the passive 2012

CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10 Passive Voice Passive Voice

Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Eng-112Eng-112

Pre-Dental Pre-Dental (Batch 2)(Batch 2) Pre-Pharma Pre-Pharma (Batch 2)(Batch 2)

March, 2012March, 2012

BaseBaseVerbVerb

PresenPresent t

SimpleSimplePast Past

Simple Simple Past Past

ParticipleParticipleV3V3

Pres. Pres. ParticipleParticiple

V4V4ing forming form

bebeamamisis

areare

waswaswerewere

hashas

beenbeen

amam

beingbeingisishavehave

arearehadhad waswas

werewere

writewrite writewritewriteswrites wrotewrote

hashas

writtewrittenn

amam

writingwritingisis

havehave areare

hadhad waswaswerewere

stealsteal stealstealstealssteals stolestole

hashas

stolenstolen

amam

stealingstealingisishavehave

areare

hadhad waswaswerewere

FutureFuture

will will bebe

amamgoing to going to bebeisis

are are

will will writewrite

amamgoing to going to writewriteisis

are are will will stealsteal

amamgoing to going to stealstealisis

areare

SubjectSubject ObjectObjectVerbVerb

V3be (by subject)

An Active SentenceAn Active SentenceSubjectSubject ObjectObjectVerbVerb

A Passive SentenceA Passive Sentence((byby Subject Subject))ObjectObject V3V3bebe

Turki

wrote a letter.

by Turki.A letter was written

When we changed the When we changed the sentence:sentence:

by Turki.A letter was writtenWe used ‘was’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’.

WHY?

Turki

wrote a letter.into:

by Turki.A letter was written

We used ‘was’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’ , and it is the simple past tense.

Turki

wrote a letter.

That’s because…..The main verb in the active sentence was in the simple past tense.

BUT which form of verb to be should I use?????????

Base Base FormForm(Bare (Bare

infinitive)infinitive)

Present Present SimpleSimple

Past Past SimpleSimple

V2V2P.P.P.P.V3V3

Pres. P.Pres. P.V4V4

ing-forming-form

bebeamamis is areare

waswaswerewere

hashashavehave

beebeenn

amam

beingbeingisis

arearehadhad waswas

werweree

To use one of the forms of verb to be, we have to meet two conditions:

be

The same tense of the main verb

What agrees with the new

subject( object)

beThe same

tense of the main verb

Tenses Taught in Semester 1:

Present Simple Present Progressive Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive

Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Future Simple

Can you recognize the tense in these sentences?They give us new books at the beginning of every year.

They have been publishing these books for ten years.

They are discussing the new rules at the highest level.

The police caught the thieves last night.

The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses.

Have they cleaned the room yet?

They will interview the potential candidate next week.

They didn't see Mona this morning.

Can you recognize the tense in these sentences?They give us new books at the beginning of every year. Present Simple

They have been publishing these books for ten years. Present Perfect Progressive

They are discussing the new rules at the highest level. Present Progressive

The police caught the thieves last night. Simple Past

The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses. Present Perfect

Have they cleaned the room yet? Present Perfect

They will interview the potential candidate next week. Future Simple

They didn't see Mona this morning. Simple Past Negative

Can you recognize the tense in these sentences?

While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop

yesterday, someone broke the windscreen.

The instructor had notified the students of the new

procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts.

Can you recognize the tense in these sentences?

While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop

yesterday, someone broke the windscreen.

The instructor had notified the students of the new

procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts.

Past progressive

Simple Past

Past Perfect

Simple Past

Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense?

give /gives Present Simple

have been publishing Present Perfect Progressive

are discussing Present Progressive

caught Simple Past

has destroyed Present Perfect

Have ……. cleaned …….? Present Perfect

will interview Future Simple

didn't see Simple Past Negative

(am/is/are) given

(has/ have) been being published

(am/is/are) being discussed

(was/were) caught

(has/have) been destroyed

Have/Has ……. been cleaned ….?

will be interviewed

(wasn’t/weren’t) seen

Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense?

was fixing

broke

had notified

asked

Past progressive

Simple Past

Past Perfect

Simple Past

(was/were) being fixed

(was/were) broken

had been notified

(was/were) asked

The Simple Present

Active Passive

They write / don’t write the science column.

He writes / doesn’t write the science columns.

Do they write the science column?Does he write the science columns?

What do the Dental students write?What does the Pharma student write?

The science column is/ isn’t written by them.

The science columns are/ aren’t written by him.

Is the science column written by them?Are the science columns written by him?

What is written by the Dental students?What is written by the Pharma student?

The Present Progressive

Active Passive

He is fixing the stove.

They aren’t using the main meeting room.

Is the worker painting his condominium?

Are they finalizing their biology project?

Where is he taking the guests?

What are they doing about the new complaints?

The stove is being fixed.

The main meeting room is not being used.

Is his condominium being painted?

Is their biology project being finalized?

Where are the guests being taken?

What is being done about the new complaints?

The Present Perfect

Active Passive

He has broken / hasn’t broken the window.

They have seen / have never seen a UFO in this country before.

Has he (ever) broken the window?

Have they (ever) seen a UFO in this country before?

What has he broken?

What have they seen in this country before?

The window has/hasn’t been broken (by him).

A UFO [has /has never] been seen in this country before.

Has the window (ever) been broken (by him)?

Has a UFO (ever) been seen in this country before?

What has been broken?

What has been seen in this country before?

The Present Perfect Progressive

Active Passive(Rarely used and considered awkward

with this tense)

They have been teaching anatomy and other medical courses in this college since 2007.

Have those kids been torturing that kitten?

What have they been teaching in this college since 2007?

Anatomy and other medical courses have been being taught in this college since 2007.

Has that kitten been being tortured by those kids?

What has been being taught in this college since 2007?

The Simple Past

Active Passive

Jane Austen wrote ‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ in 1811.

No one knew his real name. The police didn’t find their hiding place.

Did they arrange her birthday party?

Where did they send him?

‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ was written by Jane Austen in 1811.

His real name wasn’t known. Their hiding place wasn’t found.

Was her birthday party arranged?

Where was he sent ?

The Past Progressive

Active Passive

He was cleaning the attic when he found his old jacket.

While they were counting the votes, his campaign manager announced his withdrawal.

Were they interviewing him when someone broke into his apartment?

The attic was being cleaned when his old jacket was found.

While the votes were being counted, his withdrawal was announced by his campaign manager.

Was he being interviewed when his apartment was broken into?

Where was it being sent?Where were they sending it?

The Past Perfect

Active Passive

They broke the window after they had hit it with a stone.

Had they completed the housework before they called their friends?

Why had they sent him to Malaysia earlier?

The window was broken after it had been hit with a stone.

Had the housework been completed before their friends were called?

Why had he been sent to Malaysia earlier?

The Future Simple and other Modal Auxiliary Structures

Active PassiveThey will send some warning letters soon.

Ahmad is going to write the art column.

They must obey the rules.

Will they send the warning letters soon?

Is Ahmad going to write the art column?

Do they have to obey the rules?

Can you deliver this envelope tonight?

When will they send the warning letters?What will the Dental students write?

Some warning letters will be sent soon.

The art column is going to be written by Ahmad.

The rules must be obeyed.

Will the warning letters be sent soon?

Is the art column going to be written by Ahmad?

Do the rules have to be obeyed?

Can this envelope be delivered tonight?

When will the warning letters be sent?What will be written by the Dental students?

Ali

takes the pills.

by Ali.The pills taken are

People speak English in many countries.

English is spoken in many countries.

Someone robbed the bank yesterday.

The bank was robbed yesterday.

Our teacher will collect the projects tomorrow.

The projects will be collected tomorrow.

The tailor has made this suit for me.

This suit has been made for me.

Builders had made this house using mud.

This house had been made using mud .

Jill paints the fence once a year.

The fence is painted once a year.

Sue bought a silk dress for her sister’s wedding.

A silk dress was bought by Sue.

The police arrested them yesterday.

They were arrested yesterday.

John and Paul have taken a lot of pictures since they arrived on the island.

A lot of pictures have been taken by John and Paul since they arrived

on the island.

We asked her to help with the housework.

She was asked to help with the housework.

( They produce cars in this factory. )

1. Cars are produced in this factory.

Scientific Process: Manufacturing Cars

( Mechanics have already checked the cars in the blue area. )

2. The cars have already been checked in the blue area.

( Electricians will install air-conditioning in the cars in the red area. )

3. Air-conditioning will be installed in the cars in the red area.

Passive Questions: (Simple Present)

DoesDo

Subject

verb Object ?

AmIsAre

Object Verb 3

(by Subject) ?

Passive Questions: (Simple Past)

Did Subject

verb Object ?

WasWere

Object Verb 3

(by Subject) ?

Passive Questions: (Present Perfect)

HasHave

Subject

V3 object ?

object V3 (by subject) ?

HasHave

been

Passive Questions: (Past Perfect)

Had Subject

Verb 3

Object ?

Object V3 (by Subject) ?

Had been

Passive Questions: (Simple Future: will + stem verb)

Will Subject

verb Object ?

Will Object Verb 3

(by Subject) ?

be

Passive Questions: (Simple Future: be going to + stem verb)

AmIs Are

Subject

verb Object ?

AmIsAre

Object Verb 3 (by Subject) ?

going to

going to be

Change the following into Passive.Change the following into Passive.

1. Did they tell her the story?1. Did they tell her the story?2. What must we do about this?2. What must we do about this?3. What questions did they ask?3. What questions did they ask?

4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet?4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet?5. Where did they park the car?5. Where did they park the car?

6. Will anyone tell him about the accident?6. Will anyone tell him about the accident?7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet? 7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet?

8. Who is cleaning my room?8. Who is cleaning my room?First try to do these transformations yourself. First try to do these transformations yourself.

The answers are on the following slides.The answers are on the following slides.

DidDid they they telltell her the story? her the story?

WasWas she she toldtold the story? the story?

What What mustmust we we dodo about about this?this?

What What mustmust bebe donedone about this? about this?

What questions What questions diddid they they askask??

What questions What questions werewere askedasked??

HasHas anyone anyone changedchanged the the curtains yet?curtains yet?

HaveHave the curtains the curtains beenbeen changedchanged yet? yet?

Where Where diddid they they parkpark the car? the car?

Where Where waswas the car the car parkedparked??

WillWill anyone anyone telltell him about the him about the accident?accident?

WillWill he he bebe toldtold about the accident? about the accident?

HasHas anyone anyone dusteddusted that blackboard that blackboard yet?yet?

HasHas that blackboard that blackboard beenbeen dusteddusted yet? yet?

Who Who isis cleaningcleaning my room? my room?

Who Who isis my room my room beingbeing cleanedcleaned by? by?OROR

Whom Whom isis my room my room beingbeing cleanedcleaned by? by?

SomeoneSomeone wrotewrote this letter. this letter. ( Change into a ( Change into a passive question passive question asking about the asking about the

underlined. )underlined. )

Step 1: Form an Active Question.Step 1: Form an Active Question.

WhoWho wrotewrote this letter? this letter?

Step 2: Change the Active Question into a Passive Step 2: Change the Active Question into a Passive Question.Question.

WhoWho waswas this letter this letter writtenwritten by? by?

Researchers Researchers estimateestimate thatthat 8 million 8 million people in the United States are people in the United States are

suffering from an suffering from an Eating Disorder. Eating Disorder.

It is estimated that It is estimated that 8 million people in 8 million people in the United States are suffering from an the United States are suffering from an

Eating Disorder. Eating Disorder.

Correct the following verbs. (ACTIVE or PASSIVE )Correct the following verbs. (ACTIVE or PASSIVE )

1.1. The window pane (break) _________________.The window pane (break) _________________.2.2. Someone (cook) ___________________ a meal in the kitchen right Someone (cook) ___________________ a meal in the kitchen right

now. now. 3.3. We (ask)___________________ several questions by the police We (ask)___________________ several questions by the police

tonight.tonight.4.4. My cat (run over) ________________ by the milk van.My cat (run over) ________________ by the milk van.5.5. This homework (must do) ___________________ tonight.This homework (must do) ___________________ tonight.6.6. Poems ( write) ________________________________ in every Poems ( write) ________________________________ in every

culture .culture .7.7. People all over the world (know) ___________________ her name. People all over the world (know) ___________________ her name. 8.8. The truck (loot)_____________________________________ when the police arrived.The truck (loot)_____________________________________ when the police arrived. 9.9. The guests (serve) ________________ some tea after they had a The guests (serve) ________________ some tea after they had a

seat. seat. 10.10.The students (do) ____________ these exercises before.The students (do) ____________ these exercises before.

is broken/ was broken

is cooking

were asked / will be asked

was run over

must be done

are written / were written/ have been written

Know/ knew

was being looted/ had already been looted

were served

have done

A. Correct the verb in parentheses.A. Correct the verb in parentheses.B. Then change the sentence into the B. Then change the sentence into the

PASSIVE.PASSIVE.1. Those boys (rear) _____________ these kittens for a long time.1. Those boys (rear) _____________ these kittens for a long time.

2.2. The dog (might, eat) ____________________ your meal.The dog (might, eat) ____________________ your meal.

3.3. The patient (ought to, take) ________________ these pills every day. The patient (ought to, take) ________________ these pills every day.

4.4. A freshman (have to, practice) _____________ English regularly.A freshman (have to, practice) _____________ English regularly.

5.5. Whenever the wind blows, it (slam) ________________ the door.Whenever the wind blows, it (slam) ________________ the door.

6. 6. Someone (have to, test)____________________ you on your English grammar. Someone (have to, test)____________________ you on your English grammar.

have been rearing

Passive: These kittens have been being reared for a long time.

might eat / might have eaten

Passive: Your meal might be eaten /might have been eaten by the dog.

ought to take

Passive: These pills ought to be taken by the patient every day.

has to practice

Passive: English has to be practiced regularly.

slams

Passive: The door is slammed whenever the wind blows.

has to test / had to testPassive: You have to be tested/ had to be tested on your English grammar.

Choose the correct answer

1. Hazel 1. Hazel wonwon the lottery. the lottery.

A. The lottery A. The lottery had been won had been won by Hazel. by Hazel. B. The lottery B. The lottery was won was won by Hazel. by Hazel. C. The lottery C. The lottery is won is won by Hazel.by Hazel.

2. The police 2. The police interrogatedinterrogated Bryan. Bryan.

A. Bryan A. Bryan is interrogatedis interrogated by the police. by the police. B. Bryan B. Bryan was interrogatedwas interrogated by the by the police. police. C. Bryan C. Bryan had been interrogatedhad been interrogated by the by the police.police.

2. The police 2. The police interrogatedinterrogated Bryan. Bryan.

A. Bryan A. Bryan is interrogatedis interrogated by the police. by the police. B. Bryan B. Bryan was interrogatedwas interrogated by the by the police.police. C. Bryan C. Bryan had been interrogatedhad been interrogated by the by the police.police.

3. Abu Malek 3. Abu Malek has paid for has paid for the pizza.the pizza. A. The pizza A. The pizza was paid forwas paid for by Abu Malek. by Abu Malek. B. The pizza B. The pizza has been paid forhas been paid for by Abu by Abu Malek. Malek. C. The pizza C. The pizza is paid foris paid for by Abu Malek. by Abu Malek.

4. Joy 4. Joy will meetwill meet you at the airport. you at the airport. A. You A. You will have metwill have met Joy at the airport. Joy at the airport. B. You B. You would be metwould be met by Joy at the by Joy at the airport. airport. C. You C. You will be metwill be met by Joy at the airport. by Joy at the airport.

5. People highly 5. People highly respectrespect Berna´s Berna´s opinion.opinion.

A. Berna´s opinion A. Berna´s opinion will bewill be highly highly respectedrespected. . B. Berna´s opinion B. Berna´s opinion waswas highly highly respectedrespected. . C. Berna´s opinion C. Berna´s opinion isis highly highly respectedrespected..

6. Amanda 6. Amanda upsetupset me by what she me by what she said.said.

A. I A. I am upsetam upset by what Amanda said. by what Amanda said. B. I B. I was upsetwas upset by what Amanda said. by what Amanda said. C. I C. I would be upsetwould be upset by what Amanda by what Amanda said. said.

7. Charms 7. Charms is going to informis going to inform Brian Brian later.later. A. Brian A. Brian would be informedwould be informed by Charms later. by Charms later. B. Brian B. Brian is going to be informedis going to be informed by Charms later. by Charms later. C. Brian C. Brian was going to be informedwas going to be informed by Charms by Charms later.later.

8. The police 8. The police arrestedarrested 10 rioters last 10 rioters last nightnight.. A. Ten rioters A. Ten rioters were going to be arrestedwere going to be arrested last last night. night. B. Ten rioters B. Ten rioters were arrestedwere arrested last night. last night. C. Ten rioters C. Ten rioters should have been arrestedshould have been arrested last last night.night.

9. The Dean 9. The Dean may visitmay visit us next week. us next week. A. We A. We may be visitedmay be visited by the Dean next week. by the Dean next week. B. We B. We maybe visitedmaybe visited by the Dean next week. by the Dean next week. C. We C. We must be visitedmust be visited by the Dean next week. by the Dean next week.

10. Studying hard 10. Studying hard could have savedcould have saved you.you. A. You A. You could have savedcould have saved by studying hard. by studying hard. B. You B. You could have been savedcould have been saved by studying by studying hard. hard. C. You C. You could be savedcould be saved by studying hard. by studying hard.

As you have noticed, the Passive As you have noticed, the Passive Voice of any tense contains this Voice of any tense contains this

structure: structure: bebe ++ V. 3 V. 3

(Past Participle)(Past Participle) isis brokenbroken will be will be metmet

waswas interrogatedinterrogated . . isis goinggoing toto be be informedinformed couldcould havehave beenbeen savedsaved

waswas beingbeing lootedlootedhadhad beenbeen seenseen

Do you know the past and Do you know the past and Past Past ParticipleParticiple forms of the irregular forms of the irregular

verbs ?verbs ?

You have to know the past and Past Participle forms of the IRREGULAR VERBS by heart.

A REFERENCE LIST Mnemonic Rhyming Groups

Learning can be fun with Mnemonics! When we were kids, rhyming songs and phrases were

some of the gimmicks used to make us remember different things.

I hope sorting these Irregular Verbs into rhyming groups can help you memorize them in a short period

of time. Actually some groups can be memorized in ONLY 10 SECONDS!!! Have a look at Group 3 !!!

Group 1

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

ring rang rungsing sang sungsink sank sunkdrink drank drunkshrink shrank shrunkswim swam swumbegin began begunrun ran run

Group 2


feed fed fedlead led led breed bred bredread read*

(Pronounced as red)read*

(Pronounced as red)sell sold soldtell told told

slide slid slidhold held held

Group 3SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

hit hit hit

fit fit fitspit spit (spat) spit (spat)knit knit /(knitted) knit /(knitted)quit quit quitlet let letset set set

upset upset upset shut shut shutcut cut cutput put putcost cost costhurt hurt hurt burst burst burst

spread spread spreadbroadcast broadcast broadcast

Group 4


buy bought boughtfight fought foughtseek sought soughtthink thought thoughtbring brought broughtteach taught taughtcatch caught caught


bend bent bentsend sent sentlend lent lent spend spent spentbuild built builtsleep slept sleptkeep kept keptcreep crept creptweep wept wept sweep swept sweptleap leapt (leaped) leapt (leaped)

feel felt feltdeal dealt dealt

mean meant meantdream dreamt /(dreamed) dreamt /(dreamed)

meet met metleave left left lose lost lostburn burnt /(burned) burnt /(burned)


hang hung hunghang (to kill ) hanged hanged

dig dug dugshoot shot shotstand stood stood

understand understood understood stick stuck stuckstrike struck struck

sit sat satwin won won make made made

pay paid paidlay laid laidsay said said

light lit / (lighted) lit / (lighted)find found foundfound founded founded


throw threw throwngrow grew grownblow blew blowndraw drew drawn

withdraw withdrew withdrawnfly flew flown

know knew known


dive dived/dove diveddo did donego went gone

hear heard heardhave had had

be ( am , is , are) was, were beencome came come

become became becomeovercome overcame overcome

see saw seensaw sawed sawn /(sawed)mow mowed mown

lie lied liedlie lay lainlay laid laid

Thank You and Good LuckThank You and Good LuckMr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi

Eng-112Eng-112Pre-Dental Batch 2Pre-Dental Batch 2Pre-Pharma Batch 2Pre-Pharma Batch 2

March, 2012March, 2012

the passive 2012

Education