.2.

*ue to the continuous demand for nursesoverseas former *epartment of !ealth -ecretary*octor 8aime alve3:an said that the num"er of doctors /ho have do/nraded themselves into nurseshas reached 9&&&. lmost 6&&& of them had left for the;nited -tates. 7ore distur"in is that &% of these

doctors:turned:nurses /ere overnment doctors.2*

#n terms of ivin attention to education there isa decreasin and sustained indifference to/ards one of the most important social services functions of theovernment. From ,.% in proportion to the + in199 under resident


29/218

he measly "udet allotted for education hastranslated into severe lac of school facilities learninmaterials primarily text"oos and rossly underpaidpu"lic school teachers.

#n turn many teachers have opted to try their luc a"road areein to /or as domestic /orers andcaretaers. hese =o"s are /ay "elo/ the academictrainin these teachers have "ut nevertheless paymuch "etter than "ein teachers in the hilippines.

Ee%#s $& #he gl$bal %!isis/ %he !ate$t foreca$t bythe 3nternationa! Monetary Fund on the hi!i""ine$ i$ a erogroth rate for 20091/

%he g!oba! cri$i$ i$ battering the country=$ e'"ort+oriented indu$trie$ !i;e e!ectronic$ and gar6ent$< re$u!tingin the !ay off of or;er$ or cutting don the or;ee; to afe day$/2

4abor and E6"!oy6ent nder$ecretary #o$a!indaa!do re"orted that for the "eriod ctober 200, to March2009< $o6e 109


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:or$t hit i$ the e!ectronic$ indu$try< hich $ince theear!y 19.0$ earned over 50K of the country=$ e'"ortrevenue$ and e6"!oyed 6any o6en/ %he indu$try cut bya!6o$t one ha!f it$ or;force/ Auto6otive< gar6ent$<6ining< "ro"erty< $ervice$< and ood+or;ing eachretrenched 10K of their e6"!oyee$/-%he $!odon i$ a!$obeing fe!t in the 6ining< banana and coconut indu$trie$/5

Another 19


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in the "rice$ of co66oditie$ in the S< $o6e F:$ are"!anning to $end on!y ha!f of their $a!arie$ to their fa6i!ie$/9

So6e have a!ready gone bac; to the hi!i""ine$after !o$ing their Dob$/ ut 6any e'"ect an even or$e$ituation in the hi!i""ine$ and o"t to $tay in the S a$undocu6ented 6igrant$ in$tead of going ho6e/-0 A$ thenu6ber of avai!ab!e Dob$ $in;< the nu6ber of undocu6ented Fi!i"ino$ cou!d ri$e/

Fi!i"ino nur$e$ in A6erica are affected< too/ %ho$e

in the hea!th $ector are very vu!nerab!e no< ith $o6eho$"ita!$ c!o$ing/ 3f they !o$e their "re$ent Dob$< co6"etitionfor the re6aining Dob$ beco6e$ tighter and A6erican$ i!!be given "rioritie$/-1

Migrant$ tend to be a6ong the or;er$ 6o$t hit byecono6ic donturn$ in their ho$t countrie$ for $evera!rea$on$/ Migrant !abor i$ often u$ed a$ a cyc!ica! buffer<

!i;e other 6acroecono6ic "o!icie$ ai6ed at 6a'i6iinggroth and 6ini6iing une6"!oy6ent/ For 6igrant$< thi$6ean$ they are often the !a$t to be hired and the fir$t to befired and their e6"!oy6ent re!ation$hi" are freBuent!y $ub+$tandard< and !ocated in "oor!y regu!ated $ector$ or activitie$/ 3n ti6e$ of econo6ic in$ecurity< 6igrant$ ea$i!ybeco6e $ca"egoat$< !eading further to attitude$ that breed'eno"hobic $enti6ent$ and di$cri6inatory "ractice$ again$t

the6/

-2

39 Sad Christ*as seen =or *an+ @in o= /As-. Phili))i"e

Daily I"Kui!e!* cto%er 14- 200840 %id41 %id42 The *pact o= the /inancial Crisis on i&rant [email protected]

Patric@ Taran- Senior i&ration Specialist-


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P$li#i%al !eali#y+ ery recent!y the >ou$e of #e"re$entative$ hurried!y "a$$ed >ou$e #e$o!ution 1109(># 1109)< hich authorie$ Congre$$ to convene a$ aCon$tituent A$$e6b!y (or ConA$$)/ 3t $"ecifica!!y $tate$ thatthe >ou$e< ithout the Senate< 6ay "ro"o$e a6end6ent$to the con$titution/ 3t $ay$ that if the >ou$e can $ecurethree fourth$ of the co6bined nu6ber$ of the 6e6ber$ of the >ou$e a"d #he Se"a#e 00225 vote$ in a!!++ it i!! fu!fi!!the reBuire6ent$ under Artic!e I33 of the Con$titution/ %ocritic$ of the Arroyo govern6ent< thi$ deve!o"6ent i$ high!y

$u$"ect and "erceived a$ yet another $che6e in a !ong+running "o!itica! 6aneuvering by ad6ini$tration a!!ie$ in the>ou$e to circu6vent the Con$titution=$ "rovi$ion on theter6 !i6it$ for the re$idency/ n!i;e Congre$$< the Senateha$ "roved to be a $tu6b!ing b!oc; in 6o$t of the

Ad6ini$tration=$ de$ign$ to re6ain in "oer beyond 2010/%he A;bayan arty read$ a 6ore $ini$ter "!an in inferringthat the i66ediate "ur"o$e of the hurried "a$$age of

>#1109 i$ on!y to create a $e6b!ance of a Du$ticiab!e i$$uethat can be rai$ed before the Su"re6e Court/ 7o6inatedby Arroyo a""ointee$< the Su"re6e Court i$ e'"ected todecide in favor of the Ad6ini$tration< and if it dec!are$ that aConA$$ ithout the Senate d$es "$# (i$la#e #heC$"s#i#u#i$"* thi$ i!! c!ear a!! !ega! i6"edi6ent$ to ane'tended ter6 of the Arroyo govern6ent/

Since March 2005< the &MA ad6ini$tration ha$been $uffering fro6 it$ or$t "o!itica! cri$i$ after evidence of e!ectora! fraud< 6a$$ive corru"tion of "ub!ic fund$< andide$"read hu6an right$ vio!ation$ $urfaced and hit thead6ini$tration/ o!itica! $urviva! ha$ been the focu$ of the

Arroyo govern6ent/ :hi!e facing con$tant o""o$ition andthreat$ of "ub!ic outcry and a 6i!itary cou"< the Arroyogovern6ent ha$ a$$erted it$ contro! by infringing on civi!!ibertie$< defi!ing the "eo"!e=$ right to freedo6 of a$$e6b!y




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and redre$$< gro$$!y curtai!ing their right to infor6ation andco66itting hu6an right$ abu$e$ again$t the "eo"!e/

>u6an right$ abu$e$ are continuing/ More than90 ca$e$ of $u66ary e'ecution$ have been recorded$ince re$ident Arroyo ca6e to "oer in 2001/ %he$e"o!itica!!y 6otivated ;i!!ing$ have targeted hu6an right$advocate$< !ayer$< church or;er$ and 6e6ber$ of cau$e+oriented grou"$ critica! of the govern6ent/

%he Co66i$$ion on >u6an #ight$ (C>#) ha$identified the hi!i""ine ationa! o!ice () a$ the or$tabu$er of hu6an right$/ 3n 200*< the nited ation=$ (8$)S"ecia! #a""orteur on E'tra+Dudicia! Ni!!ing$ hi!i" A!$ton$ub6itted a re"ort of hi$ inve$tigation that $aid thee'ecution$ had ?e!i6inated civi! $ociety !eader$< inc!udinghu6an right$ defender$< trade unioni$t$ and !and refor6advocate$< inti6idated a va$t nu6ber of civi! $ociety actor$<and narroed the country=$ "o!itica! di$cour$e/@- A cu!ture

of i6"unity< A!$ton a!$o $aid< had 6ade the e'ecution$ of Dourna!i$t$ and !efti$t activi$t$ "o$$ib!e/--

3ntere$ting!y< under the "re$ent Ad6ini$tration<variou$ !a$ for over$ea$ Fi!i"ino$ ere enacted< na6e!ythe ver$ea$ Ab$entee oting Act of 200 (#A 91,9) hichenab!ed Fi!i"ino$ over$ea$ to "artici"ate in nationa!e!ection$ in the hi!i""ine$ ithout being "hy$ica!!y "re$ent

in the hi!i""ine$/ %he !a hoever did not inc!ude their "artici"ation in "!ebi$cite$ and referendu6$/ >ence un!e$$the current initiative$ to a6end #A91,9 "u$h through<Fi!i"ino$ over$ea$ cannot "artici"ate in future referendu6to change the Con$titution/ A"art fro6 the !i6ited $co"eand coverage of #A91,9< the reBuire6ent for "er$ona!

43 %id44

%id




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a""earance to regi$ter and vote i$ a!$o a big ob$tac!e to thefu!! e'erci$e of the !a $ince 6igrant or;er$< "articu!ar!yo6en 6igrant$ ho are 6o$t!y e6"!oyed a$ hou$eho!d$ervice or;er$< have !i6ited 6obi!ity out$ide of their or;area$/

Congre$$ a!$o enacted #A 920, or the Anti+traffic;ing on :o6en and Chi!dren Act of 200/ Again< theintent of the !a a$ obviou$ to curb traffic;ing in hu6anbeing$ "articu!ar!y traffic;ing in o6en and chi!dren/3ntere$ting!y< in the !ate$t 2009 ?%raffic;ing in er$on$

#e"ort@-5 by the S State 7e"art6ent< the hi!i""ine$ $!idbac; to the category of %ier 2 :atch!i$t-./ ne rea$on citedby the re"ort a$ the govern6ent8$ fai!ure to "ro$ecuteca$e$ of traffic;ing in "er$on$ due to an ?inefficient Dudicia!$y$te6 and ende6ic corru"tion@/-*

#A ,0-2 or the Magna Carta for Migrant :or;er$and ver$ea$ Fi!i"ino$ a$ enacted by Congre$$< a!beit in

ha$te< in 1995 to "rovide co6"rehen$ive "rotection toFi!i"ino 6igrant$ at every $tage of the 6igration cyc!e/ %oof it$ "rovi$ion$< Section$ 29 and 0 that deregu!ated the!abor 6igration indu$try in 2000< ere re"ea!ed in 200* by#A 9-22 and $trengthened the regu!atory function$ of theEA/ 3ronica!!y hoever< on!y ithin a year=$ ti6ere$ident Arroyo in 7ece6ber 200, overturned #A 9-22 by

45http!""###$philstar$co*"rticle$aspLarticledM478469p%li cationS%Cate&or+dM200

S eLpands h*an tra==ic@in& #atchlist- pdated ;ne 17-

2009 11!16 46 Tier 2 Aatch list o= the S *eans the contr+ is not co*pliant

#ith the *ini** standards o= protection as pro'ided =or in

the Tra==ic@in& icti*s Protection ct o= 2000$47 http!""###tri%ne$net$ph"headlines"20090618hed1$ht*l

P &o',t ine==ecti'e %ecase o= Oine==icient Kstice s+ste*-

ende*ic corrption,



http://livepage.apple.com/http://livepage.apple.com/http://livepage.apple.com/http://www.tribune.net.ph/headlines/20090618hed1.htmlhttp://www.tribune.net.ph/headlines/20090618hed1.htmlhttp://livepage.apple.com/http://livepage.apple.com/


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B. THE GLOBAL CONTEXT

&!oba!iation doe$ not on!y 6ean !ibera!iation of trade< $ervice$< inve$t6ent< and ca"ita!/ 3t a!$o 6ean$tran$nationa! 6ove6ent$ of "eo"!e in $earch of better !ive$and e6"!oy6ent o""ortunitie$ in other countrie$ andregion$/

More and 6ore "eo"!e are cro$$ing nationa!border$/ 3ncrea$ed 6obi!ity of "eo"!e$ i$ no a g!oba!rea!ity/ %oday there are 6ore nationa! border$ than fivedecade$ ago becau$e the nu6ber of inde"endent $tate$ha$ tri"!ed/ 3n $o6e region$ $o6e countrie$ ere cut u"into to or 6ore inde"endent $tate$/ %he 34 e$ti6ate$that $o6e 10 6i!!ion or;er$ cro$$ border$ each year in$earch of or;/-9

7eve!o"ed countrie$ are increa$ing!y !oo;ing

out$ide their border$ for !o+$;i!!ed or;er$ in agricu!ture<food+"roce$$ing< con$truction< 6anufacturing< and !o+age $ervice$ $uch a$ do6e$tic or;< and ho6e hea!thcare/50 Migrant or;er$ and irregu!ar 6igrant$ fro6 "oorer countrie$ have $te""ed in to fi!! the de6and/

%he or!d=$ "o"u!ation of 6igrant$51 ha$ been ri$ingat a rate $!ight!y fa$ter than the groth of the tota! or!d

"o"u!ation/ y the !a$t count< 6igrant$ or!dide tota!ed200 6i!!ion< enough to 6a;e u" the or!d=$ fifth !arge$tcountry/ Migrant$ con$titute K of the or!d8$ "o"u!ation/

49 %ella- anolo$ 2004$ Gl$bali@a#i$" a"d a Mul#ila#e!alF!ae=$!4 &$! Mig!a#i$"+ ard$ 2005$ P!$#e%#i"g Mig!a"#3$!4e!s i" a Gl$bali@ed 3$!ld$ ni'ersit+ o=


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-outh to -outh movements or miration:for:employment amon the less developed countrieslie/ise tae place. f the e$ti6ated 95 to 100 6i!!ion6igrant or;er$ the or!d over< 6ore than 2, 6i!!ion are inthe deve!o"ing region$/ 3n A$ia $o6e 2 6i!!ion52 or;er$!eave their countrie$ every year to or; in other countrie$ithin and out$ide the region under $hort+ter6 e6"!oy6entcontract$/

*eclinin and aein populations in developed

countries have i6"ortant i6"!ication$ on e6"!oy6ent<econo6ic groth< the de6and for hea!th care $ervice$<"en$ion$ or the $ocia! tran$fer $y$te6$ and other $ocia!$u""ort $ervice$/

Mo$t rich countrie$ are faced ith a changing"o"u!ation "rofi!e that i!! have future i6"!ication$ on their $ocia! and "o!itica! !and$ca"e$/ %o rea$on$ are $een

behind the $hiftG a/) S!o "o"u!ation groth becau$e theyare not "roducing enough chi!dren and b/) An ageing"o"u!ation5 becau$e of !onger !ive$/

3n deve!o"ed countrie$ ith ageing "o"u!ation$< anever+increa$ing burden i!! fa!! on a decrea$ing $hare of the"o"u!ation ho i!! need to or; and "roduce the good$and $ervice$ needed by a!!/5- %ho$e or;ing i!! have 6oreand 6ore de"endent "eo"!e to ta;e care of/

52 2005


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%he "o"u!ation of the Euro"ean nion ro$e by a6ere 0/. K to *,/5 6i!!ion fro6 2001 to 2002< or anaddition of 1


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!iving and or;ing in Sabah/ n a "eriodic ba$i$< theMa!ay$ian govern6ent conduct$ crac;don o"eration$again$t undocu6ented 6igrant$/ nce caught< the$e6igrant$ are de"orted bac; to their countrie$ of originithout 6uch con$ideration of their hu6an and !abor right$/

3n January 200*< during it$ 12th Su66it he!d inCebu City< the ASEA ado"ted the ASEA Mutua!#ecognition Arrange6ent and the 7ec!aration on therotection and ro6otion of the #ight$ of Migrant :or;er$/%hi$ a$ fo!!oed $hort!y in Ju!y 200* by the ado"tion of a

re$o!ution for the creation of a Co66ittee on Migrant:or;er$ that i!! over$ee to the State$8 co6"!iance ith the7ec!aration/ %he Co66ittee on ASEA Migrant :or;er$(ACM:) convened it$ fir$t 6eeting a year !ater inSe"te6ber 200, in Singa"ore/ Since then< or;$ho"$ havebeen conducted to thre$h out the detai!$ of the 7ec!aration<hich i!! "ave the ay for the ado"tion of an ASEA

Agree6ent on the "rotection and "ro6otion of the right$ of

6igrant or;er$/ %he hi!i""ine$ together ith other !abor $ending countrie$ in ASEA ta;e the !ead in the$einitiative$/ %he re$u!t$ of the$e effort$ re6ain to be $een inthe 6onth$ and year$ to co6e/

ther i6"ortant deve!o"6ent$ !i;e!y to contribute togroing 6obi!ity acro$$ border$ are the fo!!oingG5,

A/ %he ra"id "ace of techno!ogica! deve!o"6ent$ that

!ead to ear!y ob$o!e$cence of 6any $;i!!$ and thede6and for ne one$/ %hi$ ha$ been $een in theca$e of co6"uter$ and the co66unication$revo!ution/ %he nited State$< a fe year$ ago<o"ened u" to high!y $;i!!ed i66igrant$ to 6aintainit$ co6"etitive "o$ition in the co6"uter indu$try/

Sa%ah %et#een 300-000 to 500-00058

%id




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/ %he groth of g!oba! "roduction $y$te6$/ A$ ca"ita!6ove$ around the or!d $earching for $ite$ for g!oba! "roduction< 6igration tend$ to fo!!o to$u""!e6ent native or; force$

C/ %he groing infor6a!iation of or;/ More and 6oree6"!oy6ent today invo!ve$ being engaged inirregu!ar< often "art+ti6e or;/ 3n the rich countrie$<indu$tria! or 6anufacturing e6"!oy6ent ha$ beenon the dec!ine< hi!e the $ervice $ector ha$ gron/%he $ervice $ector invo!ve$ high!y Bua!ified or;<

but a!$o 6any ty"e$ of or; that native or;er$have vacated and are !eaving to 6igrant or;er$ to"erfor6/ %he groing fe6iniation of 6igrant !abor<characteried by an increa$ed de6and for fe6a!edo6e$tic or;er$ in deve!o"ed countrie$< i$ one of the 6anife$tation$ of thi$ "heno6enon/

Migrant or;er$ are often the fir$t to !o$e their Dob$

during econo6ic donturn$ $uch a$ in the current g!oba!financia! cri$i$/ Co6"i!ed data and $tati$tic$ of the 34confir6 the fo!!oing "re6i$e$ about the i6"act of thecurrent cri$i$ on 6igrant or;er$G59

1 Migrant$ and "er$on$ of foreign origin are hard hit<they are di$"ro"ortionate!y a6ong tho$e a!ready !aidoff or rendered une6"!oyed/

1 %ho$e 6igrant$ re6aining e6"!oyed are often affectedby reduction$ in "ay< or;ing ti6e< and or$eningor;ing condition$/

59 The *pact o= the /inancial Crisis on i&rant [email protected]

Patric@ Taran- Senior i&ration Specialist-


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1 Migrant or;er$ have !e$$ acce$$ to $ocia! $afety net$u""ort/ %hi$ i$ e$"ecia!!y true for 6igrant$ in irregu!ar $ituation$/

1 >oever< 6any 6igrant or;er$ are not returningho6e< un!e$$ forcib!y e'"e!!ed/ %hi$ i$ the ca$e evenhen they are being offered financia! incentive$ tovo!untari!y de"art/ Si6"!y "ut< condition$ at ho6e areeven or$e/ :hi!e there 6ay be o""ortunitie$ for $o6e ;ind of or; in ho$t countrie$< there are $i6"!ynone at ho6e/

1 Migrant or;er$ are thu$ co6"e!!ed to ta;e hatever or; they can find/ %hey 6ay acce"t even 6ore$ub$tandard "ay and abu$ive condition$ than before/

1 Sca"egoating of 6igrant$ and 'eno"hobic vio!enceagain$t foreigner$ i$ a!ready on the ri$e throughout theor!d/

1 Many countrie$ have reduced Buota$ or inta;e of foreign or;er$ $o6e countrie$ have e6bar;ed onde!iberate "o!icie$ of e'c!u$ion and e'"u!$ion of 6igrant or;er$/

1 Migrant re6ittance$ $ent ho6e are dec!ining/

1 %he further deteriorated $ituation$ in ho6e countrie$

6a;e hatever re6ittance$ 6igrant$ can $end aneven 6ore crucia! !ife!ine for their fa6i!ie$ and !oca!co66unitie$/

1 :hat e6"!oy6ent o""ortunitie$ e'i$ted ear!ier for tho$e re6aining at ho6e are a!$o eva"orating<6eaning even feer o"tion$ for "er$on$ co6ing bac;fro6 abroad/ %hi$ a!$o 6a;e$ the return of 6igrant

or;er$ "otentia!!y a greater threat to !abor 6ar;et THE PHILIPPINES: A GLOBAL MODEL



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$tabi!ity and u!ti6ate!y< $ocia! $tabi!ity at ho6e/ 3t i$e'"ected that g!oba! econo6ic activity i!! $!odon/

roDection$ of :or!d Econo6ic ut!oo;< in K .0-..1 -..8

3$!ld Ou#)u# +/ 0.+

5"i#ed S#a#es >+> 0-+

Eu!$ A!ea >+. 0+-

Ge!a"y >+ 0-+

F!a"%e .+1 0>+8

,a)a" 0.+ 0+.

5"i#ed i"gd$ .+6 0+1

Ca"ada .+ 0-+.

Chi"a 8+. +6

Phili))i"es /+ -+ #$ .

GCC C$u"#!ies + +

ASEAN /++ .+6

60 Sti*ls Pac@a&es to Conter :lo%al cono*ic Crisis!

e'ie#$ Sa*eer hati#ada$ nternational nstitte =or


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C+ TRENDS IN PHILIPPINE O2ERSEASMIGRATION -..60-..1

9The S#a#e shall)!$$#e&ull e)l$ye"# a"d #he S#a#ed$es "$# )!$$#e $(e!sease)l$ye"# as a ea"s #$ sus#ai"e%$"$i% g!$=#h a"d a%hie(e"a#i$"al de(el$)e"#The S#a#e*#he!e&$!e* shall %$"#i"u$usly %!ea#el$%al e)l$ye"# $))$!#u"i#ies

Re)ubli% A%# 1./- Se%#i$" -+ De%la!a#i$" $&

P$li%ies

%he hi!i""ine$ i$ the or!d8$ third bigge$t $ource of 6igrant or;er$ in the or!d< ne't to China and 3ndia/.1 For the !a$t five year$< de"!oy6ent figure$ have increa$ed byan annua! average of /.K.2/ ($ee gra"h on F: annua!

de"!oy6ent) 3n January 2009< de$"ite the g!oba! econo6ic

61 RP a*on& top *i&rant sendin& contries- sa+s std+.-

nD7$net$ ;ne 22- 2005$




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cri$i$< the tota! nu6ber of de"!oyed 6igrant$ a$ 1.5


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$o!ution to the country8$ une6"!oy6ent "rob!e6$ andba!ance of "ay6ent$ deficit$/ %o date< there i$ $ti!! noindication that a ti""ing "oint i$ forthco6ing/ %he nu6ber of Fi!i"ino 6igrant$ continue$ to increa$e every year/

%he govern6ent8$ !abor e'"ort "o!icy i$ further affir6ed by EA8$ "rogra6 thru$t$ for 200, hichinc!uded the ?faci!itation of de"!oy6ent of F:$@ through"artici"ation in high+!eve! technica! 6ar;eting 6i$$ion$inten$ified 6ar;et inte!!igence or; abroad in order to!ocate high va!ue e6"!oy6ent o""ortunitie$ and identify

neHe6erging 6ar;et$< "artici"ation in forging bi!atera!agree6ent$ ith ho$t govern6ent$ that can offer ne anddecent Dob$ to F:S encouraging vi$it$ of foreigngovern6ent$ and "rivate e6"!oyer de!egation to thehi!i""ine$ $trengthening !in;age$ ith education< trainingand 6edica! fitne$$ $ector$ to generate the right Bua!ity andBuantity of contract$ needed by the over$ea$ 6ar;et$ and<enhancing or; ith ho$t govern6ent to "!ug irregu!ar

6igration route and "revent circu6vention of de"!oy6entreBuire6ent$/..

n 7ece6ber -< 200,< re$ident Arroyo i$$ued Ad6ini$trative rder 2-*.* in re$"on$e to the g!oba! cri$i$/3t in$tructed the EA to ?e'ecute a "aradig6 $hift byrefocu$ing it$ function$ fro6 regu!ation to fu!!+b!a$t 6ar;et$deve!o"6ent effort$< the e'"!oration of frontier< ferti!e Dob6ar;et$ for e'"atriate Fi!i"ino or;er$/@ %he A further directed the EA ?to increa$e the countrie$ current!yho$ting Fi!i"ino$ and brea; through the 200+countrybarrier/@

re$ident Arroyo=$ in$truction$ to EA are contraryto the intent and $"irit of #A 9-22 hich $trengthened the

66 P 2007 nnal eport$ ###$poea$&o'$ph67

##$pia$&o'$ph




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regu!atory function$ of the EA in re"ea!ing Section$ 29and 0 of #A ,0-2 on deregu!ation/ %he re$ident i$ $ettinga$ide #A 9-22 in favor of aggre$$ive 6ar;eting of our or;er$ over$ea$/.,

The Phili))i"e $(e!seas ig!a#i$" )!$g!ae a gl$bal $del? 7e$"ite the enact6ent of #A ,0-2 andother re!evant !a$ and "o!icie$ and the corre$"ondingi6"!e6enting agencie$ to go ith the "o!icie$< a$ e!! a$bi!atera! !abor agree6ent$ and Me6o of nder$tandingith 5. countrie$< &$ !i;e CMA continue to cha!!enge the

oft+6entioned g!oba! 6ode! that i$ the hi!i""ine over$ea$6igration/For one< there cannot be a 6ode! $"ecifica!!y on"rotection and "ro6otion of the hu6an and !abor right$ of F:$ and their fa6i!ie$ if the overa!! thru$t of thegovern6ent i$ to de"!oy a 6i!!ion F:$ annua!!y/ A$oneofficer of the 3nternationa! 4abor Affair$ Service$ (34AS).9 inthe 7e"art6ent of 4abor and E6"!oy6ent (74E)ad6itted< the "rob!e6 $uccinct!y during CMA=$ Se"te6ber

19< 200, Buarter!y "ub!ic foru6 entit!ed ?%he hi!i""ine$G A&!oba! Mode! on Migration@ that the $heer nu6ber of F:$ 6a;e$ it i6"o$$ib!e for govern6ent agencie$ toaddre$$ their need$ and "rob!e6$/*0 %he 34AS e'erci$e$ad6ini$trative Duri$diction over hi!i""ine ver$ea$ 4abor ffice$ (4S)/

Issues a"d T!e"ds $" Phili))i"e Lab$! Mig!a#i$"

Fei"isa#i$" $& Fili)i"$ Lab$! Mig!a#i$"/ oth6en and o6en !eave the hi!i""ine$ a$ 6igrant or;er$/>oever in the "a$t decade unti! 200.< the de"!oy6ent of

68 %id69


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o6en a!ay$ over$hadoed that of 6a!e 6igrant$/ 3t enta$ high a$ *-K in 200-/

3n 200.< .0K out of the tota! 0,


48/218

ee!ge"%e $& "e= &$!s $& e')l$i#a#i$"+6

9)/

:hi!e or;ing over$ea$ 6ay re$u!t in thei6"rove6ent of the econo6ic $tatu$ of 6any o6en< itreinforce$ gender ineBua!ity at the internationa! !eve!/ %hero!e$ that 6igrant o6en ta;e on are yet $ti!! a "art of the$e'ua! divi$ion of !abor at the g!oba! $ca!e/ eri!y< theincrea$ed de6and for o6en or;er$ abroad i$ a re$u!t of ?a nu6ber of g!oba! force$ in hich gender ro!e$ and $e'di$cri6ination are intertined ith g!oba!iation@ ("/)/*-

MaDority of Fi!i"ino o6en 6igrant or;er$ aree6"!oyed at the !oe$t rung of the occu"ationa! hierarchya$ do6e$tic or;er$ and entertainer$ in the +7 Dob$ (dirty<de6eaning and dangerou$) and 6a;e the6 are ea$ytarget$ of act$ of di$cri6ination< vio!ence and e'"!oitation/:o6en 6igrant$ are often e'c!uded fro6 the "rotection of !abor and $ocia! !egi$!ation< rendering their contract of

e6"!oy6ent 6eaning!e$$ in the ab$ence of grievance6echani$6$< $u""ort $ervice$< and a friend!y "o!icyenviron6ent/*5 :o6en 6igrant$ in do6e$tic or; andentertain6ent are "articu!ar!y vu!nerab!e to 6a!treat6entand e'"!oitation becau$e the$e Dob$ are not recognied a$for6a! or; and are not covered by !abor and $ocia! !a$ of 6any countrie$/*. Many endure e'"!oitative ter6$ of or;<

73 F*an i&hts Protections pplica%le to Ao*en i&rant

Aor@ers. N/ Brie=in& Paper$ N/ e&ionalPro&ra**e on *po#erin& Ao*en i&rant Aor@ers in sia$

ondta%le on the F*an i&hts o= Ao*en i&rant Aor@ers

nder CA$ ;+ 11- 2003$74%id75 The N Special apporter on i&rant Aor@ers$ 2003 report$76 /or eLa*ple- the la%or la#s o= Sadi ra%ia and the

cate&oricall+ eLcldes *i&rant do*estic #or@ers in the

co'era&e o= their la%or la#s$ n ;apan- entertainers are co'ered

%+ i**i&ration la#s as &ests and not as #or@ers$




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$uch a$ $ub+$tandard age$ and !ong or; hour$dangerou$ and degrading or;ing condition$< re$trictedfreedo6 of 6ove6ent< gender vio!ence in the or;"!ace<and gendered for6$ of 'eno"hobia and raci$6/

Fi!i"ino o6en+6igrant$ are a!$o 6ore vu!nerab!ethan their 6a!e counter"art$ becau$e of their age/ %heSurvey of ver$ea$ Fi!i"ino$ (SF) in 200. found thatfe6a!e F:$ ere genera!!y younger than 6a!e F:$/

A!6o$t ha!f (-/5K) of fe6a!e F:$ ere concentrated inthe age grou" 15+29< herea$ the 6a!e F:$ ere even!y

di$tributed a6ong a!! the age grou"$/**

&ender+ba$ed vio!ence again$t 6igrant o6en i$ba$ica!!y !in;ed to 6igrant o6en=$ !ega! and $ocia! $tatu$in the ho$t co66unitie$/ %he !o va!uation accorded too6en and o6en=$ or; in the$e $ector$ a$$ign o6en6igrant or;er$ to ?!oer c!a$$ $tatu$@ and they beco6evu!nerab!e to abu$e in both the $ending and receiving

countrie$/

%he vio!ence and abu$e $uffered by o6en 6igrantor;er$ can ta;e "!ace at a!! $tage$ of the 6igration"roce$$G $tarting at ho6e here their fa6i!ie$ force the6 toor; abroad again$t their i!!< and $e'ua! hara$$6ent byrecruiter$ during the recruit6ent $tage/ 3n tran$it and at theor;"!ace in the country of de$tination they e'"eriencevio!ence in 6any for6$G "hy$ica!< verba! and 6enta! abu$einc!uding $e'ua! vio!ence $!ave+!i;e or;ing condition$!ac; of $ocia! contact$ through de"rivation of !iberty andfreedo6 of 6ove6ent and threat$< inti6idation andcoercion/ ecau$e of their c!o$e "ro'i6ity to< and co6"!etede"endence on their 6a!e e6"!oyer$< o6en do6e$ticor;er$ are "articu!ar!y vu!nerab!e to gender+ba$edvio!ence< inc!uding $e'ua! abu$e/ Many abu$e$ that are

77

National Statistics ==ice- Sr'e+ o= 'erseas /ilipinos- 2006$




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co66itted again$t o6en 6igrant or;er$ ta;e "!ace inthe $o+ca!!ed ?"rivate@ do6ain and are "er"etrated by"rivate individua!$ ho ie!d "oer over the or;er/

:ith the intent of "rotecting fe6a!e 6igrant or;er$fro6 abu$e$ at the or;$ite and i6"roving the country=$record on anti+ hu6an traffic;ing 6ea$ure$< the EAintroduced the >ou$eho!d Service :or;er$ o!icy #efor6in 200*/ %he >S: "o!icy refor6 "ac;age inc!uded ru!e$ onthe non+co!!ection of "!ace6ent fee$ in recruiting do6e$ticor;er$ a 6ini6u6 entry+!eve! $a!ary of S-00 6onth!y

6ini6u6 age of 25 year$ o!d a 6andatory a$$e$$6entand certification of $;i!!$ that ou!d reBuire enro!6ent at a%ES7A training center and the i6"o$ition of $tricter verification "roce$$ of e6"!oyer$ by the 4$/

%he >S: o!icy #efor6 a$ i6"o$ed ithout any"rior con$u!tation ith "ri6ary $ta;eho!der$ (F:$) and6igrant &$/ A$ a re$u!t< it a$ 6a!igned and re$i$ted by

6any 6igrant grou"$ becau$e it 6ade entry into do6e$ticor; over$ea$ high!y $e!ective and 6ore co$t!y for thea""!icant/ For re"eat+hire$ ho ere caught in beteencontract$ and "roce$$ing "a"er$ to go bac; to their for6er e6"!oyer$< the >S: "o!icy a$ an ob$tac!e that threatenedto ter6inate their "ro$"ect for continued e6"!oy6ent/ %he"o!icy a$ a!$o ado"ted ithout con$u!ting ho$tgovern6ent$< ho$e $u""ort and coo"eration ere critica!to it$ i6"!e6entation/ Countrie$ !i;e Singa"ore and the &u!f $tate$ i$$ued $tate6ent$ that they cou!d not co6"!y iththe 6ini6u6 age "o!icy becau$e they do not have a6ini6u6 age !a< a$ they !et the 6ar;et force$ decide ontheir $a!arie$/ Further6ore< no !e$$ than EA $aid that$ince 200*< they have noted atte6"t$ by recruiter$ tocircu6vent the >S: "o!icy through untruthfu!rec!a$$ification of fe6a!e do6e$tic or;er$ into other Dobcategorie$ not co66on!y identified ith o6en< i/e/< ?$and




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b!a$ter$@/ Atte6"t$ $uch a$ thi$< 6ay be arre$ted byconducting $trict verification $y$te6 of the e6"!oyer$ at the4$ on$ite/

#e$trictive "o!icie$ affecting o6en 6igrantor;er$ a!$o ca6e fro6 the ho$t countrie$/ Much ear!ier++in 2005< there a$ a dra$tic reduction in the !arge nu6ber of over$ea$ "erfor6ing arti$t$ (6o$t!y o6en) de"!oyed toJa"an/ %hi$ a$ attributed to the Ja"ane$e govern6ent=$i6"!e6entation of a "!an of action to co6bat hu6antraffic;ing/ Stricter reBuire6ent$ for the entry of

entertainer$ to Ja"an have $ince then dra6atica!!y reducedthe nu6ber of Fi!i"ino entertainer$ bound for Ja"an/

At the core of the$e deve!o"6ent$ are conf!ictingi$$ue$ re!ated to the freedo6 of 6ove6ent and the right totrave!< ver$u$ the ob!igation of the $tate to "rotect it$citien$/ o!icie$ that are 6eant to "rotect o6en$o6eti6e$ re$u!t in the curtai!6ent of $o6e other right$<

$uch a$ the right to or; and the right to trave!/ %hey 6ayeven i6"eri! o6en a!! the 6ore< a$ 6any< in de$"eration<o"t to go through the bac;door or agree to be a "arty toi!!ega! or irregu!ar 6ean$ of 6igration/ :hen thi$ ha""en$<they beco6e 6ore vu!nerab!e to 6any other for6$ and tohigher degree$ of e'"!oitation and abu$e/ %here $ee6$ tobe no ea$y $o!ution< but even $o< ob$ervance of the ba$ichu6an right$ "rinci"!e$< $uch a$ "artici"ation< $hou!dgovern the "roce$$e$ of "o!icy deve!o"6ent in the6anage6ent of 6igration/

3n the Conc!uding Co66ent$ of their revie of thehi!i""ine=$ "erfor6ance a$ a $tate "arty to the Convention on the E!i6ination of A!! For6$ of 7i$cri6ination (CE7A:< 200.) and the #ight$ of A!! Migrant:or;er$ and Me6ber$ of %heir Fa6i!ie$ (CM:< 2009)< thetreaty co66ittee$ urged the hi!i""ine govern6ent to




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re$"ect< "rotect< and fu!fi!! the right$ of o6en< and to$afeguard o6en fro6 being victi6ied by cro$$+border hu6an traffic;ing activitie$/

5"d$%ue"#ed Fili)i"$s O(e!seasG 3n 200*< thee$ti6ated nu6ber of undocu6ented Fi!i"ino$ over$ea$< or tho$e ith irregu!ar i66igration $tatu$< a$ 900


53/218

)$$!* F$! =$e"* #hese #!e"ds s)elli"%!eased (ul"e!abili#y #$ e')l$i#a#i$" a"dabuse a"d %$"#i"ui"g i"eKuali#y =i#h e"+9)/1.

%he !ac; of avai!ab!e Dob$ in the hi!i""ine$< thecri""!ing "overty and a""arent govern6ent inaction toi6"rove the econo6y continue to "u$h 6any Fi!i"ino$ over and above officia! govern6ent figure$ to ri$; or;ingabroad ithout the nece$$ary or; "er6it$ and vi$a$/Many $tart out ith "ro"er or; vi$a$ but hen the$e

e'"ire< they end u" a$ undocu6ented or;er$< ri$;ing dai!yarre$t< i6"ri$on6ent or de"ortation rather than co6e ho6eto the hi!i""ine$/

#e$"ect for and "ro6otion of the right$ of irregu!ar and undocu6ented 6igrant$ a!$o reBuire$ the coo"erationof govern6ent$ in de$tination countrie$/ ne ay i$ the$eriou$ "ur$uit of bi!atera! negotiation$ ith the receiving

govern6ent on ho to addre$$ the i$$ue of irregu!ar 6igration/ 3n 6o$t of the &u!f countrie$< it cou!d 6eanadvocacy to revie and refor6 the ?;efa!a@ or $"on$or$hi"$y$te6/ 3t can a!$o inc!ude 6andatory orientation of e6"!oyer$Oindividua!$ and co6"any 6anager$ ++ tobeco6e re$"on$ib!e e6"!oyer$/ 3n ca$e$ here receivinggovern6ent$ underta;e "rogra6$ to regu!arieundocu6ented 6igrant$< the hi!i""ine govern6ent $hou!dbe ab!e to e'tend fu!! $u""ort to the undocu6ented or;er$in ter6$ of e'"edite i$$uance of "a$$"ort$,1/

80 F*an i&hts Protections pplica%le to Ao*en i&rant

Aor@ers. N/ Brie=in& Paper$ N/ e&ional

Pro&ra**e on *po#erin& Ao*en i&rant Aor@ers in sia$

ondta%le on the F*an i&hts o= Ao*en i&rant Aor@ers

nder CA$ ;+ 11- 2003$81 rin& the re&lari>ation pro&ra* =or ndoc*ented *i&rants

in :reece- it #as reported %+ asapiFellas- an or&ani>ation o=




54/218

Mig!a#i$" C$s#s a"d Re%!ui#e"# Age"%ies+Migrant$ "ay enor6ou$ a6ount$ of 6oney Du$t to be ab!eto or; over$ea$/ A$ a genera! ru!e< a""!ying for a Dobover$ea$ in the hi!i""ine$ i$ done 6ain!y through the!icen$ed "rivate recruit6ent agencie$/ E'ce"tion$ are tho$e"roce$$ed under the govern6ent+to+govern6entarrange6ent$,2 and na6e hire$, a$ a""roved by the 4abor Secretary/ Artic!e 1, of the 4abor Code "rohibit$ directhiring of a or;er for "!ace6ent over$ea$/ %hi$ ru!e i$intended to "rotect a""!icant$ fro6 un$cru"u!ou$ croo;$ by

regu!ating recruit6ent through du!y !icen$ed and regi$teredagent$/ #ecruit6ent agencie$ are a!!oed to co!!ect fro6the or;er a "!ace6ent fee,- not e'ceeding the eBuiva!entof the a""!icant=$ one+6onth $a!ary/ %hey can co!!ect a!$o a$ervice fee fro6 the foreign e6"!oyer ,5/ A"art fro6 the"!ace6ent fee$< 6igrant or;er$ "ay for the fo!!oingco$t$G a$$"ort< 3Ho!iceH arangay C!earance<

Authentication< irth Certificate< hi!i""ine Medica! >ea!th

3n$urance (hi!hea!th)< %rade te$t< if nece$$ary< 3nocu!ation


55/218

>oever< it ha$ been the e'"erience of 6any6igrant$ that 6o$t of the fee$ and co$t$ contingent to their de"!oy6ent are borne by the6/ :or$e< recruiter$ chargethe or;er$ ith e'orbitant "!ace6ent fee$/

Foreign bro;er$ and 6an"oer agencie$ inreceiving countrie$ a!$o e'tract "!ace6ent$ and $ervicefee$ fro6 the 6igrant$ a$ in the ca$e of >ong Nong< 3$rae!and %aian to cite a fe/ %hi$ re$u!t$ to debt bondage for a!ot of the6/

4abor 6igration ha$ beco6e a !ucrative and"rofitab!e bu$ine$$ for the govern6ent a$ e!! a$ for the"rivate $ector/ %hey both generate enor6ou$ earning$ and"rofit$ fro6 each or;er that i$ "roce$$ed and de"!oyedover$ea$/ %he hi!i""ine Congre$$ and EA haveenacted "o!icie$ and regu!ation$ to curb i!!ega! recruit6ent<traffic;ing and "revent co!!ection of e'orbitant fee$ fro6 theF:$/ nfortunate!y< the$e regu!ation$ "rove in$ufficient to

curb the "rob!e6$ deci$ive!y/ Migrant$ continue to bevicti6ied by i!!ega! recruit6ent and traffic;ing/ %hey incur enor6ou$ debt$ becau$e of the fee$ they have to "ay ine'change for a Dob over$ea$/




56/218

The A"a#$y $& Mig!a"# I"deb#ed"essG %he ca$e of aFi!i"ino factory or;er in %aian or;ing for a year contract,.

3t ta;e$ 12 to 1, 6onth$ for 6igrant$ to %aian to "ay off the

debt$ they incurred in the "roce$$ of going there and hen inca$e their contract i$ ter6inated before thi$ ti6e< they returnho6e $ti!! $add!ed ith debt$/ Such a $ituation beco6e$even 6ore "rob!e6atic for caregiver$ and do6e$tic or;er$ho earn be!o the 6ini6u6 age of %15


57/218

Jordan fo!!oing the "u!! out of hi!i""ine troo"$ fro6 3raBin 200-/

Current!y< the hi!i""ine$ ha$ ,,,* e6ba$$ie$<con$u!ate$ and other hi!i""ine 6i$$ion$< ffice$ of Mani!a Econo6ic and Cu!tura! ffice in %aian< *hi!i""ine ver$ea$ 4abor ffice$ (4$),, and 20Fi!i"ino :or;er$ #e$ource Center$ (F:#C$),9 are the"ri6ary in$titutiona! 6echani$6$ over$ea$ to carry outthe$e "o!icie$/ 3n ter6$ of "er$onne! co6"!e6ent over$ea$<::A (ver$ea$ :or;er$ :e!fare Ad6ini$tration) ha$ 9<

74E+4 (7e"art6ent of 4abor and E6"!oy6ent+hi!i""ine ver$ea$ 4abor ffice) ha$ 20 and 7FAM:A ha$ ,590/ For 7FA< a$ of February 2009< the tota!nu6ber of 7FA "er$onne! de"!oyed in foreign $ervice "o$t$a$ 1


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every 5


59/218

infor6ation and education to the ne voter$< re$u!ting in6any regi$tration error$/ :hi!e "o$ta! voting a$ e'"andedfro6 to 59 "o$t$< F:$ did not ;no they have to infor6the e!ection regi$trar of their tran$fer of addre$$< they beingty"ica!!y 6obi!e/ 3n 200-< a6ong the good "ractice of $o6e"o$t$ a$ reaching out to the Fi!i"ino co66unity<"articu!ar!y their organiation$ and &$/ ut 6o$t "o$t$did not active!y enDoin the6 in the 200* "o!itica! e'erci$e/%he !ac; of $ufficient infor6ation and education ca6"aignon over$ea$ ab$entee voting effective!y 6argina!ied anddi$cri6inated again$t over$ea$ Fi!i"ino$/

S!o action by !egi$!ator$ on the a6end6ent$"ro"o$ed for addre$$ing the !a=$ ea;ne$$e$< hich$urfaced during it$ i6"!e6entation in the "a$t to e!ection$continue to di$enfranchi$e $o6e /. 6i!!ion Fi!i"inoi66igrant$ and "er6anent re$ident$ abroad/ %he >ou$ever$ion "a$$ed to the Senate $ti!! reBuire$ an affidavit of return to be ab!e to regi$ter< a!beit it reduce$ the dead!ine of

return fro6 year$ to $even year$/ n the other hand< theSenate ver$ion "ro"o$e$ to re"ea! thi$ di$cri6inatory"rovi$ion toard$ Fi!i"ino i66igrant$ and "er6anentre$ident$/ 4egi$!ative action i$ urgent< con$idering thatvoter regi$tration for "ur"o$e$ of the 2010 e!ection$ ha$a!ready $tarted in February 2009 and i!! end in Augu$t2009/

ther out$tanding i$$ue$ that the govern6entneed$ to addre$$ in the i6"!e6entation of the A !a arethe 6obi!e nature of $eafarer$< the !o "artici"ation of undocu6ented or;er$ and F:$ ho are not ithin ea$yacce$$ to an e6ba$$y or con$u!ate that $erve a$regi$tration and voting center$/ 3n addition i$ an




60/218

a6end6ent to e'"and the "artici"ation of F: in votinge'erci$e$ for nationa! "!ebi$cite$ and referenda/9

Fina!!y< the &overn6ent doe$ not fu!!y fu!fi!! the rightof F:$ to adeBuate and de6ocratic re"re$entation inagencie$ concerning the6 in the EA &overning oard<the ::A oard of 7irector$< and the hi!hea!th oard/F:$ are not doci!e $ubDect$ and reci"ient$ of govern6ent"o!icie$ and "rogra6$/ %he $e!ection "roce$$ for re"re$entation to the$e bodie$ are not ;non to the6igrant$ at a!!/ art of their e6"oer6ent< of being ab!e to

$tand u" for their right$ and be "rotected< i$ to be vi$ib!e<counted< con$u!ted and be "art of the governance$tructure$/

N$ %$"sul#a#i$"* N$ 2$i%e i" De%isi$"0Ma4i"g+%he ca$e of EA=$ Me6orandu6 Circu!ar -< Serie$ of 200* entit!ed ?&uide!ine$ on the 7irect >iring of Fi!i"ino:or;er$@ i$$ued in 7ece6ber 1,< 200* a$ a c!a$$ic

e'a6"!e of for6u!ation and i6"!e6entation of agovern6ent "o!icy tota!!y bereft of adeBuate con$u!tationith the F:$ the6$e!ve$/ %hi$ run$ counter to theMigrant :or;er$ Act of 1995 (#A ,0-2) hich "!edge$govern6ent coo"eration ith non+govern6entorganiation$ in "rotecting the6 and "ro6oting their e!fare/ :hi!e the MC 0- "ur"orted to enforce the ban ondirect+hiring under Artic!e 1, of the 4abor Code< it actua!!ye'"and$ the e'ce"tion$ to the ban< o"ening the gate$ for direct hiring/ 3t a!$o reBuire$ the e6"!oyer to "o$t unrea!i$tic$urety bond "re6iu6 o$ten$ib!y to "rovide for a$$i$tance toF:$ in ca$e of di$tre$$/ %hi$ i!! !i;e!y be "a$$ed on tothe Fi!i"ino or;er$ abroad the6$e!ve$ Du$t !i;e the ::A6e6ber$hi" fee/9-

93 oKas- Fenr+$ 'erseas %sentee otin&! The Philippine

Lperience$ Center =or i&rant d'ocac+- 2005$




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7ue to 6uch "rote$t again$t it< then EA Ad6ini$trator a!do a$ forced to $u$"end MC 0- onFebruary 1-< 200,/ Si6i!ar to the MC 0-< the >ou$eho!dService :or;er$= "o!icy refor6 hich a$ i$$ued in7ece6ber 200.< and i6"!e6ented ithout $ufficientcon$u!tation in March 200*< !ed to 6any co6"!aint$ fro6do6e$tic or;er$ the6$e!ve$/95

S$%ial C$s#s $& Mig!a#i$"+ 3CEF de"utycountry re"re$entative Co!in 7avi$ $aid around 5.K of 6igrant$ are 6arried ba$ed on 2000 data/ 3f there are 1

6i!!ion each of fe6a!e and 6a!e F:$ abroad ho are6arried< and a$$u6ing an average of three chi!dren "er hou$eho!d< there are $i' 6i!!ion chi!dren !eft behind ho areat ri$; fro6 the $ocia! co$t$ of 6igration/9.

#e$trictive "o!icie$ both in the hi!i""ine$ andcountrie$ of de$tination contribute to the $ocia! co$t$ of 6igration by idening the di$tance beteen 6igrant$ and

their fa6i!ie$/ %he >S: refor6 "o!icy a$ e!! a$ the banagain$t or;ing in 4ebanon ha$ "revented 6any o6enF:$ to vi$it their fa6i!ie$/ Many of the6 do not ant to goho6e and ri$; !o$ing their Dob$ de$"ite their !oer $a!ary/Further6ore< 6any countrie$< e/g/ 3$rae!< di$courage< if notdi$a!!o fa6i!y reunification contributing to the brea; u" of 6any fa6i!ie$ that i6"act negative!y on 6igrant or;er$=chi!dren/

94 tt+$ Fenr+ oKas- C le&al consel- pino+a%road=or*

eLchan&e- /e%$ 11- 200895 Sadi recriters endorse PHs Hsper*aidH polic+$ : ne#s

T 03"05"200896 nited Nations ChildrenHs /nd (NC/Philippine nstitte

=or e'elop*ent Stdies (PS Se*inar Series on P%lic

Policies and the i&hts o= Children$




62/218

Chi!dren are a!$o ca$ua!tie$ of the negative a$"ect$of 6igration/ %he right to nationa!ity of chi!dren of undocu6ented F:$ in Sabah i$ vio!ated due to theinacce$$ibi!ity of civi! regi$tration at the hi!i""ine con$u!atein faraay Nua!a 4u6"ur/ %heir !ac; of docu6entatione'"o$e$ the6 to ri$;$ of continuing raid$< arre$t$< anddetention in $ubhu6an condition$ and de"ortation/9*

A recent re$earch found that 6igration of "arent$ri$;$ their ado!e$cent chi!dren to beco6e Por$e offP in !ife<a$ "re$ented at the nited ation$ Chi!dren8$ Fund

(3CEF)+hi!i""ine 3n$titute for 7eve!o"6ent Studie$(37S) Se6inar Serie$ on ub!ic o!icie$ and the #ight$ of Chi!dren/ ecau$e F:$ are ab$entee+"arent$< theirchi!dren< aged 1 to 1.< are 6ore ?$u$ce"tib!e to beingengaged in unarranted act$< $uch a$ "re6arita! $e' thatre$u!t$ in teenage "regnancie$ and $ubDect$ the6 to abu$e<hether $e'ua! or "hy$ica! or they go into drug$/@9,

Sca!abrini Migration Center=$ 7r/ MaruDa A$i$ $aidchi!dren of F:$ reBuire 6ore attention and 6onitoringbecau$e 6o$t a!ready $hare in hou$eho!d re$"on$ibi!itie$<e$"ecia!!y the e!de$t ho u$ua!!y a$$u6e$ "art of theab$ent "arentH$= dutie$< $haring the$e re$"on$ibi!itie$ ithan o!der re!ative $uch a$ a grand"arent$/ Aurora Javate+de7io$ of Miria6 Co!!ege8$ :o6en and &ender 3n$titute(:A&3) $aid thi$ i$ e$"ecia!!y "reva!ent a6ong fe6a!efir$tborn$ ho a$$u6e the care giving re$"on$ibi!itie$ of F: 6other$< given that the !atter Pta;e aay ,0K of care+giving factor$ hen they !eave@99

97 C and Keres$ report on irre&lar *i&ration and h*an

tra==ic@in&$ 200798 ose*arie dillon$ The ==ects o= Parent,s i&ration on the

i&hts o= Children


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%he !abor 6igration "arado' $ay$ ?:e !ove you $oe have to !eave youQ@ referring to the "arting ord$ of 6igrant "arent$ to their chi!dren hen the for6er !eave for or; over$ea$ and !eave their chi!dren behind/ %he i6"actof the$e $i6"!e ord$ on the chi!dren of 6igrant$ i$ dee"and can be !ong !a$ting/ 3nitia! $tudie$ revea! both "o$itiveand negative i6"act on the chi!dren/ :hat i$ e$tab!i$hedhoever i$ that the 6a$$ 6igration at "re$ent re$u!t$ tofa6i!y redefinition< adDu$t6ent$ and $hifting of ro!e$ andre$"on$ibi!itie$ e$"ecia!!y in regard the caring or; a6ong

fa6i!y 6e6ber$/ %he$e change$ in the Fi!i"ino fa6i!ycha!!enge the conce"t of the Fi!i"ino fa6i!y that both thechurch and $tate u"ho!d/

At the $a6e ti6e< the $a6e 6igrant fa6i!ycha!!enge$ the "o!icie$ in de$tination govern6ent$ and theinternationa! co66unity a$ e!!/ %hi$ i$ e$"ecia!!yco6"e!!ing in the !ight of the Convention on the

rotection of A!! Migrant :or;er$ and Me6ber$ of %heir Fa6i!ie$ hich affir6$ the fact that 6igrant$ are not $i6"!yor;er$ but are hu6an being$ ith fa6i!ie$ ho$e right$6u$t be "rotected and "ro6oted a$ e!!/

Rei"#eg!a#i$"+ f the one 6i!!ion F:$ !eavingeach year< .0K are rehire$/ %hi$ trend of cyc!ica! 6igrationindicate$ not on!y the !ac; of viab!e Dob$ in the country buta!$o the !ac; of a co6"rehen$ive reintegration "rogra6 for returning or;er$/100

7uring their e6"!oy6ent abroad< 6any over$ea$Fi!i"ino$ are ab!e to "rovide for their fa6i!ie$= ba$ic need$<i6"rove their !iving condition$< $end their chi!dren to better

100 The National einte&ration Center that the


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$choo!$< $et u" $6a!! bu$ine$$e$< and gain other 6ateria!benefit$/ %he Survey on Fi!i"ino$ ver$ea$ (200.) and$tudie$ by roco and Fedea101 and the Center for :o6en=$ Studie$102 confir6 that a big "ro"ortion of F:re6ittance$ are $"ent for the dai!y e'"en$e$ of thehou$eho!d/ %he$e finding$ $ho that a big 6aDority of F:fa6i!ie$ are de"endent on re6ittance$ for their $u$tenance<and de$"ite the $ocia! co$t$ invo!ved< the "ro$"ect of reintegration or returning for good i$ an event that 6o$tF:$ and their fa6i!ie$ i$h ou!d ha""en !ater than$ooner/

Saving$ and inve$t6ent$ fro6 inco6e in over$ea$or; are 6ini6a!< "articu!ar!y a6ong F:$ ho are in the!o+$;i!!ed and !o+inco6e categorie$/ A !arge nu6ber of F:$ return ho6e ithout $aving$< or hatever 6eager $aving$ they have begin to dry u" during the "eriod of une6"!oy6ent in the hi!i""ine$/ :or;er$ ho are "a$ttheir "ri6e "roductive year$ find it difficu!t to co6"ete ith

!oca! or;er$ in finding Dob$/ %ho$e ho !and on !oca! Dob$find their $a!arie$ inadeBuate/ So6e are a$;ed to begin at a!oer "o$ition than hat their or;ing e'"erience abroadco66and$/ n the other hand< returned F:$ ho try to$et u" bu$ine$$ venture$ are di$couraged by the ri$;$ andthe "rohibitive bureaucratic reBuire6ent$/

%he$e rea!itie$ are rooted in the govern6ent=$fai!ure to ca"ita!ie on the F:$= re6ittance$/ 3t ha$ beenre6i$$ in or;ing out a 6ore re$"on$ive< "roductive<

101 ro>co anel- #ith achel /ede#a$ 2005$ e&ional

nte&ration Trends and Patterns o= e*ittance =lo# #ithin

Sotheast ast sia-. T 6212: Sotheast sia Aor@ers

e*ittance Std+$102 ni'ersit+ o= the Philippines Center =or Ao*en,s Stdies

/ondation- nc$ :ender- e*ittances and


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$u$tainab!e and effective F: reintegration "rogra6/10

%hi$ neg!ect "er$i$ted even after 1995 hen #e"ub!ic Act,0-2 6andated the hi!i""ine govern6ent< $"ecifica!!y thever$ea$ :or;er$ :e!fare Ad6ini$tration (::A) to carryout a reintegration "rogra6 for over$ea$ Fi!i"ino or;er$/

Any reintegration "rogra6 ou!d reBuire theconcerted and coordinated effort$ of 6igrant organiation$<&$< &$< 4oca! &overn6ent nit$ (4&$)< enter"ri$edeve!o"6ent center$< $choo!$< churche$< and other grou"$and organiation$/10- >oever< the re$o!ve and ca"acity of

the individua! 6igrant$ the6$e!ve$ a$ e!! a$ tho$e of their fa6i!ie$ are ;ey to it$ $ucce$$/ An a""roach toreintegration need$ to begin before the return "ha$e/ 3t i$ a"roce$$ that $hou!d $tart fro6 "re+de"arture and continuethrough the e6"!oy6ent and "o$t e6"!oy6ent "ha$e$/105

&overn6ent ha$ the bigge$t ro!e in a!! thi$/ Anyreintegration "rogra6 6u$t for6 "art of a country=$ nationa!

deve!o"6ent "rogra6/ Econo6ic reintegration need$ toinc!ude ca"acity bui!ding on financia! 6anage6ent andenter"ri$e deve!o"6ent< the e$tab!i$h6ent of enab!ing6echani$6$< and the creation of incentive$ for $aving$ andinve$t6ent$ for F:$ and their fa6i!ie$/

nti! govern6ent dra$ and i6"!e6ent$ a coherent<co6"rehen$ive reintegration10. "rogra6 for returnee$<

103 Corros- d#in$ Rei"#eg!a#i$" P!$g!as i" #hePhili))i"es+ piscopal Co**ission on i&rants andtinerant People$ 2004

104 %id105 %id106 einte&ration is the ter* that has co*e to %e accepted in

re=errin& to pro&ra*s that are *ainl+ desi&ned to =acilitate the

reentr+ o= /A s into the econo*ic *ainstrea* on the

pre*ise that sch reentr+ is a di==iclt tas@$




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Fi!i"ino or;er$ i!! continue to re+6igrate in drove$< if not$ett!e abroad for good/ Many i!! continue ri$;ing goingabroad a$ irregu!ar or undocu6ented 6igrant$ Du$t to earn6oney to "rovide for their fa6i!ie$= need$/

The Phili))i"es is "$# a gl$bal $del $" #he)!$$#i$" a"d )!$#e%#i$" $& #he !igh#s a"d =ellbei"g $& OF3s a"d #hei! &ailies+ n A"ri! 2+2-< 2009<the Co66ittee on the #ight$ of A!! Migrant :or;er$ andMe6ber$ of %heir Fa6i!ie$ ( M:C) e'a6ined thehi!i""ine govern6ent8$ co6"!iance ith the "rovi$ion$ of

the Migrant :or;er$ Convention10*/ 3t conc!uded thathi!e the hi!i""ine$ ha$ variou$ initiative$ and"rogra66e$ in re$"on$e to the cha!!enge$ of !abor 6igration< it i$ concerned at the $a6e ti6e that?i6"!e6entation< fo!!o+u" and eva!uation of the$e"rogra66e$ are in$ufficient/@ %he Co66ittee thereforereco66ended that it $hou!d have "ro"er fo!!o+u""rocedure$ a$ e!! a$ c!ear 6ea$urab!e and ti6e+bound

target$ in order to faci!itate trac;ing of i6"!e6entation of the$e variou$ "rogra6$ and $ervice$/ Further6ore< theCo66ittee reco66ended that the govern6ent ?revie it$!abour 6igration "o!icy in order to give "ri6ary i6"ortanceto hu6an right$ of 6igrant or;er$///@10,

%he Co66ittee8$ Conc!uding ob$ervation$ hichinc!uded the above reco66endation$< c!ear!y "ut$ in

Bue$tion the c!ai6 of the hi!i""ine govern6ent that it i$ ag!oba! 6ode! on !abor 6igration/>.8

107The Philippine &o'ern*entHs eLa*ination #as de in 2004 %t

it #as not read+ to report ntil 2008$

http!""###2$ohchr$or&"en&lish"%odies"c*#"c*#s10$ht*108Concldin& o%ser'ations on the Philippines %+ the N

Co**ittee on i&rant Aor@ers$

http!""###2$ohchr$or&"en&lish"%odies"c*#"c*#s10$ht*




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%he hi!i""ine govern6ent=$ $tronge$t "oint$ are it$e$tab!i$h6ent of 6aDor !a$ and "o!icie$ that ai6 to "rotectthe right$ of 6igrant or;er$ and their fa6i!ie$/ >oever<there i$ a big ga" beteen hat are ritten in "a"er andrea!ity/ %o 6any F:$< the hi!i""ine govern6ent fa!!$$hort a$ a g!oba! 6ode! of 6igration becau$e of it$inefficient and ineffective $tructure$ that fai! to rea!ie thetrue intent of it$ "o!icie$ and !a$/

%he $y$te6atic 6anage6ent of over$ea$de"!oy6ent through a 6yriad of "re+de"arture

reBuire6ent$ entai!$ the e'traction of fee$< to hich thegovern6ent ha$ earned $o 6uch revenue but given bac;$o !itt!e to F:$/ n the one hand< govern6ent ha$ beeninuti!e in "utting an end to i!!ega! recruit6ent "ractice$ ande'orbitant "!ace6ent fee$ i6"o$ed by "rivate recruit6entagencie$ and $o6eti6e$ "er"etuated by a !ayer of corru"tgovern6ent officia!$/ n the other< the hi!i""inegovern6ent=$ focu$ on e'"anding the !abor 6ar;et

over$ea$ vi$ a vi$ the regu!ation of 6igration "roce$$e$ i$orri$o6e becau$e it$ "riority and 6ea$ure$ of $ucce$$re$t on increa$ing of the $a!e of hu6an !abor a$co66oditie$< rather than decrea$ing the o""ortunitie$ for hu6an right$ vio!ation$ to occur/

n+$ite< govern6ent again fai!$ to "rovide 6uchneeded $ervice$ to F:$< e$"ecia!!y to F:S in cri$i$$ituation$/ %here are re"ort$ about the indifferent andhaughty behavior of e6ba$$y $taff that are e'"ected toa$$i$t F:$< !a6entab!y they have not been oriented on

109The Philippine &o'ern*entin its state*ent %e=ore the N

Co**ittee on i&rant Aor@ers stated that the Philippines is

$$a *odel in *i&ration *ana&e*ent a*on& la%or sendin&

contries in sia$$. penin& State*ent o= *%assador rlinda

Basilio- Fead o= Philippine ele&ation to the N AC 10th

Session$ pril 23- 2009$




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the "ro+"oor and right$+ba$ed "hi!o$o"hy to hichgovern6ent i$ co66itted through variou$ nationa! andinternationa! in$tru6enta!itie$/ %he gender in$en$itivity of $o6e e6ba$$y $taff cau$e re"eated trau6a on he!"+$ee;ing victi6$ of gender+ba$ed vio!ence/ Further6ore< thedi$"ro"ortionate nu6ber of hi!i""ine$ e6ba$$ie$ or con$u!ate$ vi$ a vi$ the $heer 6a$$ of F:$ in a region or country i!!u$trate the !ac; of $eriou$ne$$ in inve$ting on the"rotection and e!fare of F:$ ho have gained the$tatu$ ?6ga bagong bayani@ or ne heroe$ becau$e theyare the force that ;ee" the hi!i""ine econo6y af!oat/

"on reintegration< F:$ co6e ho6e to the $a6econdition$ that they !eft becau$e govern6ent< for 6anyrea$on$ and e'cu$e$< ha$ fai!ed to ca"ita!ie on their gain$/3t i$ a c!a$$ic ca$e of fai!ing to do the hou$eor; hi!e thebreadinner i$ out or;ing for age$/ 7e$"ite it$ re"eatedc!ai6$ that the "ro6otion of over$ea$ 6igration i$ but ate6"orary econo6ic 6ea$ure< the hi!i""ine govern6ent i$

unab!e to te!! hen it i!! end becau$e the country u" tono re6ain$ "oor< ith high une6"!oy6ent< and nodeve!o"ed indu$trie$ to $"ea; of/ %hu$< 6igration for !abor beco6e$ a forced o"tion in a "er6anent cyc!e of co6ingand going of F:$ ho "ay the high "rice of $e"arationfro6 their fa6i!ie$ in e'change for a ne a$$ign6ent thati!! $ave the6 fro6 Dob!e$$ne$$ in their ho6e country/

3$ the hi!i""ine$ a g!oba! 6ode! on 6igration 3n$o6e a$"ect$ it ha$ done a !ot to 6anage the de"!oy6ent"roce$$ $o that it can run $6ooth!y/ ut on 6anyocca$ion$< it ha$ fai!ed to re$"ect< "rotect< and "ro6ote theright$ of it$ citien+6igrant$/ Mo$t di$a""ointing i$ it$ !ac;of fore$ight and !ong+ter6 vi$ion on ho the "o$itiveoutco6e$ of 6igration can be harne$$e$ and u$ed to 6a;e!abor 6igration a tru!y free choice for each "er$on/ %a;ing




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into account the$e i6"erfection$< the hi!i""ine$ doe$ notde$erve to be ;non a$ a g!oba! 6ode!

the philippines a global model on labor migration

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