The Palmetto ProgramElementary Pedagogy SessionDecember 3, 2011

A Change in Standards…..• 4-3.3: Summarize the importance of the key battles of the

Revolutionary War, including the reasons for the American victory, including Lexington and Concord, Bunker (Breed’s) Hill, Charleston, Saratoga, Cowpens and Yorktown.

• 4-3.4: Summarize the events and key battles of the Revolutionary War, including Lexington and Concord, Bunker (Breed’s) Hill, Charleston, Saratoga, Cowpens, Yorktown.

A Change in Standards…..• 4-3.4: Explain how the American Revolution affected

attitudes toward and the future of slavery, women, and Native Americans.

• 4-3.5: Explain how the aid received from France, the Netherlands, and the alliances with Native American nations contributed to the American victory in the Revolutionary War.

• 4-3.6: Compare the daily life and roles of diverse groups of Americans during and after the Revolutionary War, including roles taken by women and African Americans such as Martha Washington, Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley (Molly Pitcher), Abigail Adams, Crispus Attucks, and Peter Salem.

Selecting Resources• Support Document• Textbook• Pacing Guides• Ancillary materials• Books

The American RevolutionCreating a timeline

Proclamation of 1763 and then…war.

Lexington and Concord – April 19, 1775• British regulars fire upon militia. Soon more

militia form and drive the British back to Boston

Continental Army Formed – June 14th

Bunker Hill – June 17, 1775• British Victory – Demonstrated that an

inexperienced army was willing to stand up against an experienced army in a pitched battle. • Pitched Battle – An agreed upon time and location

for battle.• Pyrrhic Victory (pirik) – A victory with

devastating losses. (You can’t have too many of these!)

• Americans learned that they would need help if they were going to have a lasting war with the British.

Pitched Battle

December 25, 1776• Washington crosses the Delaware and

surprises Hessians at Trenton, New Jersey

Saratoga – October 7, 1777• Major British Defeat – Turning point of the war.

Valley Forge – December 1777

The Southern Campaign

Siege of Charleston 1779-1780• October 1779 - Sir Henry Clinton and Lord

Charles Cornwallis arrive to capture Charlestown

• May 12, 1780 – General Lincoln surrenders Charleston. British capture 1000s of soldiers.

A bad choice of leaders…..• The king wanted to punish the colonies and

Cornwallis had just the man… Banastre Tarleton

Patriot - Francis Marion

Patriot – Daniel Morgan

Patriot – Nathaniel Greene

The Southern Strategy – Occupy SC• The British intent on “owning” the southern

states, begin to establish outpost in the south.

Battle of Camden – August 16, 1780• Embarrassing defeat of the Continental Army

under the command of Horatio Gates.• Washington replaces Gates with Nathaniel

Green as southern commander.

Battle of King’s Mountain – Oct 7, 1780• Orders of Major Patrick Ferguson – “(tell them)

to come and pledge their support to the King, or he would march on them and, with fire and sword, lay waste their settlements”

• They came.

Cowpens – January 17, 1781• “For ten days in early January, Tarleton first

looked for, and then chased Morgan, whom he outnumbered two to one. One January 17 he made the mistake of catching him.”

Guilford Court House – March 15, 1781

And now… The Race is On!

Eutaw Springs – September 8, 1781• British Commander Lieutenant Colonel

Alexander Stewart is forced to retreat after his pyrrhic victory over Major General Nathanael Greene.

Yorktown – October 17, 1781

"South Carolina Independence Day". • December 4, 1782 – The British evacuate

Charlestown. In leaving, they carried away many things of value, including the bells of St. Michael’s church.

• The British also evacuated nearly 10,000 enslaved Africans which were taken to other British possessions.

• The divide between the loyalist and patriots was slow to heal. Some loyalist left the colony for good.

Treaty of Paris – September 3, 1783• Treat with Great British to formally end the

war.

Problem Based Learning….• How were the Native Americans affected by

the American Revolution?

How did the Proclamation of 1763 affect Native Americans and the American Revolution?

African Americans in the Revolution• June 22, 1772 – James Somersett Court

Decision• November 7, 1775 – Proclamation of Lord

Dunmore• 1740-1783 – Runaways!

• An estimated 100,000 took advantage of the disruption caused by the war and escaped from bondage, many of them making their way to the British forces. Others fled to Canada, Florida, or Indian Lands. It is believed that Virginia lost 30,000 slaves in one year alone.

African Americans in the Revolution

Crispus Attucks- a freed slave who was killed during the

Boston Massacre

Peter Salem – Was given his freedom in exchange for

serving in the American Army at Bunker Hill and Saratoga

Proclamation of Lord Dunmore• obtained, I do in Virtue of the Power and Authority to ME given, by His

MAJESTY, determine to execute Martial Law, and caufe the fame to be executed throughout this Colony: and to the end that Peace and good Order may the fooner be [effected], I do require every Person capable of bearing Arms, to [refort] to His MAJESTY'S STANDARD, or be looked upon as Traitors to His MAJESTY'S Crown and Government, and thereby become liable to the Penalty the Law inflicts upon fuch Offences; fuch as forfeiture of Life, confifcation of Lands, &c. &c. And I do hereby further declare all indentured Servants, Negroes, or others, (appertaining to Rebels,) free that are able and willing to bear Arms, they joining His MAJESTY'S Troops as foon as may be, for the more fpeedily reducing this Colony to a proper Senfe of their Duty, to His MAJESTY'S Leige Subjects, to retain their [Qui?rents], or any other Taxes due or that may become due, in their own Cuftody, till fuch Time as Peace may be again reftored to this at prefent moft unhappy Country, or demanded of them for their former falutary Purpofes, by Officers properly authorifed to receive the fame.

GIVEN under my Hand on board the ship WILLIAM, off NORPOLE, the 7th Day of NOVEMBER, in the SIXTEENTH Year of His MAJESTY'S Reign.

In the end….there was no reward….• The optimal arrangement for liberated slaves would

have been to remain in British-occupied America, where the military could have backed the promise of freedom with force. When the black loyalists sailed away from America, they moved out of a militarized world and into a civil society that was not capable of fulfilling the debt owed to them. Britain had largely externalized slavery to its sugar colonies. It therefore seemed perfectly natural to externalize the black loyalists as well.

• Those who landed in London were soon starving in the streets. Those who had gone to Nova Scotia were often exploited, denied the land they had been promised and trapped in destitution. Those who left England and Canada for the black colony in Sierra Leone dreamed up by abolitionists suffered terribly as a result of warfare, disease and mismanagement.

African Americans in the RevolutionPictured: Marquis de Lafayette and James Armistead. Armistead was enlisted as a spy by Lafayette and later by Cornwallis.

Women in the Revolution

Women in the Revolution(In textbook)• Martha Washington• Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley• Abigail Adams• Deborah Sampson• Mercy Otis Warren• Phillis Wheatly

• Boycotting British Goods• Raising Money • Serving in a variety of support roles.

Women in the Revolution• Margaret Cochran Corbin• Grace and Rachel Martin• Emily Geiger• Elizabeth Brigin• Deborah Sampson• Rebecca Motte• Mary Hays McCauley• Nancy Hart• Penelope Barker• Hannah White Arnett• Martha Bratton• Esther De Berdt Reed