The Partition of AfricaThe Partition of Africa

Ch.9.2Ch.9.2

QUICK WRITEQUICK WRITEDescribe (in detail) what you see in the cartoon? What is Describe (in detail) what you see in the cartoon? What is the cartoonist trying to communicate or say? What title the cartoonist trying to communicate or say? What title

would you give this cartoon? would you give this cartoon?

Africa in the Early 1800sAfrica in the Early 1800s

North AfricaNorth Africa• Includes Sahara, Fertile land along the Includes Sahara, Fertile land along the

Mediterranean Sea.Mediterranean Sea. Native people spoke hundreds of languages & had Native people spoke hundreds of languages & had

many different forms of governmentmany different forms of government Region was apart of the Muslim world & much Region was apart of the Muslim world & much

remained under control of the Ottoman Empireremained under control of the Ottoman Empire West AfricaWest Africa

Islamic Crusades in Early 1800’s, Muslim revival Islamic Crusades in Early 1800’s, Muslim revival spreadspread

Africa in the Early 1800sAfrica in the Early 1800s

East AfricaEast Africa• Muslim influencedMuslim influenced• Port cities participated in profitable slave trade.Port cities participated in profitable slave trade.• Rich in Ivory and copperRich in Ivory and copper

South AfricaSouth Africa• Zulus (under the brilliant leadership of Shaka) Zulus (under the brilliant leadership of Shaka)

had expanded their controlhad expanded their control• They in turn came to be dominated by the They in turn came to be dominated by the

technology of the Boers (Dutch Settlers).technology of the Boers (Dutch Settlers).

Africa in the Early 1800sAfrica in the Early 1800s Explorer's Advance into Africa’s interiorExplorer's Advance into Africa’s interior

• Difficulties (early stages of Imperialism)Difficulties (early stages of Imperialism)• African resistance, difficult terrain, & diseases kept African resistance, difficult terrain, & diseases kept

Europeans from majority the interior regions of the Europeans from majority the interior regions of the continent continent

• Europeans were fascinated by Africa’s geographyEuropeans were fascinated by Africa’s geography Missionaries Follow ExplorersMissionaries Follow Explorers

• Sought to win people to ChristianitySought to win people to Christianity• Built schools, medical clinics along side churchesBuilt schools, medical clinics along side churches• Focused on the evils of slave tradeFocused on the evils of slave trade• Still had a paternalistic view of Africans (saw them in need Still had a paternalistic view of Africans (saw them in need

of guidance)of guidance)

A Scramble for ColoniesA Scramble for Colonies Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference

• King Leopold II (Belgian) King Leopold II (Belgian) • arranged trade treaties with African leaders & monopolized the arranged trade treaties with African leaders & monopolized the

Congo.Congo.• Started other European nations to scramble for coloniesStarted other European nations to scramble for colonies• An agreement about the process of colonizing Africa was An agreement about the process of colonizing Africa was

reached at the Berlin Conference in 1884.reached at the Berlin Conference in 1884. No Africans were invited to the conference.No Africans were invited to the conference.

Horrors in the CongoHorrors in the Congo• Leopold and wealthy Belgians exploit the riches of the CongoLeopold and wealthy Belgians exploit the riches of the Congo

Rubber, copper, & ivoryRubber, copper, & ivory Villagers were abused and worked to next to nothingVillagers were abused and worked to next to nothing 1908 Congo is brought under the direct control of Belgian govt.1908 Congo is brought under the direct control of Belgian govt.

Africans Resist ImperialismAfricans Resist Imperialism Ethiopia SurvivesEthiopia Survives

• The colonizers often met with armed resistanceThe colonizers often met with armed resistance• Ethiopia managed to resist European Ethiopia managed to resist European

colonization altogethercolonization altogether King Menelik II modernized EthiopiaKing Menelik II modernized Ethiopia building roads, bridges, est. Western schools, building roads, bridges, est. Western schools,

imported latest weapons etc.imported latest weapons etc.• Some Western-educated Africans developed an Some Western-educated Africans developed an

elite status, elite status, • Others formed nationalist movements to Others formed nationalist movements to

pursue independencepursue independence