the passenger city - workshop report - werkwoche 2015

TSPA m a k i n g c i t i e s

TSPA

The Passenger CitySpeculations on the Future of Urban Mobility

TSPA m a k i n g c i t i e s

TSPA

The Passenger City was a 3-day workshop at Augsburg’s University of

Applied Sciences, held during its 3rd International Design Week in the

fall of 2015.

From donkey trail to superhighway - how will we move through

our urban environments of the future? A group of undergraduate

communication design, interactive media, and architecture students

speculates about this question and the future of mobility at large.

x

5

table of contents

a short story of the rise and fall of the automobile .......................6

part 1: catalogue of futures ......................31

part 2: projective imaginations .....................77

7

“The curved street is the path of the donkey, the straight street the way of man”

Le Corbusier, 1924, Urbanisme.

Le Corbusier, Plan Voisin, Paris, France, 1925

9

“I tell you straight: a city made for speed is made for success.”

Le Corbusier, 1924, The City of Tomorrow and its Planning.

Juscelino Kubitschek, president of Brazil, 1956-61

11

“Fifty years of progress in five”

The motto of Kubitschek, most famous for the construction of Brasilia, a city scripted in the image of progress and thus the automobile, too.

Brasilia

13

“It’s a stiff drive in from the airport. But then everything in Brasilia is a stiff drive. They [Oscar Niemeyer and Lucio Costa] had an immense amount of space and, by God, they used it. Buildings are hundreds of yards from their neighbors and, even if you wanted to walk somewhere, there are no sidewalks. A terrible mistake.”

John Crosby, 1962, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.

Teenagers in the parking lot of an A&W drive-in, Hutchinson, Kansas, 1959

15

“To Americans at mid-century, the car, perhaps more than any other object, represented freedom—the freedom of the individual.”

Peter Field and Ted McAllister, 2011, The Paradox of Freedom: The Making of Modern America.

New Yersey Turnpike

17

“Increasingly public policy oriented itself toward car drivers. Funds for public transportation plummeted, leading to a decline in ridership and service cuts that accelerated overtime in a feedback loop.”

Thomas J. Sugrue, 2004, From Motor City to Motor Metropolis: How the Automobile Industry Reshaped Urban America.

19

“I think that cars today are almost the exact equivalent of the great Gothic cathedrals: I mean the supreme creation of an era, conceived with passion by unknown artists, and consumed in image if not in usage by a whole population which appropriates them as a purely magical object.”

Roland Barthes, 1957, Mythologies.

21

“In the beginning, the earth was without parking. The planner said, Let there be parking, and there was parking. And the planner saw that it was good. And the planner then said, Let there be off-street parking for each land use, according to its kind. And developers provided off-street parking for each land use according to its kind. And again the planner saw that it was good. And the planner said to cars, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it, and have dominion over every living thing that moves upon the earth. And the planner saw everything he had made, and, behold, it was not good.”

Donald C. Shoup, 2005, The High Cost of Free Parking.

23

“I would sum up my fear about the future in one word: boring. And that’s my one fear: that everything has happened; nothing exciting or new is ever going to happen again… The future is just going to be a vast, conforming suburb of the soul.”

J. G. Ballard, unknown

12-day traffic jam in Beijing, 2010

25

“The car was invented as a convenient place to sit out traffic jams.”

Evan Esar, 1995, 20,000 Quips & Quotes.

Smog in Harbin, 2013

27

“Unless we figure out a very different urban transportation model, it’s not gonna work. If you think we’re gonna shove two cars in every car in garage in Mumbai, you’re crazy.”

Bill Ford, Jr., 2015, CEO and great-grandson of Henry Ford, who founded the company in 1903.

Parking lot on corner of Olympic Boulevard and Olive Street, Los Angeles, 1955

29

“Forget the damned motor car and build cities for lovers and friends!”

Lewis Mumford, 1979, My Works and Days.

31

Part 1: Catalogue of FuturesHow will we move through our urban environments in and of the future? In part 1, students catalogue proposed answers from the past, emergent answers from current societal, technological and environmental trends as well as dystopian answers from science-fiction motion pictures. The following mini-studies show different mobility scenarios/speculations grouped into five categories:

realized futuresThese are once grand and visionary speculations, which manifested themselves into realities that shape our current everyday.

paleo futuresThese are bold ideas about the future, touted as the becoming reality with certainty - yet they never did.

current futuresThese are today’s widespread predictions of what the future might look like. If these become realized or paleo futures one day, only time will tell.

brink futuresThese are recently or not so recently predicted futures, which are starting to become reality today.

urban futures as sociocultural critique of the presentThese are futures painted as extensions and exaggerations of forces that shape our present everyday - as a critical observation and perhaps a warning.

33

Paleo futures

Jonas AnetzbergerStefan Seifert

34

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

Jetpacks, flying carsAs people go by jetpacks and/or flying cars, the city adapts to it. Houses are way higher than they were in the past. There’s some bases, which protrude out of the buildings so you can land there and park your jetpack/flying car. Some of them are “bus-stations”, where you get access to the public transportation system and enter the flying public service vehicle of your choice. You can also just pop in at some drive in-like base to e.g. just quickly catch some food and straight head towards your next destination.

As the traffic doesn’t take place on the ground floor anymore, there’s space for pedestrians and cyclists who can freely stroll around some cafés, parks and so forth without being afraid of getting into a car accident, as non-flying cars were banned out of the city. When you’re on some higher floor and want to get to another building without using a jetpack/flying car/flying public service vehicle, you can just use one of the numerous bridges, which connect the various buildings.

36

Moving sidewalksPeople can use the moving sidewalk to get faster around without using the train or car. For example, it is used to get around the central park of a city. The platform runs constantly in one direction so people can just jump on and off wherever they want.

The moving sidewalks consists of three elevated platforms, the first being stationary, the second moving at a moderate rate of speed, and the third at the rate of about six miles an hour. The moving sidewalks have upright posts with knobbed tops by which one can steady himself in passing to or from the platforms. There are occasional seats on these platforms, and the circuit of the Central Park can be made with rapidity and ease by this contrivance.

Moving sidewalks also afford a good deal of fun, for most of the visitors are unfamiliar with this mode of transit, and are awkward in its use. Nowadays we are using the moving platforms only in airports to get faster to the gates.

1890

1890

1900

1900

1956

now

39

Realized futures

Esther Kute,Julian Schindler

40

Cut throughIn building ever more roads, highways and overpasses cut through residential areas, disrupting social life by blocking views, destroying play areas, increasing pollution, and by generally decreasing quality of life.

42

Tear down“Many freeway systems were overbuilt in an auto-obsessed era, only to realize later that cities are actually healthier, greener and safer without them.”

Alisa Walker, 2014, Gizmodo.

Cities are now tearing down such overpasses or re-purposing them to improve lives around the neighborhood they pass through as exemplified in Seoul, South Korea, below.

44

InterchangeCreating a three-dimensional road networks using overpasses, underpasses and roundabouts at T-junctions in effect enables cars to move through the junction without blocking each other, creating free flowing traffic.

46

Matatu matataMatatus are Kenya’s current public transportation solution. These are privately owned, Graffiti-decorated mini buses and vans. Matatus play loud music and will normally have flat screen televisions playing music videos. Matatus contribute to the vibrant culture of Kenyan towns and cities however they

have become a menace to other road users because they break all road rules; overlapping in traffic, over speeding, double parking, reckless driving, etc., ending up being matatu matata (matata = problem).

48

Radiant citySeparating pedestrian traffic from car traffic increases safety and efficiency since cars are able to move at higher speeds with no pedestrians getting hurt. This reduces fatality/accident rates and anxiety to all road users.

51

Brink futures

Andrés Pascual LacarraClemente Barahona Gomez

Michael Hofinger

52

CyclingBefore cars, bicycles were a common means of transportation. With the advent of the car, however, roads hampered the use of the bicycle. Due to the negative externalities of cars and pressure from organizations, many cities are starting to reinvigorate cycling as a means of commuting.

Advantages

• cheap

• less pollution

• no schedule dependency

• reduced congestion and noise

• healthy, active lifestyle

Example 1: AmsterdamIn Amsterdam, a total of two million kilometers are cycled every day. In fact, the installation of bike parking facilities has not been able to keep pace with the dramatic growth in cycling use. The city of Amsterdam thus aspires to increase the number of cycle storage facilities by 38,000 until 2020.

Example 2: SevillaSevilla was a city of little bike use. For many years, the city saw only 0.5% of all journeys made by bike. The reason this share has increased to 7% today is Manuel Calvo’s ambitious bike lane network.

CYCLINGSECTION - PLAN

53

54

Car sharingCar sharing is a more flexible car rental, where one can rent a car at any hour for any duration of time. It is especially popular for short rentals and occasional use. It started in Switzerland in 1987.

Advantages

• reduces number of cars on the road

• cheaper than owing a car

• reduces emissions

Disadvantages

• potentially hard to find at peak time

• liability issues

• not practical for commuters

Hybrid carsA hybrid car uses more than one motor. It works combining an orthodox petrol or diesel engine and an electric motor. Electric cars ride fully on an electric motor with no emissions.

Advantages

• reduce emissions

• reduced fuel costs

• no idling

Disadvantages

• less powerful

• more costly to acquire

• increased difficulty to repair

CAR SHARINGSECTION - PLAN

55

RAPID TRANSIT (BRT)EXPLANATION

HOW DOES IT WORK?

GO TO THE STATION BUY YOUR

TICKET

DRIVE WITH THE BUS

ADVANTAGES

- FARE PAYMENT AT THE STATION, INSTEAD OF ON THE BUS, ELIMINATES THE DELAY CAUSED BY PASSANGERS WAITING TO PAY ON BOARD

- KEEPS BUSES AWAY FROM THE BUSY CURBSIDE WHERE CARS ARE PARKIUNG.STANDING AND STANDING

- MAKE FOR FASTER TRAVEL AND ENSURE THAT BUSES ARE NEVER DELAYED DUE TO MIXED TRAFFIC CONGESTION

- PROHIBITING TURNS FOR TRAFFIC ACROSS THE BUS LANE REDUCES DELAYS CAUSED TO BUSES BY TURNING TRAFFIC

- LESS AIR POLUTION

WHAT IS BRT?

BUS RAPID TRANSIT IS A HIGH - QUALITY - BASED TRANSIT SYSTEM THAT DELIVERS FAST, COMFORTABLE, AND COST-EFFECTIVESERVICES AT METRO-LEVEL CAPACITIES. IT DOES THIS THROUGH THE PROVISION OF DEDICATED LANES, WITH BUSWAYS AND ICONICSTATIONS TYPICALLY ALIGNED TO THE CENTER OF THE ROAD, OFF-BOARD FARE COLLECTION, AND FAST AND FREQUENT OPERATIONS.

EXAMPLES

QUITO, ECUADOR CURITIBA, BRASILIEN

56

Bus Rapid TransitBus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a high quality transit system that delivers fast, comfortable and cost-effective services at metro-level capacities. It does this through the provision of dedicated lanes with bus ways and iconic stations typically aligned to the center of the road, off-board fare collection and frequent operations.

Advantages

• separation of buses from curb side

• predictable schedule (separate lanes)

• reduced emissions

• fast through fare payment at station

RAPID TRANSIT (BRT)SECTION - PLAN

57

59

Current futures

Robbie OmolRoland Miller

60

Cable carDifferent style of tram/city trains.

Advantages

• space efficient

• high safety

• reducing car use

• improving existing streets

• accessible to everyone

Disadvantages

• car overuse is still possible

• high initial costs

• street aesthetics are compromised

62

Autonomous carTypical streetscape stays alive. The main supporters are car manufacturers and big data companies.

Advantages

• free time while driving

• saver (faster reaction than humans)

• no traffic guidance clutter (signs, etc.)

Disadvantages

• not very energy efficient (person -

vehicle proportion)

• hackability

• only accessible to people that can buy

this car (social division)

64

Train/module car

Advantages

• effective vehicle size

• very flexible (from single to train)

• existing streets used, but narrower

(more room for people/bikes)

• energy efficient

Disadvantages

• loss of individuality

• everyone needs the same car or at

least the same interface

67

Urban futures as sociocultural critique of the present

Lasse LemsterTobias Manuel

68

MotopiaIn 1961 Geoffrey Alan Jellicoe published his work Motopia. In Motopia, cars are separated from pedestrians simply by driving along rooftops. So inhabitants of this city would live within the blocks surrounded by cars on top of the buildings. By this he wanted to: “separate the biological elements from the mechanical” because “no person [should] walk where automobiles move“. He described life in the futuristic city of

Motopia as “living in a park”. Below you will find pictures of this idea and on the right side a section and a plan. The section shows the view from inside of the block and the plan gives an impression of what the structure would look like from above.

70

No Stop CityNo Stop City is an unbuilt project of a group of Italian architects called „Archizoom“. It tries to criticize modern architecture by taking its industrial component, consumerism and modernism to its logical extreme. The scenario implies that in the future quantity will be more important than quality. The city will be a product of mass production based on one type. Endless grids of these repeating types will build the city. Everything is a natural space that can be used, reorganized, programmed and left at any time. Types are for example a parking lot or an empty factory building. Occasionally walls are found in the space. Because of these repeating types, there is no actual split. The space is shared by everybody. But because the space is also separated randomly by walls and furniture not every form of transportation can be used. Pictures and drawings of the project imply

that only small ways of transportation like bicycles and motorcycles can be used. No Stop City is a project by architects but it was never meant to be build. Its purpose was more to criticize the direction of modern architecture.

Its advantage is the total freedom of its citizens. Nobody is forced to stay in one place. The problem is, that if you leave your current spot, you will not find anything new because everything is the same.

72

New Babylon„New Babylon“ is the future scenario of Constant Nieuwenhuys, in which human beings are free of all burdens. The work became fully automated and people started living nomadic life’s. They wander from one leisure environment to another in hope of self-satisfaction and self-fulfillment. Due to the collectively owned land they can go whenever they want, wherever they want.

Nieuwenhuys’ paintings show megastructures build above the ground, this implies the unlimited possibility of technology in future. Furthermore living above the old ground means living above old values. So you can ask your self, which importance speed and time still has in this future scenario.

74

The shared roadIn this concept, the road is shared with several different modes of transportation. It is similar to a concept that is already in use. The big difference is, that they don‘t use the road at the same time. Every form of transportation has their time slot when they can use the road.

The road leaves room for three tram tracks, unlimited people or three lanes of cars. The section plan shows one road at different times. At two o‘clock the road can only used by trams, at three o‘clock by people walking and at four o‘clock by cars.

How much time each form of transportation gets and if they should have the same time or not is debatable.

The idea is an interpretation of something that is in the show „Futurama“.

This idea doesn‘t show new forms of transportation. It only shows a new way of using roads. The advantage of it is, that we would net less roads. Instead of having a sidewalk, tram tracks and a road for cars next to each other, it combines all three into one leaving space for other things. The problem is that people or limited in a way. If they want to walk somewhere but it is the cars turn to use the road, they cant walk.

77

Part 2: Projective ImaginationsThinking freely and taking little for granted, in part 2 the students project and juxtapose their version of an ideal future mobility into Augsburg’s popular Maximilianstraße. The reason for this temporal juxtaposition - future ways of moving are shown in a space of the present - is twofold.

• Familiar surroundings allow for a better distilling of the proposal’s core as well as a

greater comparability of each.

• The juxtaposition’s likely strangeness highlights consequences for urban space.

Section of Maximilianstraße, Augsburg

Time Horizon

Modal Split

Transport/Other

Dependent/Universal

Zone

50

Pedestrians

Bicycle

Tram

TransPod- the TransPod is an electro-magnet transport system- the pods are made available by the city - everbody can use the Transpod- easily to call by using your smartphone- the network system is partly underground and just for short trips on the surface- more space for pedestrians and cyclists on the surface- short trips in the citycenter are reduced- two di�erent kinds of pods, one for a group and one twoseater.- there is a extra delivering network system for shops underground- no use for motorcars anymore

benches

cafés

solar bike lane

transpod lanes

transpod underground

access

free spacee.g. for concerts, farmers markets etc.

78

Jonas Anetzberger, Stefan SeifertTransPod

The TransPod is an electro-magnetic transport system. Everybody can use the Transpod by calling it using a smartphone.The TransPod network system is partly underground and just for short trips on the surface, which grants pedestrians and cyclists more space. Trips in the city center are reduced since long, city-crossing trips are happening underground and at higher

speeds. There are two different kinds of pods, one for a group and one two-seater. Retial and industrial delivery uses its own underground delivery network system. There is no use for motorcars anymore.

80

Tobias ManuelHighway for Cyclists

As resources are limited on this planet, we will face huge problems in future, keeping up our mobility demands. We have to be more flexible and more active but at the same time cities have to be more walkable and more bicycle friendly. By creating such an atmosphere the amount of cars in the inner-city traffic could be drastically reduced while the demand of public transportation and cycling increases. The increasing number of cyclists has to be handled. For example by creating a better

connected bicycle lane system, something like a highway for cyclists. This was once the privilege of the car, but it also makes sense for the bicycle. The speed could be maximized and the traffic could be separated on to a different platform such as in Motopia by Geoffrey Jellicoe.

ROTATION

WHAT IS ROTATION?

IT'S CALLED ROTATION BECAUSE OF THE ROTATION OF PEOPLE USINGTHE SYSTEM OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC TRANSPORT. ANOTHER REASON ISTHE ROTATING OUTER RING WHICH IS TURNING AROUND ITSELF.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

IT HAVE AN AUTOMATIC DRIVING SYSTEM AND USE SOLAR ENERGY FROMSOLAR PANELS ON THE ROOFS OF HOUSES. THE ROAD AND THEEXTERNAL VING USES MAGNET WITH THE SAME POLE AND THAT IT IS HOWLEVITATE. BETWEEN THE EXTERNAL RING AND THE CAV THERE IS AROTOR TO MOVE THE VEHICLE.

COMPOSITION

IT IS A VEHICLE FOR TWO PERSONS. THE EXTERNAL RING IT IS MADE OFMAGNETS AND FIBERGLASS AND THE CAB IT IS MADE OF BULLETPROOFGLASS BECAUSE IT IS A VERY RESISTANT MATERIAL TO AVOID DAMAGES.THE INSIDE OF CAB IT IS MADE OF PLASTIC AND SYNTETIC LEATHER TOWAKE IT MORE CONFORTABLE.

ACCESS AREA

ALL THE "ROTATION" USERS OWN CLOCKS. IN THAT CLOCK THERE ARE ISCALL BUTTOM. WHEN YOU PUSH IT A ROTATION VEHICLE GOES DOWN TOYOU AND YOU GET IN. ONCE YOU'RE INSIDE IT GETS UP AND BACK INTOTRAFFIC.

PLAN

MODAL SPLIT

THERE ARE THREE DIFFRENT KIND OF AREAS. THE FIRST AREA IS ONLYFOR PEDESTRIANS. THE SECOND AREA IS A RECORDABLE ZONE WHEREYOU CAN FOR EXAMPLE MAKE A MARKET, JUST SIT OR STAND THERE, ORDO ANY OTHER KIND OF ACTIVITIES. THE THIRD ZONE IS A GREEN ZONEWITH TREES AND GRASS WHICH IS SEPARATING THE TRANSPORTATIONZONE FROM THE RECORDABLE ZONE. THE FOURTH AND LAST ZONE ISTHE TRANSPORTATION ZONE WHERE YOU CAN RIDE WITH YOUR BIKETHROUGH THE TWO GREEN ZONES BESIDE YOU OR PICK UP THEROTATION CAR FOR LONG DISTANCE TRANSPORTS.

HOW DO YOU GET IN THE ROTAION "CAR"?

WHEN YOU WANT TO DRIVEWITH THE ROTATION THANYOU HAVE TO PUSH THEBUTTON ON YOUR CLOCK GOTO THE ROAD AND AROTATION CAR WILL STOPRIGHT OVER YOU AND COMEDOWN. IT WILL FIRST STOP,THAN MOVE TO THE SIDE ANDAFTER THAT IT'S GOING TOMOVE DOWN. IT OVES DOWNON THE LEFT OR RIGHT SIDEOF THE BIKE ROAD SOTHERES NOBODY AFFECTEDBY THE CAR MOVING DOWN.WHEN ITS AT THE GROUNDYOU CAN GET IN, CLOSE THEDOOR AND GET BACK INTOTHE TRAFFIC.

ROTATION

WHAT IS ROTATION?


HOW DOES IT WORK?


COMPOSITION


ACCESS AREA


PLAN

MODAL SPLIT




82

RotationAndrés Pascual Lacarra, Clemente Barahona Gomez, Michael Hofinger

Rotation describes the outer ring of the electromagnetic public transport, which rotates around itself. On-roof solar panels provide the necessary energy to propel the vehicles forward while same pole magnets of road and external ring maintain levitation. Each capsule is designed to seat two people.

To access a capsule, users call for a capsule using their watches. The first

available rotation vehicle then moves out of traffic, to the side, descends to street level and once a user got in, gets back up and into traffic.

ROTATION

PEDESTRIAN RECORDABLE ZONE GREEN CYCLISTROTATION

GREEN RECORDABLE ZONE PEDESTRIAN

SOLAR ENERGY SOLAR ENERGY

ROTATION

WHAT IS ROTATION?


HOW DOES IT WORK?


COMPOSITION


ACCESS AREA


PLAN

MODAL SPLIT




83

84

Transportation Center

The main idea was to put the tram underground and to put bike lanes and conveyor belts on top of it. This creates a compact transportation core for the center of the street, which leaves the rest of the street open for everything else. This could be adapted to many other streets as well. The conveyor belts aim to make movement through the street more comfortable for disabled and elderly people. But they also give pedestrians the opportunity to speed up short distances, while they stroll through the city. The bike lanes and the conveyor belts are integrated under a roof

construction. This construction provides shading from the sun in the summer time. In the winter time it provides protection from snow and rain. The zone that was previously occupied by cars is now a recreational zone. Trees provide shading and improve the micro climate of the street. The area close to the facade of the old buildings stays a commercial and social zone, as it already is.

Robbie Omol, Roland Miller

GSEducationalVersion

The main idea is to put the existing tram underground and eliminate the cars completely.So the street is mainly for social interaction, recreation, leisure and commerce.On top of the tram we put a bike lane. Next to it there are two lanes of converter belt

The main idea was to put the tram underground and to put bike lanes andconveyor belts on top of it.This creates a compact transportation core for the center of the streetwhich leaves the rest of the street open for everything else. This could beadapted to many other streets as well.The conveyor belts aim to make movement through the street morecomfortable for disabled and elderly people. But they also givepedestrians the opportunity to speed up short distances, while they strollthrough the city.The bike lanes and the conveyor belts are integrated under a roofconstruction. This construction provides shading from the sun in thesummer time. In the winter time it provides protection from snow andrain.The zone that was previously occupied by cars is now a recreational zone.Trees provide shading and improve the micro climate of the street.The area close to the facade of the old buildings stays a commercial andsocial zone, as it already is.


GSEducationalVersion

The main idea is to put the existing tram underground and eliminate the cars completely.So the street is mainly for social interaction, recreation, leisure and commerce.On top of the tram we put a bike lane. Next to it there are two lanes of converter belt

The main idea was to put the tram underground and to put bike lanes andconveyor belts on top of it.This creates a compact transportation core for the center of the streetwhich leaves the rest of the street open for everything else. This could beadapted to many other streets as well.The conveyor belts aim to make movement through the street morecomfortable for disabled and elderly people. But they also givepedestrians the opportunity to speed up short distances, while they strollthrough the city.The bike lanes and the conveyor belts are integrated under a roofconstruction. This construction provides shading from the sun in thesummer time. In the winter time it provides protection from snow andrain.The zone that was previously occupied by cars is now a recreational zone.Trees provide shading and improve the micro climate of the street.The area close to the facade of the old buildings stays a commercial andsocial zone, as it already is.


85

86

Bavarian VeniceLasse Lemster

87

UntitledJulian Schindler

88

A perfect utopia where cars are completely phased out and transport is through teleportation which will be done in teleportation pods which will be used as public transportation. These streets will be placed in similar frequency to bus stops, so people will have to walk to the street with pods. During this time, people will increasingly become isolated due to technology and therefore to increase human interaction streets (which are no longer being used for auto transportation) will be re-purposed into parks where people can walk, interact and play on water features like a musical fountain and water fountain play grounds.

There will be staircases that lead up to where people board the teleportation pods. These staircases will function to enforce more exercise for people as they will be forced, by design, to take the stairs up to board the pods. A ramp can be used for people with disabilities and trolleys for luggage.

Esther KuteA Walk to the Telopods Park

90

Concept and Lead

Benjamin Scheerbarth, TSPA

ParticipantsAndrés Pascual Lacarra, Erasmus exchange Clemente Barahona Gomez, Erasmus exchange Esther Kute, Assistant Lecturer, The Technical University of Kenya Jonas Anetzberger, B.A. Communication Design Julian Schindler, B.A. Communication Design Lasse Lemster, B.A. Communication Design Michael Hofinger, B.A. Architecture Robbie Omol, B.A. Design, The Technical University of Kenya Roland Miller, B.A. Architecture Stefan Seifert, B.A. Architecture Tobias Manuel, B.A. Interactive Media

Thanks toCarlo Ratti, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Doris Binger, Augsburg University of Applied Sciences Jacob Koch, Bloomberg Associates Katinka Temme, Augsburg University of Applied Sciences Matthew Claudel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Moojin Park, Sauerbruchhutton Susanne Gampfer, Augsburg University of Applied Sciences Thomas Stellmach, TSPA Tobias Häberle, City of Augsburg Urban Planning Department

the passenger city - workshop report - werkwoche 2015

Documents