the path to 5g - telekomunikacije...cpri line rates (cpri version 7.0) options (rates) rate line...
TRANSCRIPT
Neil Hobbs
EMEA Business Development Manager
November 2017
The Path to 5GMarket and Technology drivers…
3GPP standards…
CRAN + SDN + NFV…
Reality or Hype ??
© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 2
EXFO
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Global Performance Monitoring Industry for Network Operators
Fiber-Optic Test Equipment Leadership
Product Line Strategy Leadership Award for C-RAN Testing
EXFO’s Fronthaul Test Kit Scores 4.5/5 in 2016 Lightwave Innovation Reviews Program
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You’re in safe hands as EXFO has over 30 years of experience
FACT: We Live in a Connected WorldThe New Meaning of Mobility…
EVERYONE...
EVERYWHERE & ANYTIME…
…WANTS HIGH-QUALITY CONTENT
AND ON MULTIPLE DEVICES!
3.47DevicesPer Person(2015)
Ima
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Great challenge for MNOs to provide better coverage & capacity
33%
20%16%
8%
9%
14%
Backhaul
Too many consortiums
Backwards compatibility
Security
Future proofing
Performance targets
Source: Light Reading
What are the
biggest
challenges in
implementing a
5G network ??
‟Without automation in both network and processes, service providers won’t be
able to deliver services at the cost point that customers need.
Amy WheelusAT&T—VP, Cloud and Domain 2.0 Platform Integration
$1.6MRevenue generated
per employee
(17,000 (+contractors))
$0.3MRevenue generated
per employee
(220,000 (+contractors))
Automation Agility Profitability
MobileFiber Ethernet Smarterinsights
NetworkTransformations
© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 9
5G - a new kind of a network
© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Enhanced mobile broadband– Multi-Gbit/s data rate
– Extreme capacity
– Uniformity
– Deep awareness
Mission critical services
– Ultra-low latency
– High reliability
– High availability
– Strong security
Massive Internet of Things
– Low cost
– Ultra-low energy
– Deep coverage
– High density
Extreme scalability + increase efficiency across all dimensions
One Network for Multiple Industries
Mobile RAN Evolution – The move to Fiber and C-RAN
10
Mobile RAN Evolution – USA & Asia is leading the way!
11
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 12
Building Blocks of a Mobile Network
Radio Access
Mobile Core
Network
Multimedia Services
RANUTRANE-UTRAN
All3G
4G/LTE
3G+4G
“The Core”CS/PS core EPC
IMSMSUEDeviceSensor (IoT)
Internet
PSTN and/or
VoIP
CloudPublic & Private
CDNSingle-RAN
Today’s Wireless Network Reality
How to Distribute
Multiple Antennas
at Lower Cost -
Fiber
Cell
Tower
RRH
(Rooftop)FTTA
and RRH
Small Cells
Outdoor DAS
DAS
Headend
DAS
Headend
Mobile
Backhaul
Remote
Unit
Remote
Unit
In-Building
DAS
FIBER
Ethernet
Mobile
Backhaul
CPRI
Metro Core
Network
Mobile
Backhaul
Mobile
Backhaul
Rapid Changing Mobile World
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 14
Network Quality Expectations
typical Fronthaul requirements
Maximum BER 10-12
Jitter CPRI specs < ± 2 ppb
Latency Round trip timeLTE < 250 μsLTE-A ~ 190 μs
X2-Delay in Joint-Transmission CoMPJT-CoMP < 5ms
Latency Asymmetry+/- 16 ns
Frequency accuracy +/- 2 ppbTime & phase synchronization is required for LTE Advanced; A phase accuracy requirement budget will be allocated to the CPRI link
Optical Power Budget 15-20 dB
Symmetric bit rate
Examples:LTE / 150Mbps DL : CPRI3 2457.6 Mbit/sLTE-A / 300Mbps DL : CPRI5 4915.2 Mbit/sLTE-A / 600Mbps DL : CPRI7 9830.4 Mbit/s
5G - Roadmap
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 16
© Nokia
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 17
About the RAN Fronthaul…
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 18
Frequencies and Bit Rates
UE Antenna BBU EPC
FronthaulRadio Backhaul
User Plane throughput = 150Mb/s
Base Band RF = 2.4 Gb/s
Carrier Freq. = 1.8 GHz
Carrier Band = 20MHz
RRH
x16
(Example with LTE 2x2 MIMO 20MHz band)
UEUEUE
CPRI / OBSAI IP
CPRI RATES AND EVOLUTION
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 19Also, CPRI option 9 (12.165 Gbps) and option 10 (24.330 Gbps) are standardized.
CPRI Line Rates (CPRI Version 7.0)
Options(Rates)
Rate Line CodingProtocol Version
(Scrambling)
1 614.4 Mbit/s
8B/10B
Version 1: No Scrambling
2 1228.8 Mbit/s
3 2457.6 Mbit/s
4 3072.0 Mbit/s
5 4915.2 Mbit/sVersion 1: No ScramblingVersion 2: Scrambling
Scrambling Recommended
6 6144.0 Mbit/s
7 9830.4 Mbit/s
7A 8110.08 Mbit/s
64B/66B Version 2: Scrambling
8 10137.6 Mbit/s
9 12165.12 Mbit/s
10 24330.24 Mbit/s
+50% vs Option 7
+25% vs Option 7
+300% vs Option 7
In data networking and transmission, 64b/66b
is a line code that transforms 64-bit data to 66-bit line code to provide enough state
changes to allow reasonable clock
recovery and facilitate alignment of the data stream at the receiver
Evolution
FTTA, CRAN,Cloud-RAN(on the road to 5G)
© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 21
FTTA : Fiber To The Antenna Fronthaul
CellSite
RouterCSR
NID
BaseBandUnit
RadioRF
Amp
RadioRF
Amp
RadioRF
Amp
RRHs
Typical architecture for 4G / LTE cellular deployments
Optical Fiber cables
Copper / Coax Cables
Antennas
AntRadi
oRadi
o AntRadi
oRadi
o RFAmp
Radio Ant
Cell Site Cabinet = BBU Hotel
MPLS EPC
BACKHAUL
Fronthaul
acronyms:
RRU RRH
DU BBU
DU pool = BBU Hotel
CPRI
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 22
FTTA is the new RAN Foundation
CPRI link-rate explosion
3 Gbps data service 48 Gbps CPRI (4x4 MIMO in 200MHz band @ 28GHz considered for 5G)
Make sure the foundation is good before building up
What you deploy should be ready for future requirements
Upgrade to CRAN (driven by CoMP)
Upgrade of the Optical Transport Network
Higher CPRI rates
Higher QoE requirements
So, pay attention to FTTA first
Verify the Optical connectors, SFP’s
Validate the Fibers (optical power budget)
Validate the CPRI link (sync, alarms, BER, Latency)
Complexification of radio access– Coordination of radio resources:
multiple carriers, CoMP, small cells, etc.– Challenge of delivering capacity, short latency, high
availability
Reduction of CAPEX and OPEX– Antenna site simplification– Energy consumption gain (>50%)– Improved efficiency of field services
More flexibility of operation– Pool of BBUs in secured place
Road blocks– Availability of optical network up to antenna sites– Which meets the specific requirements of CPRI and
3GPP
More Pressure on RAN CentralizationThis transformation is already happening
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 24
Key requirements:
– Latency (RTT of HARQ messages):
3 ms max. in LTE
– Power budget: target approx. 15–20 dB
– Latency asymmetry (uplink vs. downlink) < 16
ns (3 meters)
Loss challenge:
– Longer distances in C-RAN imply loss; budget
harder to meet
– C-RAN introduces very « lossy » elements like
MUX/DEMUX
– Macro-bends, splices, connectors, …
From FTTA to Centralized RAN
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 25
© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 26
Technology transformation
▪ Cat-M (CAT-M1)*
▪ NB-IoT• Narrow-band
▪ LWA (LTE, WiFi) , LAA (License assisted)
▪ SDN
▪ Carrier aggregation
▪ WiFi offload
▪ D2D
▪ Flat architecture ▪ New radio
▪ Extreme throughput
▪ Extreme latency
▪ Extreme connectivity
▪ Next-gen core
* Please see supporting material
Test Requirements
© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 27
CPRI and 3GPP requirements are made for FTTA
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 28
… harder to meet in a CRAN / CloudRAN architecture
Mobile Architecture EvolutionCentralized Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)
FIP
OTDR
CPRI
Optical-RF
Ethernet
Test domains
Type Desc. Availa-bility
# of Fibers
Dedicated Fibers
1 fiber per CPRI
Quickly High
Passive WDM
ColoredSFP
(CWDM or
DWDM)
Quickly Low(2-4)
Active WDM
OTN based
Short Term
Very Low(1-2)
Active + Passive WDM
CWDM + OTN
Short Term
Low(2-4)
NG-PON2 Synergyw/ FTTH
Long Term
Reuse FTTH
network
Ethernet Fronthaul(eCPRI)
CPRI I/Q encapsul
ated in Ethernet
Long Term
Mediumto high
WirelessFronthaul
Millimeterwaves
(un-licensed)
Very Quick
n/a
BBU Hotel(C.O.)
Optical Network Options
Dispersion
Main Sources of Issues in FTTA Cell Sites
FIBER & CONNECTORS SFPS EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION
› Dirty connectors
› Damaged/scratched connectors
› Connector not well seated in the coupler (Junction box/BBU/RRH)
› Wrong fiber pair matching between RRH & BBU
› Remote-radio-head DOA
› Remote-radio-head malfunction/not syncing
› Antenna malfunction
› Faulty SFPs
› Wrong CPRI data rate
X ?
› Broken fiber connector at the RRH
› Fiber connector not “clicked-in” properly within the SFP
› Faulty SFP at the RRH
› Wrong SFP plugged-in (RRH or BBU), or not matching the opposite SFP
Evolution of the Cell TowerThe Move from Coax to Fiber
Evolution
Fiber – no access to
analog RF signal
Fronthaul:
CPRI Protocol
OpticalRF - RF Spectrum Analysis over CPRI
BBU
Optical Splitter
RRH
DownlinkUplink
Antenna #2Antenna #1
Downlink
Uplink
OpticalRF Dual – Quad AxC – Side by Side Display
Dual / Quad Antenna
display to show
diversity imbalances
Can indicate faulty
antenna or cabling
issue (PIM)
EXFO’s 5-Step ApproachMobile Fronthaul Network Validation
Step 1Connector inspection
Step 2Fiber characterization
Step 3CPRI link validation
Step 4BBU emulation
Step 5RF spectrum analysis
Over CPRI
Step 5RF spectrum analysis
over the air (OTA)
Typical FTTA Construction Application
Multiple test points, Multiple measurements
STEP 1 – Fiber
Connector Inspection
(FIP)
STEP 2 – Fiber Link
Loss / ORL (iOLM)
STEP 3 – CPRI
Master Interface
Emulation
STEP 4 – Digitized
RF Spectrum
Analysis
Deployment & Field Services Challenges
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 36
Reduce field dispatches and
prevent unnecessary tower
climbs
Close the technology gap:
transition from copper / RF to
fiber / CPRI
Speeds up cell-site
deployment / problem
resolution
Validation of the Product Specification + faster turn-up
To keep the project and budget on track
EXFO provides Expertise on Methods & Procedures:
• Connector & Fiber test methods
• Documented Performance (Reporting)
• Centralized management of MOP
Conclusion
© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 37
Conclusions
© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 38
C-RAN being deployed as a roadmap to 5G networks
Centralized RAN is the predominant architecture, but this will evolve over time to cloud RAN
Fronthaul Considerations
• Latency
• Synchronization
• Bandwidth
• Performance
Deployment/Operation Considerations
• Construction
• Testing, measurementand validation
• Service monitoring
• Troubleshooting
Fronthaul Solutions
• CWDM and DWDM fronthaul
• Overlapping fronthaul with backhaul
• Semi-passive fronthaul
• ROADMs - flexible routing
Trusted AdvisorFor Rollout MoP
Workflow ManagementLab, Field, and Operation Test
Based on years of experience with operators
http://www.exfo.com/fronthaul
Thank you!
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