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-University of CaliforniaSOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY

405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388Return this material to the library

from which it was borrowed.

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J #99

't | W: * * * ...'| Lu - U O'

DRILL REGULATIONS FOR INFANTRYl

From Hand Book Infantry and Artillery, U. S. Navy. .*[.

CONTENTS - ... e.

(Pages numbered at bottom.) t

Landing Force, Organization, Equipment and Landing. . o:School of the Squad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-2)Manual of Arms and Firings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-52

School of the Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-69Color Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-72

Posts of Special Details and p. os. in Line and Column. . 7tManual of the Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73-75

Formations for Street Riots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7683

Wall Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8488

Extended Order, Squad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89-103

Front Attack by a Company, Plate IIo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO4Front Attack by a Battalion, Plates III and II2. . . . . . . . . Io5-IO6Advance and Rear Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io7-IoS

Camping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IOQ-III

Outposts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II2-II3

Manual of Guard Duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II413I

Guard Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IS2-137

NoTE.In Part I the pages at the top, all plates, and paragraphs are numbered as in the Hand Book of Infantry andArtillery, U. S. Navy. The pages are numbered consecutivelyat the bottom and are so referred to in the Table of Contents.

8

LANDING FORCE

Special Details.

11. The pioneers, consisting ordinarily of one man for everysection landed, are under the direction of the brigade quarter

master, and will be selected from the mechanics. When thelanding force is not stronger than a single battalion, the pioneers

will be under the direction of the adj., a p. o. acting as leader.12. The ammunition party, consisting ordinarily of one manor every section landed, is under the direction of the brigaderdnance officer. In the case of a battalion acting singly, a1. 0. will have general charge, one man acting as leader.

13. (I.) The commissariat will be organized by the commisary under the direction of the commanding officer.

(2.) One messman will be detailed as cook for every sectionanded.

C (3.) The quantity and kind of provisions will depend upon the

nature and length of service, distance from the base, and uponhe probable supplies obtainable upon the field.

(4.) The greatest care should be taken in selecting drinkingwater, and, if there be any doubt as to its purity, it should be

2.

6 boiled for at least one-half hour.; (5) The following table of rations is suggested as suitable for

... brief tours of duty on shore:

. Article. Per IOO Rations.Bread (hard or soft). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 lbs.

Corn beef (canned) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 lbs.

* Baked beans (canned) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 lbs.

1. Coffee (roasted and ground). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 lbs.

10. Sugar (granulated) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 lbs.1. Tomatoes (canned) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ioo lbs.

- Salt (table) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 lbs.

-10 Pepper (black) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 OZ.

* 14. An emergency ration for two days' service may be issued# to each man, and carried in the haversack, consisting of hard

rt bread, twenty ounces; corned or roast beef, one 2-pound can;# sugar, eight ounces; coffee, four ounces. The last two items in

small bags.R" 15. The ambulance party, consisting ordinarily of one man for

* every two sections landed, is under the direction of the medical# officer. The men composing this detail will wear the Geneva* Cross on the left arm, and shall not carry weap".

*

LANDING FoRCE. 9

16. The necessary number of signalmen will be detailed, oneof whom will act as leader.

17. Boat-keepers will be detailed as follows: Whaleboat orgig, one; cutter, two; launch, four. An officer will be detailedas beach-master, in charge of the boats and their keepers.

Equipment.

*=

Plate 1. Art. 18 (1.) Plate 2. Art. 18 (1.)Fully equipped. Fully equipped.Overcoat inside rubber blanket. Without overcoat.

18. (I.) The equipment will depend upon the circumstancesof service. When fully equipped, each man will carry packedknapsack and haversack, rubber blanket, and overcoat, cartridge

belt, filled canteen, and leggings. The knife laniard will be hauleddown straight in front, and tucked inside of the cartridge belt.

IO

:

10 LANDING FORCE.

(2.) When lightly equipped, filled caneen,cartridge belt, and leggings.

(3.) Pioneers will carry intrenching tools.(4.) One stretcher will be carried by everytwo men of the ambulance party.

(5.) Signal apparatus will be carried by thesignal party.

19. The haversack is worn in rear of the

left hip, the canteen in rear of the right hip,with cartridge belt over both haversack slings

and over the rear sling of the canteen.20. (I.) The knapsack will contain the following articles: One single blanket; one

suit of blue or white, one suit of underclothes,two pairs of socks, one pair of shoes, one--- watch cap, and two cap covers, all of which

"..., shall be packed in the following order:## Blanket in flat folds, exact size of knapsack,next to the back; undershirt and drawers, folded separately, flat

folds, side by side, forming second layer; extra suit, similarlyfolded, forming third and outer layer; each layer to fit knap

sack snugly; shoes tucked down, one on each side, soles outward, heels up, and flush with top of clothing; cap, cap covers,

and socks on top of all, then make fast the tie-ties.

(2.) The knapsack pocket will contain towel, soap, comb,tooth-brush, sewing kit, pipe, and tobacco.

(3.) When knapsacks are not provided, the above describedarticles will be carried in the blanket, neatly rolled lengthwise

and stopped, the roll placed over the left shoulder, with bothends of the roll secured together under the right arm.

(4.) The rubber blanket will be rolled tightly on its width,then middle it across top of knapsack and secure by the two

traps, the ends of the latter to be tightly coiled on top. Theends of the roll to be secured down the sides of the knapsackby buttoning over them the beckets that secure the flap. . .(5) The overcoat, if carried, to be rolled lengthwise inside

the rubber blanket. ill(6.) Rain clothes, if carried in place of rubber blanket, be rolled and secured in the same manner as the rubber' :

(7.) The cup will be secured by the loop on the bottomthe knapsack.

II

LANDING FORCE.

21. The haversack will contain rations, knife, fork, spoo

plate, and tobacco.22. Any of the above mentioned articles, when not requir. .by the special nature of service, may be omitted by directioof the commander-in-chief or senior officer present.

Arms.

(Hand Book, page 12.)

24. Infantry sections will be armed with the service rifle.25. The pioneers, ammunition party, signalmen, and messm.will ordinarily be armed with revolvers. The commander

chief may direct the substitution of rifles for revolvers whe

ever the special details are lightly equipped, or when the circu:stances of service may require the change. Boat-keepers sh

be armed with the rifle.

26. C. p. os. and sf. p. os. shall be armed with cutlass arevolver; color-bearers, and buglers, with the revolver only.

27. In the artillery sections, the 1. p. 0. and numbers I toinclusive shall be armed with the revolver only, the remaind

of the section with the service rifle. On parades, when a lomarch may be expected, artillery sections may be armed withe revolver only.

Duties of the Brigade Staff.

(Hand Book, page 12.)

28. (I.) The bg. adj., signal officer, and aids, will perforsuch duties as may be assigned them by the bg. C.

(2.) The quartermaster will have general charge of the oper

tions of the pioneers; will supervise the details of transport

tion, and will provide quarters and camp equipage when neede

I2

LANDING FORCE. 13

(3.) The adj. of a battalion, acting alone, will perform theduties of quartermaster. -

(4.) The ordnance officer will provide the reserve ammunition, and supervise its distribution, and will be charged with

the care and preservation of the ordnance outfit.(5.) The C. p. o. of a battalion, acting alone, will perform theduties of ordnance officer.

(6.) The brigade commissary will organize the commissariatunder the direction of the bg. C., and will perform the duties

of purchasing and disbursing officer.(7.) The brigade medical officer will organize the ambulanceparty, with the assistance of the battalion medical officers, and

will prepare for the bg. C., hygienic and hospital regulations, andwill make such recommendations as he may deem necessary for

the preservation of the health of the command.29. (I.) The special details, pioneers, ammunition parties, ambulance parties, messmen, and signalmen, of the several battalions,

will be massed under the general direction of the bg. adj.(2.) In the event of a battalion being detailed for detachedservice from the brigade, and at other times when circumstances

may require it, such battalion may take its quota of the specialdetails.

The Landing.

30. When a landing is contemplated, the commander-in-chiefindicates the character of the landing party from each ship, thenumber of sections, and the number and kind of pieces of artillery.

31. (I.) When the brigade is tobe landed, the boats of each ship's A.

landing force will form in col- 24.umn on the starboard (or port)

beam, in the following order: ***)" 2.." ters, whaleboats, gig. The bt. C.in the steam launch, will take the ()boats in tow, oars being used toassist, if necessary.

(2.) The commander-in-chiefnot having prescribed a specialformation for landing, the bg. c. :y will embark and direct one bat- Plate 10. Art. 31 (2.)talion of boats to take a specified Line of columns.

I3

14 LANDING FoRCE.

position, and the other battalions of boats will then form inparallel columns at intervals of four boats' lengths. The line ofcolumns will be the habitual formation of the brigade for landing. The interval between columns may be increased or diminished on the center or right-center battalion of boats by signal.

(3.) If the brigade is to be landed for parade or drill, the bg.C. will direct the battalions where and when to land.

(4.) The brigade of boats should never be formed in line orlines, except preliminary to landing when likely to be opposed,

in which case the formation will be governed by the plan ofattack. -

32. The infantry boats, and those containing light machineguns, will form on the general line of battle. The boats carry

ing artillery and powerful machine guns, take station in rearof the general line. If necessary, they may be assembled at the

extremities, and in the center of the line, to cross their fire infront of the flotilla, and to protect the flanks.

33. Fast pulling boats, containing the medical officers withassistants, and proper outfits, will be stationed in rear of themain line. They will be designated by the hospital flag, and theambulance party will form their crews.

34. Steam launches will carry artillery not intended for landing, and will patrol the beach for the purpose of covering the

landing or re-embarkation. They may be used for towing andfor floating boats that have grounded, but they must not bebeached, and any portion of the landing force that may havetaken passage in them will be ferried to and from the shore in

pulling boats.35. (I.) Being in tow, and preliminary to disembarking, thefollowing whistle signals will be used:

Three blasts.Oars get ready, and prepare to cast off.Two blasts.Up or out oars.

One blast.Cast off and let fall.

(2.) After embarking, boats will promptly pull clear of theship or landing, and make fast their painters in the assignedorder. The steam launch having straightened out the tow, threeblasts will be the signal to stand by, and two blasts to boat the

O31S.

36. (1.) Artillery to be landed, shall be carried in sailinglaunches or large cutters. Cutters and large whaleboats will be:used for the transportation of the infantry, one section, com

I4 |

LANDING FoRCE. 15

plete, in each boat, the men being seated by squads from bowto stern, ready to deploy the instant the boats strike the beach.

(2.) Signalmen will land with the bt. Cs. and bg. cs.(3.) The marines, in complete squads or sections, will be assigned to the several boats conveying the infantry and artillery.

(4.) The special details will be concentrated in one boat, ifpracticable; if not, then they will be distributed among thelarger boats.

37. The beach having been sufficiently cleared by artillery, aportion of the infantry is landed, and at once deployed. It isfollowed by the main body. A part of the artillery is held back

until it is apparent that the force is well established.38. The landing effected, measures will be taken to renderthe position secure, and outposts and guards established at once.

39. If a march into the interior be necessary, the column willbe formed with advance and rear guards. Halts of about ten

minutes will be made every hour.40. For actual service on shore, beyond the limits of communication by water, the best possible means for the transportation of extra ammunition must be provided.

- The Advance.

41. A front attack will not be made when a movement on

a flank is practicable, and men must not be exposed in massesto the fire of the enemy. Positions when carried will imme

diately be made secure.42. (I.) Artillery fire will generally be concentrated upon theposition to be attacked, sweeping it, if possible, with a crossfire, up to the last moment.

(2.) Artillery will not be moved oftener than necessary, aschange of position entails loss of range and interruption of fire.As a general rule, guns will not be disturbed as long as theyare doing good service; they will not, however, remain in aposition where their fire is ineffective. Protection will be

sought in undulations of the ground, breastworks, logs, etc.;advantages of position and ability to move quickly will not,however, be sacrificed to security. Riflemen of the artillery

sections will be deployed upon the flanks to keep off theenemys sharp-shooters.

43. As soon as the landing force has left the boats, the latterwill be hauled off to their anchors, with stern lines to the beach.

Each artillery boat will be made ready to mount its gun.I5

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LANDING FORCE. 17

44. The beach-master will examine the beach with a view of

selecting the best position for covering the re-embarkation, andwill employ such means as lie in his power to render the posi

tion defensible in case of necessity.45. In re-embarking, the artillery is first embarked, and isthen used to cover the embarkation of the infantry.

17

INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY.

GENERAL RULES.

46. All details, detachments, and other bodies of troops, willhabitually be formed in double rank. When desirable, small

details may be formed in single rank.47. Movements which may be executed toward either flank,are explained as toward but one flank, it being necessary to sub

stitute the word left for right, or the reverse, to have the command and explanation of the corresponding movement toward

the other flank.

48. In movements where the guide may be either right orleft, it is indicated in the command thus: Guide right (or left).

49. All movements, not specially excepted, may be executedeither from a halt or when marching. The statement, at thebeginning of a paragraph, of the formation from which a move

ment is executed, excepts all others, and the movement prescribed is executed from the specified formation only.

50. All movements, not specially excepted, may be executedin double time. If from a halt, or if marching in quick time, thecommand, double time, precedes the command, march; if marching in double time, the command, double time, is omitted.

51. (I.) Preparatory commands, such as forward, are thosewhich indicate the movement to be executed.

(2.) Commands of execution, such as MARCH, HALT, or ARMs,are those which cause the execution of the movement.

(3.) Preparatory commands are distinguished by italics; commands of execution by SMALL CAPITALs.

(4.) A command of execution should be given in a moreenergetic and elevated tone than the preparatory command

which precedes it.(5.) The commands, HALT, ATTENTION, LoAD, READY; also1. About 2. FACE, shall always be preceded by the preparatorycommand, Squad, Section, Company, or Battalion.

(6.) When giving commands, an officer should face his men.52. The signals and bugle calls must be frequently used inthe instruction, in order that officers and men may readily recog

nize them.

53. In the text, the posts of the officers and p. 0s. are specified; but, as instructors, they go wherever their presence is

necessary.

18

DRILL REGULATIONS

FOR

INFANTRY.

I9 - - - "

SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD.

54. The object of this school is the instruction of the individual recruit, and afterward that of the squad.

55. The instructor explains each movement in as few wordsas possible, at the same time executing it himself. He avoidskeeping recruits too long at the same movement, although eachmust be understood before passing to another, and he should

exact by degrees the desired precision and uniformity.56. As the instruction progresses, the recruits will be groupedaccording to proficiency, in order that all may advance as rap

idly as their abilities permit. Those who lack aptitude andquickness will be separated from the others, and placed underexperienced drill-masters.

57. If the instructor wishes to begin a movement anew forthe purpose of correcting it, he commands: As you were, atwhich the former position is resumed.

Instruction without Arms.

58. (I.) For this instruction, a few recruits, usually not exceeding four, are placed in a single rank, facing to the front,and according to height from right to left, the tallest man onthe right. -

(2.) When the recruits have learned how to take their places,they are required to do so without assistance from the instructor,

at the command, fall in.

Position of Attention.

59. Heels on the same line, and as near each other as theconformation of the man permits; feet turned out equally, andforming with each other an angle of about sixty degress; knees

straight, without stiffness; body erect on the hips, inclining alittle forward, shoulders falling equally; arms and hands hang

ing naturally, backs of the hands outward, little finger oppositethe seams of the trousers, elbows near the body; head erect and

square to the front; chin slightly drawn in, without constraint;eyes straight to the front.

- 20

SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD. 21

The Rests.

60. Being at a halt, to rest the men, the instructor commands:1. FALL OUT, or REST, or AT EASE.

(I.) At the command, fall out, the men may leave the ranks,but will remain in the immediate vicinity. At the command,

fall in, they resume their former places.(2.) At the command, rest, the men keep one heel in place,but are not required to preserve silence or immobility.

(3.) At the command, at ease, the men keep the left heel inplace, and preserve silence, but not immobility.

(4.) To resume the attention: I. Squad, 2. ATTENTION.61. To give the men rest, imposing both steadiness of position and silence: 1. Parade, 2. REST.

- (1.) Carry the right foot six inches straight to the rear, theleft knee slightly bent; clasp the hands in front of the center

of the body, the left hand uppermost, the left thumb clasped bythe thumb and fingers of the right hand.

(2.) To resume the attention: I. Squad, 2. ATTENTION.

To Dismiss the Squad.

62. Being in line at a halt: DISMISSED.

Facings.

63. To the right or left: 1. Right (or Left), 2. FACE.(I.) Raise the right heel and left toe and face to the right,turning on the left heel, at the same time place the right foot

by the side of the left.(2.) The facings to the left are also executed upon the leftheel.

64. To the rear: I. About, 2. FACE.At the first command, carry the toe of the right foot fourinches to the rear, and three inches to the left of the left heel,without changing the position of the left foot. At the second

command, turn upon the left heel and right toe, face to the rearand replace the right heel by the side of the left.

Salute with the Hand.

65. Being at attention or in march: 1. Right (or Left) hand,2. SALUTE.

(1.) Raise, the hand quickly until the forefinger touches :lower part of the head-dress above the right or left eye; thum

2 I

SCHOOL of THE SQUAD.

and fingers extended and joined, palm to theleft or right, forearm inclined at about fortyfive degrees; hand and wrist straight; glancetoward the person saluted. -

(2.) The salute being returned, or the officerpassed and the salute being unobserved, dropthe hand quickly by the side.

(3) Salute with the hand furthest from the

officer. Should this hand be engaged, salutewith the disengaged hand.

(4.) The salute should be rendered at sixpaces before passing, or being passed by, an

officer, unless the nearest point reached begreater than six paces, and not more thanthirty paces, in which case salute at the point- nearest the officer.

P'". The Steps.66. The length of the full step in quick time is thirty inches,measured from heel to heel, and the cadence is at the rate ofone hundred and twenty steps per minute.

67. (I.) The instructor places himself eight or ten paces infront of the recruits, and facing toward them executes the stepslowly, at the same time explaining its principles; he thencommands: 1. Forward, 2. MARCH.

(2.) At the first command, throw the weight of the body uponthe right leg, without bending the left knee. At the secondcommand, carry the left foot straight forward thirty inches fromthe right, measuring from heel to heel, the sole near the ground,

the knee straight and slightly turned out; at the same timethrow the weight of the body forward, and plant the foot with

out shock, the weight of the body resting upon it; then advanceand plant the right foot, and, in like manner, continue themarch. The instructor indicates the cadence of the step fromtime to time, by calling, one, two, three, four, or left, right, the

instant the left and right foot, respectively, should be planted.(3.) The cadence is at first slow, and is gradually increased toquick time.

68. To arrest the march: 1. Squad, 2. HALT.At the second command, given the instant either foot isbrought to the ground, the foot in rear is brought up andplanted without shock by the side of the other.

22

ScHool of THE SQUAD. 23

Double Time.

69. The length of the full step in double time is thirty-sixinches; the cadence is at the rate of one hundred and eightysteps per minute.

70. To march in double time: I. Forward, 2. Double time,3. MARCH.

(I.) At the first command, throw the weight of the body onthe right leg; at the second command, raise the hands until the

forearms are horizontal, fingers closed, nails toward the body,elbows to the rear; at the third command, carry forward the

left foot, and plant it thirty-six inches from the right; thenadvance and plant the right foot, and, in like manner, continue

the march, throwing the weight of the body forward and allowing a natural swinging motion to the arms.

(2.) Recruits should also be exercised at running, the principles being the same as for double time.

(3.) In marching in double time, and in running, the menbreathe as much as possible through the nose, keeping the

mouth closed.

Short Step.

71. Being in march: 1. Short step, 2. MARCH.(1.) The step is shortened to fifteen inches. The full step isresumed at the command: I. Forward, 2. MARCH.

(2.) The length of the short step in double time is eighteeninches.

Side Step.72. Being at a halt: I. Right (or Left) step, 2. MARCH.

(I.) Carry the right foot twelve inches to the right; as soonas the right foot is planted, bring the left foot beside it; con

tinue the movement, observing the cadence as explained for thedirect step.

(2.) The side step is executed in quick time only.w Back Step.

73. Being at a halt: 1. Backward, 2. MARCH.(1.) Step back with the left foot fifteen inches to the rear,measuring from heel to heel, then with the right, and so on.

(2.) At the command, halt, bring back the foot in front to theside of the one in rear. - - ick

(3) The back step is used for short distances, and in quic

time only.

23

24 SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD.

74. The short step, side step, and back step, may be executedfrom mark time, and conversely.

T0 Mark Time.

75. Being in march: I. Mark time, 2. MARCH.(I.) At the second command, given the instant either foot iscoming to the ground, mark the cadence without gaining

ground, by alternately advancing each foot about half its length,and bringing it back on a line with the other.

(2.) To resume the full step: 1. Forward, 2. MARCH.(3.) Being at a halt, to mark time, the movement is executedin the same manner as when on the march.

(4.) To halt when marking time: I. Squad, 2. HALT.At the second command, given as either foot is coming tothe ground, halt and resume the position of attention.

To Change Step.

76. Being in march: 1. Change step, 2. MARCH.(I.) At the second command, given as the right foot comes tothe ground, advance and plant the left foot; bring the right foot

near the heel of the left, and step off again with the left.(2.) The change on the right foot is similarly executed, thesecond command being given as the left foot strikes the ground.

CLOSE ORDER.

77. In this instruction, the movements are first executed insingle rank, and without arms. Afterward, the recruits will beformed in squads of eight men each, in double rank, and with

arms. The explanations are given for the squad in the latterformation.

78. In the calculation of distances and intervals, the depth ofa man is assumed to be twelve inches, and his front in ranks

twenty-four inches.79. In line, at a halt, facing distance, or the distance betweenranks from back to breast, is twelve inches; on taking up themarch, this distance is increased to thirty-six inches, the rear

rank shortening the first few steps. At the command, halt, bothranks halt simultaneously, and the rear rank then closes tofacing distance.

80. When the guide is announced in a command, the manon the flank designated, conducts the march. In their prelimi

nary drills, the places of the recruits will frequently be changed.24

ScHool of THE SQUAD. 25

81. When faced to the rear in line, vacancies in the new frontrank will be temporarily filled by the men in the rear, and theguides will step into the new front rank.

To Form the Squad.

82. (I.) The p. 0 places himself in front of where the centerof the squad is to be when formed, and commands: FALL IN,or makes the signal for the assembly.

(2.) The men form in double rank, from right to left, facingto the front, with arms at the order; a very light touch between

elbows, in order to manipulate the piece with freedom.

To Align the Squad.

83. The instructor establishes one or more files as a base,and commands: I. Right (or Left), 2. DRESS, 3. FRONT.

At the second command, the men turn the head and eyesslightly to the right, and simultaneously move forward or back

ward, halting a little in rear of the line; each man then movesup in rapid succession, taking steps of two or three inches,

places his elbow lightly against that of the man on his right,and brings his shoulders and eyes in line with those of the men

on his right. The rear-rank man conforms to the movementof his file-leader. At the third command, the men stand fastand look to the front.

84. When the squad has learned to dress quickly and well,the guide alone is first established; the two or three files on the

flank are accurately aligned as promptly as possible to afforda base for the remainder of the squad.

To Form Single Rank.

85. Being in double rank: I. Single rank, 2. MARCH, 3.FRONT. / 4 J 2 / /

26 SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD.

file-leader, when he steps forward to the line of the front rank,halts, and dresses to the right. At the third command, look to

the front.To Form Double Rank.

86. Being in single rank, and having counted fours: I.Double rank, 2. MARCH, 3. FRONT.

->

J D J D . [T]G G [S DSDS

2 # 2.Plate 14. Art. 86. Form double rank.

At the second command, the even numbers take two steps tothe rear to form the rear rank; the men then close in quickly tothe right by side step, and form in two ranks, the original odd

numbers being in front, all dressing to the right. At the thirdcommand, look to the front.

MARCHINGS.

T0 March in Line.

87. Being in line at a halt: 1. Forward, 2. Guide right (orleft), 3. MARCH.

(1.) The squad steps off, the guide marching straight to thefront; the rear-rank men cover their file-leaders, and followthem as described in art. 79.

(2.) The instructor will see that the men yield to pressurefrom the side of the guide, and resist pressure from the opposite direction; that they gradually recover the alignment, if lost,by slightly shortening or lengthening the step; and that whilehabitually keeping the head direct to the front, they occasionally

glance toward the side of the guide to assure themselves of thealignment.

(3.) To change the guide: Guide left (or right).(4.) If the men should lose step, the instructor commands:STEP; the men glance toward the side of the guide, retake the

step, and then look to the front.(5.) To halt a squad: 1. Squad, 2. HALT.

To March Backward.

88. Being at a halt: I. Backward, 2. Guide right (or left), 3.MARCH.

26

SCHOOL of THE SQUAD. 27

T0 March to the Rear.

89. Being in march, in quick time: 1. To the rear, 2. MARCH,3. Guide right (or left).

(I.) At the first command, the rear rank opens out to fortyeight inches. At the second command, given as the right foot

strikes the ground, advance and plant the left foot; turn on theballs of both feet, face to the right about, and immediately step offwith the left foot; the new rear rank closes up to standard distance.

(2) If marching in double time, turn to the right about, taking four short steps in place, keeping the cadence, and then stepoff with the left foot.

To March by the Flank.90 (1.) Being in line, at a halt: 1. Right (or Left), 2. FACE,3. Forward, 4. MARCH.

(2.) Being in line, marching: 1. By the right (or left) flank,2. MARCH. -

At the second command, given as the right foot strikes theground, advance and plant the left foot, face to the right in

marching, and step off with the right foot. In each file the'ront-rank man is the guide; the men cover in file and keepslosed to facing distance.

91. Marching in column of files, to march in line: 1. By theight (or left) flank, 2. MARCH, 3. Guide right (or left).

To Change Direction in Column of Files.92. Being in march: 1. Column right (or left); or, I. Column|alf right (or half left), 2. MARCH.

(I.) At the second command, the leading file wheels to theight, or half right, the pivot man shortening two or three steps,

nd moving over a quarter or an eighth of a circle, whose radius, about twenty-four inches; the other files follow the first and

wheel on the same ground.(2) If at a halt: 1. Forward, 2. Column right (or left); or,

Column half right (or half left), 3. MARCH.(3) To make a slight change of direction: 1. Incline to theght (or left), 2. MARCH.

The leading file takes the direction indicated, and the otherles follow and incline on the same ground.

The Oblique March.93. Being in line, at a halt or in march: I. Right (or Left)

lique, 2. MARCH.

27

28 SCHOOL of THE SQUAD.

(1.) At the second command, each man half faces to the rightand at the same time steps off in the new direction. He pre

serves his relative position, keeping his shoulders parallel tthose of the man next on his right, and so regulates his steas to make the head of this man conceal the heads of the othe

men in the rank; the ranks remain parallel to their originafront. Each rear-rank man marches so as to cover his file

leader upon resuming the original direction.(2.) At the command, halt, the men halt, faced to the front.

(3.) To resume the original direction: I. Forward, 2. MARCIThe men half face to the left in marching, and continue to th

front. If marking time while obliquing, the oblique marchresumed by the command: 1. Oblique, 2. MARCH.

(4.) The short step will not be used in the oblique march, anthe guide is always, without indication, on the side towarwhich the oblique is made.

(5.) On resuming the direct march, the guide is, without indication, on the side it was previous to the oblique.

(6.) If the oblique be executed from a halt, the guide is announced on taking the direct march in line. -

(7.) The column of files obliques by the same commands.

To March in Double Time.

94. Being in line, at a halt: 1. Forward, 2. Guide right dleft), 3. Double time, 4. MARCH.

To Pass from Quick to Double Time, and the Reverse.

95. Marching in quick time: I. Double time, 2. MARCH.(1.) At the second command, given as the left foot strikes thground, advance the right foot in quick time, and step off witthe left foot in double time.

(2.) To resume the quick time: I. Quick time, 2. MARCH.At the second command, given as either foot is coming tthe ground, the squad resumes the quick time.

TURNINGS.

T0 Turn and Halt.

96. Being in line: 1. Squad right (or left), 2. MARCH, 3FRONT. |

(1.) At the second command, the right guide (if there be oneand the right file halt, if marching, and the front-rank or piv

man faces to the right; the other files half face to the right imarching, and without changing the length or cadence of the ste

28

SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD. 29

place themselves successively upon thealignment established by the right file;all dress to the right without command.The instructor verifies the alignment

from the pivot flank and commands:FRONT, at which the guide takes hispost. The rear-rank men conform tothe movements of their file-leaders.

(2) Squad half right (or half left) isexecuted in the same manner, except Plate 15. Art. 96.that the pivot makes a half face to the Squad right.

right. To Turn and Advance.

97. Being in line: I. Right (or Left) turn, 2. MARCH, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 5. Guide right (or left).

(I.) At the second command, the man or guide on the rightmarches by the right flank, and takes the short step withoutchanging the cadence; the W: Pl:

other men half face to the W'lh,right in marching, and, ''.moving by the shortest W. [..]"line, successively place > ,themselves on the new * ||.

line, when they take theshort step. The rear-rank

men conform to the movements of their file-leaders.

As soon as the last man

las arrived on the new line, the fourth command is given, whenill resume the full step.

(2) Right (or Left) half turn is executed in similar manner, ex'ept that the guide makes a half face to the right.

(3) Should the command, halt, be given during the executionif the movement, the men already on the line halt; the othershalt on arriving on the line; all dress to the right without com

mand. The instructor verifies the alignment from the pivotlank, and commands: FRONT.

- To Incline in Line.

98. In order to change slightly the direction of the march:Incline to the right (or left), 2. MARCH.Executed in the same manner as the turn, the guide marchig in the direction indicated.

Plate 16. Art. 97. Right turn.

29

THE MANUAL OF ARMS.

108. (I.) When fair progress has been made in the individuainstruction of recruits, they will be taught the manual of armsinstruction with and without arms alternating. A part of each

drill with arms will be devoted to marching.(2.) The manual of arms is explained for double rank, but foinstruction, recruits are first placed in single rank.

(3.) The instructor will, at first, cause the men to execute thmovements by themselves, without command, until they under

stand the details; after this he will require them to execute thimovements together, at command.

(4.) The cadence of the motions is the same as that of quictime. The movements relating to loading, the fixing and un

fixing of the bayonet, the adjusting of sights, and the breakinand forming of stacks, are executed with promptness and regu

larity, but not in cadence.(5.) Being at a halt, the movements may, for the purpose 0instruction, be divided into motions and executed in detail; itthis case, the command of execution determines the prompt per

formance of the first motion, and the command, two, three, thaof the other motions.

(6.) To execute movements in detail, the instructor first cautions: By the numbers; all movements divided into motions ar

then executed as above explained until he cautions: Witholthe numbers.

(7.) The piece is habitually carried with the chamber emptand firing-pin down.

109. (I.) The recruit being in the position of attention, the instructor first causes him to place his piece carefully in the

Position of Order Arms.

(2) The butt rests evenly on the ground, arms hanging naurally, elbows near the body, the right hand holding the piecbetween the thumb and fingers, first two fingers in front, th

others in rear; the barrel to the rear, the toe of the piece toucling and on a line with toe of the right shoe. |

30

THE MANUAL of ARMs. 31

(3.) When falling in, recruits habitually take their places innks with pieces at the order.

110. The balance of the piece is the center of gravity, bayonetfixed.

111. Being at the order: 1. Present, 2. ARMs.Carry the piece in front of the center of the body with the;ht hand, barrel to the rear and vertical, grasp it with thet hand at the balance, thumb extended along the barrel, therearm horizontal and resting against the body. (Two) graspe small of the stock with the right hand. -

Plate 17. Art. 109. Plate 19. Art. 113.Order arms. Present arms. Port arms.

112. Being at the present: 1. Order, 2. ARMs.Let go with the right hand and regrasp the piece just abovee lower band, back of the hand to the right; let go with thethand, carry the piece with the right to the right side, barrel

the rear, hand near the thigh, butt about three inches fromt ground, left hand steadying the piece above the right, fingerstended and joined, forearm and wrist straight and inclined

wnward. (Two) lower the piece gently to the ground withtright hand, drop the left quickly by the side, and take the

sition of order arms.113. Being at the order; 1. Port, 2. ARMs.(1) Raise and throw the piece diagonally across the body,

2 1

32 THE MANUAL OF ARMs.

grasp it smartly with both hands, the right, palm down, at thsmall of the stock; the left, palm up, at the balance, thumclasping the piece, barrel sloping to the left and crossing oppd

site the junction of the neck with the left shoulder; right forarm horizontal; left forearm resting against the body; piece nea

the body.(2.) In the instruction of the recruit, to prevent interferentwith, or apprehension by, the man on his left, especially whebayonets are fixed, care should be taken in coming to the postion of port arms, and like positions of the piece, that the muzz

be not swung to the rear nor dropped farther to the left thanecessary for taking the designated position.

114. Being at the port: I. Order, 2. ARMs.Let go with the right hand, lower and carry the piece to tright with the left hand, regrasp it with the right just above thlower band, back of hand to the front, let go with the left han

lower and turn the piece with the right, bringing the barrel !the rear, butt about three inches from the ground, and hat

near the thigh; steady the piece in this position with the lhand above the right, fingers extended and joined, forearm a

wrist straight and inclined downward. (Two) lower the piegently to the ground with the right hand, drop the left by t

side, and take the position of order arms.115. Being at the present: I. Port, 2. ARMCarry the piece diagonally across the body atake the position of port arms.

116. Being at the port: 1. Present, 2. ARMCarry the piece to a vertical position in froof the center of the body, barrel to the rear, a

take the position of present arms.117. Being at the order: I. Shoulder, 2. ARM(I.) Take the position of port arms. (TwCarry and place the piece on the right should

and at the same time change the right handthe butt, barrel up, trigger and guard just bel

the hollow of the shoulder, heel of the butt.'tween the first and second fingers of the rihand, thumb and fingers closed on the stock;- bow near the body, hand directly in front ofPlate:20. Art. In elbow, left hand at the small of the stock. (Th

shoulder arms. Drop the left hand by the side.(2) Care should be taken in the instruction of recruits that in

32

THE MANUAL OF ARMs. 33

position of shoulder arms, the right hand is kept directly in frontof the elbow, which insures steadiness of the piece on the shoul

der, sufficient elevation of the muzzle to prevent interference withthe men in the rear rank, and uniformity of appearance in the

position of the piece.118. Being at the shoulder: I. Order, 2. ARMs.

Press the butt down quickly with the right hand and throwthe piece diagonally across the body, and take the position ofport arms. (Two) Same as the first motion from the port to the

order. (Three) Same as the second motion from the port to theorder.

119. Being at the order: I. Slope, 2. ARMs.Take the position of port arms. (Two) Carryand place the piece on the left shoulder, and atthe same time change the left hand to the butt,barrel up, trigger and guard just below the hol

ow of the shoulder, heel of the butt between thefirst and second fingers of the left hand, thumb

and fingers closed on the stock, elbow near thebody, hand directly in front of the elbow, right

hand remaining at the small of the stock.(Three) Drop the right hand by the side.

120. Being at the slope: I. Order, 2. ARMs.Press the butt down quickly with the lefthand, grasp the piece at the small of the stockwith the right hand and take the position ofbort arms. (Two) Same as the first motion fromthe port to the order. (Three) Same as the second motion from the port to the order.

121. Being at the shoulder: 1. Slope, 2. Plate 21. Art. 119.ARMS. Slope arms.

Press the butt down quickly with the right hand and bringthe piece to the position of port arms. The second and thirdmotions are the same as from the order to the slope.

122. Being at the slope: I. Shoulder, 2. ARMs.Press the butt down quickly with the left hand, and bring thepiece to the position of port arms. The second and third motions are the same as from the order to the shoulder.

123. Being at the shoulder: I. Present, 2. ARMs.Press the butt down quickly with the right hand and throwhe piece diagonally across the body, taking the position ofport arms. (Two) Carry the piece to a vertical position in

33

34 THE MANUAL of ARMs. s

front of the center of the body, barrel to the rear, and take theposition of present arms.

124. Being at the present: I. Shoulder, 2. ARMS.Take the position of port arms. The second and third motionsare the same as from the order to the shoulder.

125. Being at the shoulder: I. Port, 2. ARMs.Press the butt down quickly with the right hand and throwthe piece diagonally across the body, grasp it with the lefhand at the balance, and change the right hand to the small o

the stock, and take the position of port arms.126. Being at the port: I. Shoulder, 2. ARMs.Same as from the present to the shoulder; two motions.

127. Being at the slope: I. Present, 2. ARMs.Press the butt down quickly with the left hand, grasp thesmall of the stock with the right hand, change the left hand tothe balance and take the position of port arms. (Two) Carr,

the piece to a vertical position in front of the center of thibody, barrel to the rear, and take the position of present arms

128. Being at the present: 1. Slope, 2. ARMs.Take the position of port arms. Second and third motionsthe same as from the order to the slope.

129. Being at the slope: 1. Port, 2. ARMs.Press the butt down quickly with the left hand, grasp the

small of the stock with the right hand, changthe left hand to the balance and take the posi.

tion of port arms.130. Being at the port: 1. Slope, 2. ARMs.

Same as from the present to the slope; twomotions.

131. Being at the order: I. Parade, 2. RESTCarry the right foot six inches straight tothe rear, left knee slightly bent, carry the muz

zle in front of the center of the body, barreto the left, grasp the piece with the left hanjust below the sight, and place the right han

below and against the left.132. Being at parade rest: 1. Squad, 2. ATTENTION.

Resume the order, dropping the left hand b.Plate 22., Art, 121. the Side.

Parade rest. 133. Being at the order: I. Fiv, 2. BAYONE

Transfer the piece to the left side, and take a position simila

34

THE MANUAL of ARMs. - 35

so the order; grasp the handle of the bayonet with the rightmand, back of the hand out, and at the same time press the leftforearm against the scabbard in order to steady it; draw thebayonet from the scabbard and fix it on the barrel, glancing at

the muzzle; resume the order, and drop the left hand by theside.

134. Being at the order: I. Unfix, 2. BAYONET.Transfer the piece to the left side, and take a position similar to the order; press the spring

with the thumb of the left hand, then raise thebayonet with the right hand until the handle is

well clear of the muzzle, slipping the left handdown; drop the point to the left and rear, back ofthe hand out, and, glancing at the scabbard, re

turn the bayonet, the blade passing between theleft arm and body; resume the order, and drop theleft hand by the side.

135. Being at the order, bayonet fixed: I.Charge, 2. BAYONET.

Half face to the right, carrying the right heelsix inches to the rear and three inches to the rightof the left heel, at the same time raise the piece - #

with the right hand, inclining the barrel to the Plate 23. Art. 134.front, grasp it with the left at the balance, back "****of hand down, thumb clasping piece, elbow against the body,grasp the small of the stock with the right hand and bring the

point of the bayonet to the height of the chin, right hand supporting the stock firmly against the front of right hip, the body

inclining slightly forward.136. Being at charge bayonet: I. Order, 2. ARMS.

Face to the front, at the same time let go the piece with theright hand and lower it to the right side with left hand, regrasp it with the right just above the lower band, back of handto the right, and lower the piece, bringing the butt about three

inches from the ground and hand near the thigh; steady thepiece in this position with the left hand above the right, fingers

extended and joined, forearm and wrist straight and inclineddownward. (Two) Lower the piece gently to the ground withthe right hand, drop the left by the side, and take the position

of the order.137. Being at the port, bayonet fixed: 1. Charge, 2. BAYONET.

35

36 THE MANUAL of ARMs.

(I.) Half face to the right, carrying the right heel six inches to the

* >" rear and three inches to the right2 of the left heel, and at the same

time bring the piece to the position of charge bayonet.

(2.) The charge bayonet is similarly taken from the present.

138. Being at charge bayonet:I. Port, 2. ARMs.

(I.) Face to the front, and at thesame time take the position of port(11771.S.

(2.) The present is similarly takenfrom the charge bayonet. -- 139. Being at the shoulder: 1.Plate 24. Art. 135. Charge bayonet. Charge, 2. BAYoNET.

(1.) Press the butt down quickly with the right hand andthrow the piece diagonally across the body, grasp it with the

left hand as in port arms, and change the right hand to the smallof the stock. (Two) Half face to the right, carrying the right

heel six inches to the rear and three inches to the right of theleft heel, and at the same time bring the piece down to theright side and take the position of charge bayonet.

(2.) The charge bayonet is similarly taken from the slope.140. Being at charge bayonet: I. Shoulder, 2. ARMS.(I.) Face to the front, and at the same time take the positionof port arms. Second and third motions the same as the firstand second motions from the port to the shoulder.

(2.) The slope is similarly taken from the charge bayonet.141. Being at the shoulder: I. Rifle, 2. SALUTE.(1.) Carry the left hand smartly to the small of the stock, forearm horizontal, palm of the hand down, thumb and fingers ex

tended and joined, forefinger against the piece. (Two) Dropthe left hand by the side.

(2.) The first motion of the salute is made six paces beforepassing the officer, holding the hand at the small of the stockuntil the salute is acknowledged or the officer passed.

142. Being at the order: I. Rifle, 2. SALUTE.Carry the left hand smartly to the right side, forearm horizontal, or nearly so, palm of the hand down, thumb and fingers

36

4THE MANUAL OF ARMs. 37

extended and joined, forefinger against muzzle of piece. (Two)

Drop the left hand by the side.143. Being at the order: 1. Stack, 2. ARMs.

- (I.) At the first command, eacheven number of the front rank

raises his piece with the righthand, grasps it with the left at theupper band, and rests the butt be

tween his feet, barrel to the front,

muzzle inclining slightly to thefront and opposite the center of

the interval on his right, thethumb and forefinger raising the

stacking swivel; each even number

of the rear rank then passes hispiece, barrel to the rear, to his fileleader, who grasps it between the

38 THE MANUAL OF ARMs.

(6.) The instructor may then rest or dismiss the squad, leaving the arms stacked.

(7.) On assembling, the men take their places in rear of thestacks.

144. Arms being stacked: 1. Take, 2. ARMs.(I.) At the first command, the loose pieces are returned bythe even numbers; each even number of the front rank thengrasps his own piece with the left hand, the piece of his rear

rank man with his right hand, grasping both between the bands;each odd number of the front rank grasps his piece in the sameway with the right hand.

(2.) At the second command, each odd number of the frontrank disengages his own piece by raising the butt from theground and then turning the piece to the right, detaching thepiece from the stack; each even number of the front rank dis

engages and detaches his piece by turning it to the left, andthen passes the piece of his rear-rank man to him, and all resume the order.

(3.) Unless care is taken by the odd number to hold and placethe butt of his piece in front of the line of the toes, there isdanger that the front sight will be caught and bent by the pieceof the even number on turning the piece to make or break the

stack.

(4.) Should any four have numbers two and three blank files,number one rear rank will take the place of number two rear

rank in making and breaking the stack; the stacks made orbroken, he resumes his post.

145. (I.) Being in single rank, arms are stacked and taken onthe same principles as in the double rank. At the preparatory

command, number three steps back and covers number two;numbers two and three execute what has been explained for theeven numbers of the front and rear ranks, respectively; numberthree then resumes his place; number one uses his piece as ex

plained for the odd numbers of the front rank. The piece ofnumber four is passed as explained for the odd numbers of the

rear rank.

(2.) Like precaution as in double rank should be used in mak-ing and breaking stacks to avoid injury to the sights.

146. The following positions of the piece are intended mainlyfor use in extended order and route marches. Whenever the

commands for any of these are given, the piece will be shiftedin the most convenient manner.

38

THE MANUAL OF ARMs. 39

147. Being in any position: 1. Trail, 2. ARMs.(I.) The piece is grasped by the right hand just above thebalance, right arm slightly bent, barrel up, muzzle inclined

slightly to the front.(2.) When it can be done without danger or inconvenience toothers, as on the firing-line, the piece may be grasped at thebalance and the muzzle lowered until the piece is horizontal; a

similar position in the left hand may be used in like cases.

*~~Plate 27. Art. 147. Plate 28. Art. 149. Plate 29. Art. 150.

Trail arms. Sling arms. Secure arms.

148. Previous to slinging arms, which will habitually be doneat a halt, the strap will be released from the stacking swivel and

also from the catch at the upper end of the guard, and shiftedto the swivel at the lower band and to the catch on the butt, by

resting the butt of the piece upon the left leg above the knee,knee slightly bent, toe of the left foot resting on the ground,heel raised, barrel turned slightly to the left, grasping the piecewith the left hand at the balance; with the right hand loosenthe strap and release it from the stacking swivel, then press the

spring of the catch with the forefinger or thumb as the catchhappens to be on the right or left, releasing the lower end ofthe strap and shift it to the catch on the butt. The strap is nowin condition for slinging arms.

149. Being in any position: 1. Sling, 2. ARMs. .. icle(1) Adjust the strap as explained in the preceding *

39

40 THE MANUAL OF ARMs.

then pass the right arm between the rifle and strap, the latterresting upon the shoulder, piece in rear of the shoulder, muzzledown, and barrel to the rear; right hand steadying the piece, and

resume attention.

(2.) On route marches, the piece may be slung on eithershoulder.

(3.) The strap should never be so tightly drawn as to preventits being readily adjusted or shifted.

(4.) The piece being slung, any position in the manual ofarms may be taken by command. At the second command, re

move the right arm from the sling and bring the piece to thefront as before explained, butt resting on the left leg above theknee, and reverse the movements for lowering the strap, bringing

it back to its normal place; then take the position designated.150. Being in any position: I. Secure, 2. ARMs.(I.) The piece is held in the right hand at the balance, barreldown, sloping downward and to the front; right hand supportedagainst the front of the right hip, upper arm against the stock

with the port well under the arm.(2.) A corresponding position in the left hand may be used.

151. Being at the trail, secure, or arms being slung, the piecemay be brought to any position by command.

Positions Kneeling and Lying Down.152. The movements of kneeling, lying down, and rising arefirst taught without arms; they are executed as with arms, ex

cept that in the position kneeling the right hand rests on theright thigh, and in moving to and from the ly

ing position the right hand is placed on theground; in the position lying down, the fore

arms are against each other on the ground,left arm in front.

153. Being at the order: KNEEL.(1.) Each front-rank man half faces to theright, carrying the right foot so that the toe

shall be about ten inches to the rear and ten

inches to the left of the left heel; kneel on

right knee, bending the left, left toe slightlyinclined to the right, right leg pointing di

rectly to the right; place left forearm across- left thigh, hand hanging naturally; the piece

Plate 30. Art. 153, remains in the position of the order, rightOrder kneeling. hand grasping it above the balance.

40

THE MANUAL of ARMS. 41

(2.) Each rear-rank man takes a side step to the right, andthen kneels as prescribed for the front rank.

154. Being at the order, kneeling: RISE.Rise and take the position of the order; the rear-rank mencovering their file-leaders.

155. Being at the order, kneeling: LIE Down.(I.) Each frontrank man places the

right knee againstthe left heel. (Two)

Draw back the left

foot and place theknee on the ground;place the left hand

well forward on the ground and lie flat on the belly, thus inclining the body about thirty-five degrees to the right; the piece islowered at the same time with the right hand, toe resting on the

ground, barrel up, muzzle off the ground, left hand at the balance, left elbow on the ground, right hand at the small of the

stock, opposite the neck.(2.) The rear-rank men move back thirty-six inches in themost convenient manner without rising, and lie down as prescribed for the front rank.

156. Being in the position lying down: RISE.Place the left hand on the ground and raise the body on theknees; draw up and place the left foot by the side of the right

knee; raise and place the piece in the position of the orderkneeling. (Two) Rise and take the position of the order; therear-rank men close to facing distance on their file-leaders.

157. Being at the order: LIE Down.(I.) Each front-rank man takes the position of the orderkneeling, except that the right knee is placed against the left heel.(Tzvo) Draw back the left foot and place the knee on theground; place the left hand well forward on the ground and lieflat on the belly, thus inclining the body about thirty-five de

grees to the right; the piece is lowered at the same time withthe right hand, toe resting on the ground, barrel up, muzzleoff the ground, left hand at the balance, left elbow on the

ground, right hand at the small of the stock, opposite the neck.(2.) The rear-rank men step back thirty-six inches and ligdown as prescribed for the front rank. |

158. Being in the position lying down: KNEEL.

4 I

42 THE MANUAL OF ARMS.

Place the left hand on the ground and raise the body on thknees; draw up and place the left foot by the side of the righknee, raise and place the piece in the position of the order kneel

ing; the rear-rank men take the position of the order kneelin,and then move forward thirty-six inches in the most convenienmanner without rising.

To Load.

159. The recruits are at first taught to load and fire withoutusing cartridges; after a few lessons they should use dummy

cartridges, and when well instructed, the drill may close with afew rounds of blank cartridges.

160. No cartridges will be used, except when indicated bythe words with dummy (blank or ball) cartridge, preceding the

command LOAD. This rule is general.161. Being in line, standing at the order: I. Squad, 2. LOAD.(I.) At the command LOAD, each rear-rank man steps offobliquely to the right with the left foot, planting the toe

opposite the middle of the interval to his right and in line withthe left heel of his front-rank man; the front-rank men half face

to the right; both ranks then carry the right heel six inches tothe rear and three inches to the right of the left heel, feet nearly

at right angles, and at the same time raise the piece with theright hand and drop it into the left at the balance, muzzle at the

height of the chin, left elbow againstthe body, small of the stock at the

waist, right hand grasping the smallof the stock. (Two) Look towardthe chamber, grasp the handle of thebolt with the thumb and fingers of

the right hand, turn it upward anddraw the bolt back, thus opening thechamber (slip the cartridge box, ifworn, to the right hip and open),

take a cartridge between the thumband first two fingers and place it inthe receiver, regrasp the handle of

bolt with right hand, push the boltforward and turn the handle down,

thus closing the chamber; cast the=~ eyes to the front, carry the rightPlate 32. Art. 161. ReadW. hand to the small of the stock. This

42

THE MANUAL OF ARMS. 43

position is designated for reference as that of load; the piece is at theready, being loaded and the safety lock turned to the left.

(2.) If kneeling the position of the piece is similarthe leftforearm rests on the left thigh, the left hand grasping the pieceat the balance and the muzzle is at the height of the chin.

(3.) If lying down the left hand steadies the piece at thebalance, the toe of the butt resting on the ground, the muzzle offthe ground.

(4.) When lying down in double rank the rear-rank men donot load.

(5.) The piece being in the position of load and locked, thatis with the safety lock turned to the right, is brought to the

ready by the commands: I. Squad, 2. READY.At the second command turn the safety lock to the left withshe thumb and forefinger of the right hand, and return the

hand to the small of the stock.

162. Being in any position, pieces loaded: I. Draw, 2.CARTRIDGE.

Take the position of load, turn the cut-off fully down, if notalready there, open the chamber gently to avoid complete ejecion of the cartridge from the receiver, take and return cartridgeto box or belt, close chamber, pull trigger, and carry the righthand to small of stock.

163. Pieces, loaded, and being in the position of load or atthe ready, to order arms: I. Lock,2. PIECES; 3. Order, 4. ARMS.

(1.) At the command pieces,surn the safety lock fully to the

right; at the command arms,ake the position of order arms,the front-rank men similarly as

rom charge bayonet; the rearrank men raise the muzzles

if their pieces (to clear theront-rank men), step back and'over their file leaders, at theame time bringing the piece to

he position of order arms.(2.) If kneeling, both ranksake the order kneeling. Plate 88. Art. 164. Aim.

43

44 THE MANUAL OF ARMS.

(3.) If sights are raised (par. 170) they should be laid downat the first command.

(4.) Cartridge boxes, if used, are closed after executing thorder, order kneeling, position lying down, or cease firing (par.

177).164. Being at the ready: AIM.(I.) Raise the piece with both hands and support the butfirmly against the hollow of the right shoulder, right thumbextended across the stock inclined forward and diagonally tothe left, barrel horizontal; slip the left hand back to the guard

fingers closed on the magazine, left elbow resting against th:body, and as far to the right as it can be placed with ease, righelbow as high as the shoulder; incline the head slightly forwarand a little to the right, cheek against the stock, left eye closed

right eye looking through the notch of the rear sight so as :perceive the top of the front sight; second joint of forefinge:resting lightly against the front of the trigger, but not:

(2.) Each rear-rank man aims through the interval at tright of his file leader, and inclines slightly forward, to advancethe muzzle of his piece beyond the front rank.

(3.) When lying down in double rank, the rear-rank men dinot aim nor fire.

165. (I.) In aiming kneeling, the left elbow rests on the le:knee, point of elbow in front of kneecap.

(2.) In aiming lying down, raise the piece with both handand slip it through the left to the trigger guard; rest on bo

elbows and press the butt firmly against the right shoulder.166. FIRE.

Press the finger against the trigger; fire without derangingthe aim, and without lowering or turning the piece.

167. LOAD.

Lower the piece to the position of load, and load.168. (I.) The exercise is continued by the commands: 1Squad, 2. AlM, 3. FIRE, 4. LOAD.

(2.) If the instructor does not wish the pieces to be reloadedafter firing, in place of the command LOAD he commands

I. Order, 2. ARMs.(3.) At the command Order, bring the piece to the position oload, turn the cut-off down if not already there, eject the empt]

shell by drawing the bolt back smartly, close the chamber, pulthe trigger, lower the sight leaf, if raised, and carry the righ

44

THE MANUAL OF ARMS. 45

hand to the small of the stock; at the command Arms take theposition of order arms, the front-rank men similarly as fromcharge bayonet; the rear-rank men raise the muzzle of their

pieces (to clear the front-rank men) step back and cover theirfile leaders, at the same time bringing the piece to the position

of order arms.

(4.) If kneeling, both ranks take the order kneeling.169. (I.) To accustom the recruits in the position of aim, toawait the command FIRE: I. Recover, 2. ARMS.

(2.) At the command recover, withdraw the finger from thetrigger; at the command ARMS, take the position of load, the

piece being retained at the ready.(3.) In recovering arms when kneeling or lying down, thepiece is brought to the position for loading kneeling, or lying

down, respectively.170. (I.) When the recruits arethoroughly instructed in the adjustments of the sight and the principlesof aiming, they will be required to aim,

using the graduations of the rear sightcorresponding to the distance indi

cated. For this purpose the instructorcommands: I. At (so many) yards,2. Squad, 3. AIM.

(2.) At the first command, bothranks take the position of load and

idjust the sight with the right hand.(3.) The instructor assures himselfy careful inspection that each man

ets his sight at the range indicated;when satisfied that the subject is fully

!omprehended, he will exercise themen in aiming at a designated object.'or this purpose he commands: 1.

At that tree (or At. . . . . . . . ), 2. At (somany) yards, 3. Squad, 4. AIM.

(4.) At the first command, bothanks take the position of load and

x the eyes on the object indicated;t the second command adjust theight and immediately fix the eyes

Plate 84. Art. 170 (2.)Adjusting the sight.

Note.Steady the piece withpressure of the right arm against

the stock. Raise the sight at anangle of about 45, and with themb of the ieft hand, and thethumb and forefinger ofthe righthand, place the sliding leaf at the

proper mark. Then, raise #sight to a vertical position or yit down, according to the range.

45

46 THE MANUAL OF ARMS.

upon the object again. The distance announced in the command should be, as nearly as possible, the true distance of the

object indicated.(5.) The men should be practiced in aiming at objects aboveand below them.

To Fill the Magazine.171. FILL MAGAZINE. |

(I.) Take the position of load, if not already there, open thegate of the magazine with the right thumb, take five cartridgesfrom the box or belt, and place them, with the bullets to the

front, in the magazine, turning the barrel slightly to the left tofacilitate the insertion of the cartridges; close the gate, and carrythe right hand to the small of the stock.

(2.) To load from the magazine the command From magacine will be given preceding that of LOAD ''; the cut-off will

be turned up on coming to the position of load.(3.) To resume loading from the belt the command FromBelt will be given preceding the command LOAD ''; the cut-offwill be turned down on coming to the position of load.

(4.) The commands from magazine and from belt, indicatingthe change in the manner of loading will not be repeated in

subsequent commands. The words from belt apply to cartridg:box as well as belt.

(5.) In loading from the magazine care should be taken topush the bolt fully forward and turn the handle down beforedrawing the bolt back, as otherwise the extractor will not catchthe cartridge in the chamber, and jamming will occur with thecartridge following.

To Empty the Magazine.

172. I. Empty, 2. MAGAZINE.(I.) Take the position of load, turn the cut-off fully up if noalready there, and alternately open gently and close the chambeuntil all the cartridges are removed; then return cartridges t

box or belt, pull the trigger, and turn the cut-off down.(2.) Being at order arms: I. Open, 2. BoxES.

Steady the piece by grasping it with the left hand just belowthe stacking swivel, forearm against the body; open the bo

with the right hand and resume the order.In a similar manner each man, as his box is inspected, closeit and resumes the order. |

46

THE MANUAL OF ARMs. 47

173. Being at order arms: 1. Inspection, 2. ARMs.(1) At the command ARMs, bayonets are fixed and cartridgeboxes opened.

(2.) Each man, as the inspector approaches him, executes portarms, open chamber and magazine, and then embraces the buttwith the right hand, heel between the first two fingers, thumband finger closed on the stock.

(3.) The inspector takes the piece with the right hand, grasping it just below the lower band, back of hand down (the mandropping the hands by the side), inspects it, and hands it backin the position in which received. The man receives it with theleft hand at the balance, closes chamber and gate of magazine

if open, pulls the trigger, resumes port arms, comes to orderarms, and unfixes bayonet.

(4.) As the inspector returns the piece the next man executesinspection arms, and so on through the squad. Should the pieceDe inspected without handling, the man closes chamber andgate of magazine, pulls the trigger, grasps the piece with the

right hand at the small of the stock, comes to order arms, and1nfixes bayonet, when the inspector passes to the next man,

who immediately executes inspection arms.(5.) The inspection of the arms begins on the right, afterwhich the inspector may pass in rear and inspect boxes from

eft to right.Boxes are closed as soon as inspected.

FIRINGS.

174. (I.) The post of the instructor is three paces in rear ofhe squad, but in actual firing he places himself where he canrest make himself heard and at the same time observe the effect

if the fire; the objective should be in plain view and so desiglated as to be easily distinguished by all.

(2.) After exercises in firing, before dismissing the squad orassing to other instruction, inspection will be made to insurehat no cartridge is left in chamber or magazine.

(3.) The commands for firing are the same whether the squade standing, kneeling, or lying down. The commands for kneel1g or lying down precede the commands for firing.

(4.) At the first preparatory command for firing, the squadeing in line standing, both ranks take the position of load as-escribed in paragraph 161, and the cartridge box, if#'ipped to the hip and opened; at the command indicating the

...i. 47

48 THE MANUAL OF ARMS.

distance, the sights are adjusted; the cartridge box is closedand replaced after executing cease firing (par. 177).

Wolley Firing.175. (I.) The squad being in line fronting the object to befired upon, pieces loaded (and locked): 1. Fire by squad, 2. At(such an object), 3. At (so many) yards, 4. Squad, 5. READY,6. AIM, 7. FIRE, 8. LOAD. - -

(2.) To fire another volley at the same object, but with a newline of sight: I. At (so many) yards, 2. Squad, 3. AIM, 4. FIRE,5. LOAD.

(3.) To fire another volley at a new object: 1. At (such anobject), 2. At (so many) yards, 3. Squad, 4 AIM, 5. FIRE, 6. LoAD

176. (1.) The object and range will be indicated in the preparatory commands for all kinds of fire, as illustrated in thpreceding examples.

(2.) If the object be at a considerable angle to the front othe squad, the instructor will change the front of the squad sqas to face the object.

(3.) The commands are given at sufficient intervals to allowthem to be executed as Drescribed. The command fire is given

when the pieces appear to be steady.These rules are general.

To Cease Firing.177. CEASE FIRING.

(I.) Take the position of load, turn the cut-off down, if noalready there, draw the cartridge, or eject the empty shell by

drawing the bolt back smartly, close the chamber, pull thetrigger, lower the sight leaf, if raised, and take the order, orde

kneeling, or the position lying down, as the case may be. Istanding, the rear-rank men then step back and cover their fil

leaders, taking the order as prescribed in paragraph 163.178. The command (or signal) cease firing is always used tstop the firing of whatever kind, and may be given at any tim

after the first preparatory command for firing, whether the firinhas actually commenced or not.

This rule is general.

T0 Fire at Will.

179. 1. Fire at Will, 2. At (such an object), 3. At (so man;yards, 4 Squad, 5. READY, 6. CoMMENCE FIRING. |

48

THE MANUAL OF ARMS. 49

At the command commence firing each man independently ofthe others takes careful aim at the object, fires, loads, andcontinues the fire as rapidly as is consistent with taking careful

aim at each shot. The men should be taught to load rapidlyand to aim deliberately.

180. I. CEASE FIRING, 2. LOAD.(I.) The firing will stop; at the second command pieces notalready there will be brought to the position of load, and those

not loaded will be loaded.

(2.) This is intended to interrupt the firing, for the purpose ofsteadying the men, to change to another method of firing, or toretain the pieces loaded for the time being, in which latter casethe instructor should direct the pieces to be locked.

(3.) For this purpose, when the loading is finished he commands: I. Lock, 2. PIECES.

Rapid Fire.181. (I.) This fire is employed under usual conditions forranges within which the trajectory is comparatively flat, and

she firing should be very effective. I. Rapid fire, 2, At (such anDbject), 3. At (so many) yards, 4. Squad, 5. READY, 6. CoMMENCE FIRING.

(2.) At the command indicating the distance, if 600 yards oress, the sights will be laid; the firing is executed as the firingit will, but with as great rapidity as will admit of effective aiming

at the object.(3.) If firing at will, to begin rapid fire: I. Rapid fire, 2. CoMTENCE FIRING, when rapid fire is taken up.

(4.) Instruction in the rapid fire should not be given until afterhe fire at will is well executed.

(5.) When the greatest rapidity of fire is desirable, as immeliately before making or when resisting an assault, magazineire is used, and usually in continuation of the rapid fire.

182. (I.) To change from the fire at will, or the rapid fire tomagazine fire: I. Magazine fire, 2. CoMMENCE FIRING. The cut-offs turned fully up at the first command and the firing continued

without interruption, the loading being from the magazine, whichwill not be refilled unless direction has been given therefor.

(2.) In first exercises in magazine fire, loading will be done

om the position of load and after facility is attained in handng from the position of aim. Men found unable after practice5 retain the piece in the position of aim for successive loadings

49

49a THE MANUAL OF ARMs.

and firings with the steadiness necessary will be directed toload from the position of load.

(3.) Whenever magazine fire is used, except in volley firing,after the cartridges in the magazine are exhausted, rapid fire

(loading from the belt) will be taken up without command,unless direction otherwise has been given. ,

(4.) The cut-off is turned down on coming to the position ofload for loading from the belt.

183. (I.) To use magazine fire directly, instead of in continuation of other fire: I. Magazine fire, 2. At (such an object), 3. At

(so many) yards, 4 Squad, 5. READY, 6. CoMMENCE FIRING.(2.) The cut-off is turned fully up at the first command ontaking the position of load, and the firing is executed as the fireat will, the loading being from the magazine.

(3.) To use magazine fire in volley firing: I. Magazine fire,2. Fire by squad, 3. At (such an object), 4. At (so many) yards,5. Squad, 6. READY, 7. AIM, 8. FIRE, 9. LOAD.

The cut-off is turned up at the first command on taking theposition of load.

(4.) To fire further volleys the commands would be as pre

scribed in paragraph 175.

NoTE:-The cut-off should always be turned down, exceptwhen firing from the magazine.

Whether loaded or not, the piece should always be carriedlockedthat is, with the safety lock turned to the right. In view

of this rule, the safety lock (when turned to the right) willalways be turned to the left to unlock the bolt at the commandready, at the second motion of load, in drawing cartridge, inemptying the magazine, and at inspection arms; and it will beturned again to the right to lock the piece before assuming anyother position. |

==="_THE MANUAL of ARMs. 49b

(From page 49a Hand Book.)

184. Owing to heat caused by continuedfiring, the barrel of the piece and metal partsin front of the chamber soon become too

hot for handling. Care should then be exercised to confine handling to the wooden partsand the metal parts in rear of the chamber.

To Unsling and Sling Knapsacks.185. Arms being stacked: 1. Unsling, 2.KNAPSACK.

(I.) At the first command, the front rankmoves back one step to clear the stacks, and

faces about; the rear rank at the same timemoves back four steps; all the men unhook

the right-hand strap.(2.) At the second command, each man removes his knapsack and places it on theground at his feet, flaps up and outward.#g" 186. To sling knapsacks: I. Sling, 2.

nS11ng KnapSacKS.First position. KNAPSACK.

(I.) At the first command, each man takes his knapsack, and,anding erect, holds it by the straps, the flap next to the knees.it the second command, the knapsack is placed on the back,he front rank facing about and stepping up to the stacks, the'ar rank closing to facing distance.

(2.) The word knapsack will be used in the commands for allatterns of packs.

To Dismiss the Squad.187. The instructor commands: 1. Port, 2. ARMs, 3. DISISSED.

When the instruction has progressed to include loading, tosure that no cartridge is left in the chamber or magazine, thestructor commands: 1. Port, 2. ARMs (sees that the cut-off

turned down), 3. OPEN CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 4. CLOSEHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 5. DISMISSED.

After closing the chamber and magazine the trigger is pulled.

5I

50 THE MANUAL of ARMs.

GENERAL RULES.

188. Proficiency in marching and in the manual of arms, having been obtained, the following general rules govern:

I. If at the order, bring the piece to the trail at the instant o'taking up the march, in the absence of any other command.

2. A disengaged hand in double time is held as when withoutarinS.

3. If at the shoulder, slope, trail, or port, bring the piece to theorder on halting; the execution of the order to begin immediatelyafter halting.

4. When the facings, side step, back step, alignments, openand close ranks, taking intervals or distances, and assemblingfrom bayonet exercise, are executed from the order, raise the

piece just clear of the ground, barrel vertical, while in motion,and resume the order on halting.

5. The position of port arms will be used in making the marching salute.

6. The rifle salute is prescribed for individual men with arms,except sentinels who salute by presenting arms. Indoors and on

covered decks, the salute is made from the position of the order,7. If marching, the bayonet is fixed or unfixed in the mostexpeditious and convenient manner, and the piece returned to

the position in which it was when the command to fix or unfixbayonet was given.

8. After exercises in firing, before dismissing the squad of

passing to other instruction, inspection will be made to insurethat no cartridge is left in the chamber.

9. The commands for firing are the same whether the squadbe standing, kneeling, or lying down. The commands for kneeling or lying down precede the commands for firing.

Io. Fall out, Rest, and At ease are executed as without ar.11s,On resuming attention, take the position of the order.

II. In the battle exercises, or whenever circumstances require,the regular positions of the manual of arms and the firings may

be commanded without regard to the previous positions of thepiece; such movements as are not in the manual will be executed

without regard to motions or cadence. It is laid down as aprinciple, that the effective use of the weapon is not to be imbeded by the formalities of drill.

52

SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY.

Posts of 0fficers, Petty Officers, and Field Music.220. (I.) The post of the c. c. is two paces in front of thesenter of the company.

(2.) The post of a C. 0. S. is two paces in rear of the centerDf his section.

(3.) The 1 p. 0. is in the front rank on the right of the first% section; he is the right

2. guide of this section and

*::===P" also of the company.*: (4.) The 2 p. 0 is in the9 & 2 g g g front rank on the left of

* o *g 'd o w - -* a is e * > the second section; he is

Plate 51. Art. 220. Company in line. the left guide of this secion and also of the company.

(5.) The 3 p. 0. is two paces in rear of the left of the first seciDn; he is the left guide of the first section.

(6.) The 4 p. 0. is two paces in rear of the right of the secondsection; he is the right guide of the second section.

(7.) The 5 p. o. is two paces in rear of the middle four of theirst section.

(8.) The 6 p. 0. is two paces in rear of the middle four of thesecond section.

(9.) P. 0s. in excess of six, present for duty with the company,shall be posted as number four of squads, in the front rank.

(Io.) P. 0s. having occasion to change position when thecompany is at the order, will carry their pieces at the trail.

(II) The field music, when not united in the battalion, is inthe line of file-closers, on the right of the chief of the first section, and will conform to all movements of the file-closers. On

he march, when required to play, the position of the field musicis at the head of the column.

(12.) Absent officers and p. os. will be replaced by those nextin rank or grade. - - -

(13.) Officers and p. os, in moving from one position toinother, shall always pass by the shortest line.

53

SCHOOL OF THE CoMPANY. 61

(14.) A p. 0 in command of a company takes post on theright of the front rank when in line, the right guide falling backinto the rear rank, and takes the post of the c. c. when in column