the parts of a computer keyboardmouse speakers disk drive visual display unit/vdu/monitor central...
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The parts of a computerThe parts of a computer
Keyboard Mouse
Speakers
Disk drive
Visual display unit/VDU/MonitorCentral processing unit (CPU)
Hard disk (Backing store)
Microphone
Hardware & SoftwareHardware & Software
HardwareHardwarePhysical Component of a Physical Component of a ComputerComputerWe can touch these partsWe can touch these partsAllow user to enter data Allow user to enter data and information into and information into computer and retrievecomputer and retrieveCan not perform any task Can not perform any task without Softwarewithout SoftwareIf problem occur in If problem occur in hardware then it will hardware then it will repaired.repaired.
SoftwareSoftwareLogical Component of a Logical Component of a ComputerComputerWe can not touch We can not touch These are in form of These are in form of instructions that tell the instructions that tell the computer that what to docomputer that what to doIt can not executed without It can not executed without hardware.hardware.If any problem in software If any problem in software then it will reinstall.then it will reinstall.
HardwareHardware
The The motherboardmotherboard is the main electronic is the main electronic component of the computercomponent of the computer Circuit boardCircuit board
The The microprocessormicroprocessor is one of the most is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboardon the motherboard
CardsCards are removable circuit boards are removable circuit boards
Computer componentsComputer components
Logical units of a computerLogical units of a computer Input unitInput unit Output unitOutput unit Memory unitMemory unit Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Central processing unit (CPU)Central processing unit (CPU) Secondary storage unitSecondary storage unit
The Central Processing UnitThe Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit
Backing store
Output devices
Input devices Immediate access store
Control unit
Arithmetic & logic
unit
Data signals
Control signals
Working Working
Input Unit
CPUUnit
Ram / Rom
ALU & LogicalUnit
Control Unit
Output Unit
Storage Devices
Input & Output Input & Output
The data or instructions you type into the The data or instructions you type into the
computer are called computer are called inputinputThe result of the computer processing The result of the computer processing
your input is referred to as your input is referred to as outputoutputPeripheral devicesPeripheral devices accomplish input and accomplish input and output functionsoutput functions
Input DeviceInput Device
You use an You use an input deviceinput device, such as a keyboard or a , such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commandsmouse, to input data and issue commands KeyboardKeyboard
ErgonomicErgonomic Pointing devicePointing device
Controls the pointerControls the pointerMouseMouse
Scroll wheelScroll wheel
TrackballTrackballTouch padTouch padPointing stickPointing stick
ScannerScanner
Output DevicesOutput Devices
Output devices Output devices show you the results of show you the results of processing dataprocessing data MonitorMonitor
Flat panelFlat panelLCDLCDCRTCRT
PrinterPrinterLaserLaserInkjetInkjetDot matrixDot matrix
Memory UnitsMemory Units
Random Access Memory ( RAM ) Random Access Memory ( RAM )
Read Only Memory ( ROM ) Read Only Memory ( ROM )
Backing StorageBacking Storage
Which consists of the disk drivers Which consists of the disk drivers used to store data when the power used to store data when the power is switched off.is switched off.Magnetic mediaMagnetic media
Hard diskHard disk TapeTape Floppy diskFloppy disk
Optical storage deviceOptical storage device CDCD DVDDVD CD-RCD-R CD-RWCD-RW CD-ROMCD-ROM
Brain of Computer Brain of Computer Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
CPU
Control Unit Arithmetic Unit Logical unit
Control Unit Control Unit
Responsible for coordinating the input and Responsible for coordinating the input and output Devices.output Devices.
Arithmetic Arithmetic
In which all the calculations are Involve.In which all the calculations are Involve.
Addition Addition
Subtraction Subtraction
Multiplications Multiplications
Divisions Divisions
Modulus Modulus
Logical unit Logical unit
It contains the logical decisions It contains the logical decisions
And operationsAnd operations
Or Operations Or Operations
Not operations Not operations
Why use Computer?Why use Computer?
AdvantagesAdvantages
Computers are extremely fast Computers are extremely fast
Computers are very accurateComputers are very accurate
Computers can keep large amount of Computers can keep large amount of information in a small spaceinformation in a small space
Computers can work continuously for 24 hours a Computers can work continuously for 24 hours a day.day.
Computers can do some jobs that would be Computers can do some jobs that would be impossible without them.impossible without them.
DrawbacksDrawbacks
Computers can replace people Computers can replace people
Computers holds personal information Computers holds personal information which may be misused.which may be misused.
Problems arise when computers cannot be Problems arise when computers cannot be used.used.
Staff need to be trained Staff need to be trained
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Signal Signal
That pass between the main processor and That pass between the main processor and the other hardware.the other hardware.
Control SignalControl Signal : :
include signals sent out by the main include signals sent out by the main processor and the other hardware.processor and the other hardware.
Data Signals: Data Signals:
These are the groups of binary These are the groups of binary digits that are used to represent characters.digits that are used to represent characters.
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Types of computers by SizeTypes of computers by Size
Micro computersMicro computers
Mainframe Computers Mainframe Computers
Super ComputersSuper Computers
Mini ComputersMini Computers
Embedded ComputersEmbedded Computers
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Micro ComputersMicro Computers
Are the computers that you are most likely to Are the computers that you are most likely to encounter at home or in school and colleges.encounter at home or in school and colleges.
It consist of one or more input device ,output It consist of one or more input device ,output device, memory and processor.device, memory and processor.
ExamplesExamples
PCsPCs
Apples Apples
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Types of Micro ComputersTypes of Micro Computers
Desktop ComputersDesktop Computers
Laptop and notebook Laptop and notebook ComputersComputers
Personal Digital Assistants Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)(PDA)
Palmtop ComputersPalmtop Computers
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Mainframe computersMainframe computers
Thousands of terminals attached to it.Thousands of terminals attached to it.
Larger mainframe computers carry out 250 Larger mainframe computers carry out 250 million instructions per second.million instructions per second.
It Consist of multiple processors.It Consist of multiple processors.
Used large organizations such as banks, Used large organizations such as banks, insurance companies, airlines and insurance companies, airlines and government department.government department.
Disadvantage:Disadvantage:
Due to immense power they produce large Due to immense power they produce large amount of heat so its require air conditioned.amount of heat so its require air conditioned.
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ExamplesExamples
IBM43810IBM43810
NEC610NEC610
DEC 10 etcDEC 10 etc
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SupercomputersSupercomputers
Largest category of computer, costing Largest category of computer, costing millions of pounds.millions of pounds.
It is complex ,large storage and advanced It is complex ,large storage and advanced computers.computers.
They are mostly used by scientific and They are mostly used by scientific and industrial research departments.industrial research departments.
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UsesUses
NASA NASA
Weather centreWeather centre
Stock ExchangeStock Exchange
Weapon design Weapon design
Mapping the surface of planets.Mapping the surface of planets.
Studying the neural network of brainStudying the neural network of brain
Preparing models of chemical systems.Preparing models of chemical systems.
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ExamplesExamples
CRAY-XPCRAY-XP
ETA-10 ETA-10
Blue sky Blue sky
ASCI WhiteASCI White
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Mini computersMini computers
Have a size , power and cost somewhere Have a size , power and cost somewhere between those of microcomputers and between those of microcomputers and mainframes.mainframes.
It is much powerful then some of the It is much powerful then some of the mainframes still in use.mainframes still in use.
It is used by business institutes and It is used by business institutes and departments.departments.
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ExamplesExamples
Vax-8800Vax-8800
MV-1500MV-1500
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Embedded Computers or Embedded Computers or MicroprocessorsMicroprocessors
Is a single chip that perform the functions of a Is a single chip that perform the functions of a central processing unitcentral processing unitMany microprocessors makes are Many microprocessors makes are Microcontrollers also called embedded.Microcontrollers also called embedded.Embedded computers serve as the brain of a Embedded computers serve as the brain of a larger piece of machine.larger piece of machine.Their software is stored in the computer’s own.Their software is stored in the computer’s own.They serve as a personal computer but not They serve as a personal computer but not have a monitor, keyboard and mousehave a monitor, keyboard and mouse
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UsesUses
Microwaves programmable ovens Microwaves programmable ovens Blood pressure monitorsBlood pressure monitorsAir bag sensors Air bag sensors Washing machinesWashing machinesVideo recordersVideo recordersAlarms Alarms Digital cameras Digital cameras MP3 playersMP3 playersCar engine ControllersCar engine Controllers
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Types of Computer by shapeTypes of Computer by shape
Types
Analog Digital Hybrid
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Analog computersAnalog computers
It provides continuous valueIt provides continuous value
It represents physical quantities in the It represents physical quantities in the form of wavesform of waves
It has no state It has no state
It has low memory It has low memory
It is difficult to useIt is difficult to use
It is used in engineering and scienceIt is used in engineering and science
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ExamplesExamples
ThermometerThermometer
Analog ClocksAnalog Clocks
Speed of the car Speed of the car
Petrol StationsPetrol Stations
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Digital computersDigital computers
It provides us discrete valuesIt provides us discrete values
It represent physical values with help of It represent physical values with help of symbols or numberssymbols or numbers
It has two states ON and OFFIt has two states ON and OFF
It has big memory It has big memory
These are easy to use These are easy to use
It is used in all field of life It is used in all field of life
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ExamplesExamples
Digital clocks Digital clocks
Calculators Calculators
Laptop computersLaptop computers
Score boardScore board
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Hybrid ComputersHybrid Computers
These are combination of analog and These are combination of analog and digital computersdigital computers
Some part of processing is done in digital Some part of processing is done in digital and some part is done in analog.and some part is done in analog.
The measurement may then be converted The measurement may then be converted into numbers and display in digital form.into numbers and display in digital form.
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ExamplesExamples
Patient Heart function Patient Heart function
Temperature Temperature
Blood pressureBlood pressure