the periodic table...o the periodic table represents all of the known elementsarranged in groups...
TRANSCRIPT
THE PERIODIC TABLETHE PERIODIC TABLE
2º ESO ESONATURAL SCIENCES
Introduction……o The periodic table represents all of the known elements arranged in
groups according to similar properties. groups according to similar properties. o Elements are arranged in the table in order of their atomic number.o Each box contains the symbol, for the element, the name of the element
d i ´ i band it´s atomic number.o The atomic number of the element is the number of protons and the
number of electrons in the atoms of the element. num er of e ectrons n the atoms of the e ement.
¡REMEMBER! ¡REMEMBER!
The periodic table contains all of the fnaturally occuring
and man-made elementselements
Hydrogen is a y gNon-Metal
NON METALS METALS
Most Least Reactive Reactive
Alkaline Earth Metals
Boron Elements
C b O Carbon Elements Nitrogen
Elements
Oxygen Elements
Hydrogen
(Example 1)o Hydrogen is the lightest element and can be used as a lifting agent in
balloons.
p
o Since Hydrogen gas is highly inflammable, it can be dangerous to use.
o This property and others make Hydrogen suitable for use as a fuel.
o The most common use of Hydrogen is in chemical processes and o The most common use of Hydrogen is in chemical processes and reactions.
Alkaline MetalsAlkaline Metals have the following properties in common:oThey have low melting and boiling points compared to most other metalsoThey have low melting and boiling points compared to most other metals.
oThey are very soft and can be cut easily with a knife.y y y
oThey have low densities (lithium, sodium and potassium will float on water)
oThey react quickly with water, producing hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
oTheir hydroxides and oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions oTheir hydroxides and oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions.
Potassium
Alkaline - Expample 2
Propertieso Soft o Soft o Reacts with air o Stored in oilo Stored in oilo Silver in colouro Melting point o Melting point
63.38ºco Boiling point 759ºco Boiling point 759 c
The Transition ElementsThe Transition Metals have the following properties in common:
oThey form coloured compoundsy p
oThey are good conductors of heat and electricity
oThey can be hammered or bent into shape easily
oThey are less reactive than alkali metals such as sodiumy m m
oThey are usually hard and tough
oThey have high densities
oThey have high melting points-but mercury is a liquid at room temperatureoThey have high melting points but mercury is a liquid at room temperature
GoldTransition Elements – Example 3
PropertiesoSoft for a metaloCan be polished to a high shineoResistant to corrosionoGood conductor of electricity oGood conductor of electricity oGood conductor of heatoMelting point 1064.18ºcoMelting point 1064.18 coBoiling point 2856ºc
Halogen Elements The Halogen elements have the following properties in common:oThe halogens have similar properties
oThey all have seven electrons in the outer shell.
oThey all react very vigorously with alkali metals to form salts.
oHalogen means salt giverg g
Chlorine
Halogen Elements – Example 4PropertiesoDiscovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who mistakenly thought it contained oxygen.oObtained from common salt oMelting point 101 5ºCoMelting point -101.5 CoBoiling point -34.04ºC
The Noble Gases
The Noble Gases have the following properties in common:
o The noble gases are quite unreactive
o They have low boiling pointso hey have low bo l ng po nts
o They are gases at room temperature
l ll l o You can also find small amounts of the Noble gases in the atmosphere.
oHelium, neon and argon form no known compounds.
HeliumNoble Gases – Example 5Properties
o Helium has no taste, colour or smell
o The gas is produced in massive stars like the sun where 4 hydrogen atoms fuse together. hydrogen atoms fuse together.
o Melting point -272.2ºC
l ºo Boiling point – 268.93ºC
o 2nd lightest elemenet g
ActivityActivity
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