the parts of speech
TRANSCRIPT
THE PARTS OF SPEECH
By Syeda Ambreen Murtaza
Parts of speech
Noun Pronoun Verb Adverb Adjective Preposition Conjunction Interjection Punctuation Article
Countable & UncountableNoun
NOUN
COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
The nouns which can be count in number
The nouns that can only be measure
The Uncountable & plural Countable
Some and any go with plural & uncountable nouns. We can use plural or uncountable nouns on their own, without some or any.
Noun after some, any, many / much
Plural Uncountable
Tom told some jokes
Do you know any joke ?
Tom usually tells jokes.
We had some fun
That won’t be any fun
We always have fun.
PLURAL & UNCOUNTABLE
MANY & A FEW MUCH & A LITTLE
We use them with plural nouns
There aren’t many bottles
I made a few sandwiches
We use them with uncountable nouns
I don’t drink much wine
There was a little bread left
How to make uncountable nouns countable
Carton , tins etc
Measurements
Piece , slice etc
A piece of information
Advice, information and news are uncountable nouns but we can use piece of , bit of and items of :
Can I give you a piece of / a bit of advice?
There are two pieces/bits of information we need to complete the questionnaire.
There’s a bit of / an item of news that might interest you.
The list of a few uncountable nouns Accommodation
Baggage
Behaviour
Equipment
Fun
Furniture
Homework
Housework
Litter
Luck
Luggage
Progress
Rubbish
Scenery
Traffic
Travel
Weather
Work
Nouns that can be countable or uncountable
Countable Uncountable
I’m peeling the potatoes
Melanie baked a cake for David
Vicky was eating an apple
Someone threw a stone at the police
Would you like some potatoes
Have some cake / a piece of cake
Is there apple in this salad ?
The house is built of stone
Often countable is specific & the uncountable noun is more general
Countable Uncountable
Rugby is a sport
That’s a nice painting over there
We heard a sudden noise outside
Do you like sport?
Paul is good at painting
Constant noise can make you ill.
Some nouns can be countable & uncountable with different meaning
Countable Uncountable
I bought a paper
I’ll have a glass of orange juice, please
Have you got an iron? ( for clothes)
I need some paper to write on
I bought a piece of glass for the window
The bridge is made iron
AGREEMENT
Subject & verb
The window is open .
She was upset.
It has been raining
The windows are open.
The door and the window are open.
Her eyes were wet.
Everyone, something, every , all etc
Everyone, something, every or each, we use a singular verb
After all and plural noun, we use a plural verb
After one of ….we use singular verb
After a number of…..we normally use a plural verb
When a plural comes after
Any of, either of, neither of or none of we can use either a singular or plural verb
Singular verb
After an amount of money, a distance , a weight or a length of time, we normally use a singular verb .
Ten thousand seems a fair price
A hundred metres isn’t far to swim
Ninety kilos is too heavy for me to lift.
Five minutes doesn’t seem long to wait.
SINGULAR & PLURAL
Some nouns have only plural form
Arms (weapon)
Belongings ( the things you own)
Clothes
Congratulations
Contents
Customs
Earnings
goods
Outskirts
Remains
Surroundings
Thanks
Troops
Some nouns have plural forms but take singular verb The word News
The subjects economics, mathematics / math, physics and statistics
The games billiards & darts
The illness measles
PAIR NOUN & GROUP NOUN
Nouns
Pair noun Group noun
The things made of two parts which are the same
A group noun can usually take either a singular or plural verb . We see the group as a whole or as individual people.
Group noun
The family is a very old famous one
The family are delighted with their presents.
The orchestra consists of eight –six musicians.
The orchestra don’t know what to play.
TWO NOUNS TOGETHER
Two nouns together
A bread knife
Bus driver
Animal hospital
Some exceptions A sports club
A goods train
A clothes brush
A sales conference
The use of adverbs & adjectives
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives
There are two places where we use adjectives ; before a noun and after a linking verb
Adjective
Before a noun After a linking verb
Claire’s got a new car
It was a dark night
This is good coffee
Claire’s car is new
It was getting dark
This coffee taste good
Adjectives & nouns
We sometimes use two nouns together ;
A glass door
A computer program
A heavy glass door
A useful computer program
WORD ORDER IN ADJECTIVE
O S A S C O M P
Word order
WORD ORDER
O OPINION
S SIZE
A AGE
S SHAPE
C COLOR
O ORIGIN
M MATERIAL
P PURPOSE
USE OF ING & ED IN ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVE PAIRS
ING ED
Tom told amusing story.
The two hours delay was annoying .
I didn’t enjoy the party. It was boring.
The game was really exciting .
We were amused at Tom’s story .
The passengers were annoyed about the delay.
I went to the party, but I felt bored.
The united fans were excited .
ADVERB
Adverb
•Manner
•Time
•Place
•Frequency
Carefully , slowly, happily etc
Morning, 7 o’clock, early, Tuesday , fortnight etc
Here, there, up , down etc
Immediately, daily, sometimes etc
The ly ending
• e----ly……. nice , true etc
•Y----ily…easy, lucky
•Le---ly…possible, comfortable
•Ic-ically..dramatic, automatic
Nicely , truly
Easily , luckily
Possibly , comfortably
Dramatically , automatically
ADVERB & ADJECTIVE
Adverb & adjective
Adverb Adjective
Tom was hungry
The children seemed happy
My soup has got cold
Paul ate hungrily
The children play happily
The man stared coldly at us
Adjective ends with ly
Friendly
Ugly
Silly
Likely
Elderly
lovely
Compare the words
Adjective Adverb
We did some hard work
I came on the fast train
They sell cheap clothes in the market.
We worked hard
The train went quite fast.
They sell things cheap /cheaply there.
Words and different meanings
I tried hard, but I didn’t succeed.
Luckily I found a phone box quite near.
Rachel arrived late, as usual
We got into the concert free.
I’ve hardly any money left.
I nearly fell asleep in the meeting
I’ve been very busy lately
The animals are allowed to wander freely
Good & well
Good
Well
Good is adjective
Natasha is a good violinist
Our test results were good
Well is its adverb
She plays the violin very well
We all did well in the test.