the painful shoulder part i: evaluation1).pdf · physical examination of patients presenting with...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Painful Shoulder Part I: Evaluation© Jackson Orthopedic Foundation www.jacksonortho.org
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• 1. Describe 6 key components of the history and physical examination of patients presenting with shoulder pain
• 2. Relate anatomical structures and landmarks to pain and dysfunction of the shoulder
• 3. Perform specialized provocative testing on the shoulder and appropriately interpret findings to support a probable diagnosis.
Objectives
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Common Sites of Shoulder Pain
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Superficial Musculature of the Shoulder
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Bony Anatomy of the Shoulder
A good place for a chart
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Glenohumeral Joint
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www.jacksonortho.org
Right Shoulder – A/P View
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Left Shoulder Axillary View
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Y-View
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Acromion Types
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Acromion Types
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ACROMION
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BURSAE
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A A good place for a chart
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www.
Vascular Supply
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Nerve Supply
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
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Rotator Cuff
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www.jacksonortho.org
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Adhesive Capsulitis
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Tendinitis
A good place for a chart
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AC Joint DJD/Rotator Cuff Tear
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PRINT THIS SLIDE!
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• Onset• Location• Duration• Character• Aggravators• Relievers• Timing• Severity
• Overhead• Look down• Dislocation• Clunking• Anterior/posterior• Rotator Cuff• Throwing• Sleep
HISTORY
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IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
– Most often associated with overhead activities– Washing hair; reaching up to cabinets/shelves– Repetitive use– Wake at night when rolling onto an extended arm
HISTORY: Overhead?
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• Full neck flexion – r/o radiculopathy– C5, C6, Suprascapular & Axillary nerves
• Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis– C7 – below elbow
• Referred pain from– Chest (lungs, diaphragm)– Abdomen (liver, gall bladder, colon)
HISTORY: Look down!
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• Previous history raises risk
• “Something slipping out of place.”
• May be chronic
History: Dislocation
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•NORMAL: –Clicking, popping, snapping
• TENDINOSIS:–Deeper, heavier clunk
LABRALTEAR: –Severe pain with –Movement blocked
History: Clunking
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Anterior:– Biceps tendon groove– AC Joint
Posterior- Supraspinatus
- Teres Minor
History: Anterior/Posterior
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• Tendinitis: – Subacromial pain– Worse w activity; better w rest
• Rotator Cuff Tear- Dull, relentless, “toothache” pain- Severe at night; prevents sleep- Can’t sleep on affected side
History: Rotator Cuff
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• Pain with COCKING– Anterior cuff tendinitis– Instability or anterior dislocation
• Pain with ACCELERATION– Rotator cuff tear– Impingement
• Pain with RELEASE/DECELRATION– Posterior cuff tendinitis– Posterior dislocation (rare)
History: Throwing
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• Impingement– Wake in pain w arm overhead
• Tendinitis– Sleep may be interrupted when rolling to
affected side• Rotator Cuff Tear
– Relentless pain makes sleep difficult; cannot lie on affected side
www.jacksonortho.org
History: Sleep
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• Onset• Location• Duration• Character• Aggravators• Relievers• Timing• Severity
• Overhead• Look down• Dislocation• Clunking• Anterior/posterior• Rotator Cuff• Throwing• Sleep
HISTORY
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*
• Inspection• Palpation• Range of Motion• Resisted Strength• Provocative Testing* One joint above; one below
www.jacksonortho.org
Musculoskeletal Exam
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Inspection• Movement• Alignment• Swelling• Asymmetry• Scars• Bruising• Venuos Distention
• Squaring of the shoulder:– dislocation
• Scapular winging:– Instability/dislocation– Serratus anterior or
trapezius dysfunction• Atrophy
– RCT– Nerve entrapment– Radiculopathy
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What do you see?
A good place for a chart
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
A good place for a chart
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• What do you see? • What do you see?
What do you see?
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What do you see?
A good place for a chart
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PALPATIONLooking for:
• Deformity
• Spasm
• Tenderness
• Sternoclavicular joint• Clavicle• AC joint• Coracoid• Anterior Glenohumeral Joint• Biceps tendon• Acromion• Posterior GH joint• Scapula• Trapezius• Paracervicals
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• Sterno-clavicular joint• Clavicle• AC joint• Coracoid• Anterior Glenohumeral Joint• Biceps tendon• Acromion• Posterior GH joint• Scapula• Trapezius• Paracervicals
DislocationFracture, dislocationDislocation, arthritis Biceps tendinitisTendinits, labral tear, dislocationTendinitis, ruptureArthritis, bursitis, Dislocation, tendinitsNeuropathy, atrophySpasm, trigger points Spasm, degenerative disease
Positive TTP Consider
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Biceps
Triceps
Distal Sensation
Distal Circulation
Percussion/Neuro/Circulatory
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• Flexion• Extension• Internal Rotation• External Rotation• Abduction
AROM loss with normal PROM:? Rotator Cuff Tear? Impingement
• 180• 45-60• 90• 90• 150
PROM loss w abnormal AROM? Adhesive Capsulitis? GH Osteoarthritis
Range of Motion
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
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• Neer Test: With the arm fully pronated, raise the patient’s arm fully overhead in full flexion. Stabilize the scapula to prevent scapulo-thoracic motion.
Subacromial Impingement
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• Neer Test: With the arm fully pronated, raise the patient’s arm fully overhead in full flexion. Stabilize the scapula to prevent scapulo-thoracic motion.
Subacromial Impingement
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Supraspinatus Testing
A good place for a chart
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Infraspinatus TestingPatient has pain when externally rotating the shoulder against resistance with elbow flexed to 90 degrees.
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• Lift-Off Test: Position patient’s hand behind the back at waist level with palm facing out. Ask patient to move arm away from body against examiner resistance.
Subscapularis Injury
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
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• Yergason Test: Position patient’s elbow at 90 degrees with thumb up. Have the patient supinate and flex elbow against examiner’s resistance (holding at wrist.)
Biceps: Shoulder External Rotation; Elbow Flexion & Supination
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Labrum
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• Position patient’s arm in 90 degree flexion and external rotation. Push humerus into glenohumeral joint while internally and externally rotating.
Labral Tear – Crank (Clunk) Test
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Bony Anatomy of the Shoulder
A good place for a chart
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O’ Brien’s Test: Position shoulder in 90 deg flexion, elbow extended, and 15 deg. Adducted. Point thumb down. Apply downward force. Repeat with thumb up.
With thumb up only: DEEP pain = Labral tearTOP OF SHOULDER pain = AC Joint
Labral Tear vs. AC Joint
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• The patient actively flexes the shoulder to 90 degrees then actively adducts it.
• AC joint dysfunction (arthritis, spurring, etc.) indicated by pain
AC Joint Dysfunction
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• SPEED’S ManeuverFlex patient’s elbow 20-30
degrees with forearm supinated and elbow flexed 20-30 degrees, arm in 60 degrees flexion. Resist forward flexion of the arm while palpating biceps tendon at anterior shoulder.
Biceps Tendon – Long Head
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Dislocation Tests
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With patient’s arm in neutral, pull downward on elbow or wrist while observing shoulder area for a depression lateral or inferior to the acromion. Many asymptomatic patients, especially adolescents normally have some degree of instability.
Sulcus Sign – Inferior Dislocation
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OA Impingement
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Posterior Dislocation
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Headline
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Anterior Dislocation
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Common Sites of Shoulder Pain
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• Woodward, T. W., & Best, T. M. (2000). The painful shoulder: part I. Clinical evaluation. American family
physician, 61(10), 3079-3089.• Woodward, T. W., & Best, T. M. (2000). The painful
shoulder: part II. Acute and chronic disorders. American
family physician, 61(11), 3291-3300.• Zuckerman, J. D., Mirabello, S. C., Newman, D.,
Gallagher, M., & Cuomo, F. (1991). The painful shoulder: Part II. Intrinsic disorders and impingement syndrome. American family physician, 43(2), 497.
REFERENCES
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•Our Mission: To improve the lives of people with musculoskeletal conditions through education, research & service.
•Our Goal: To raise the profile and priority of non-surgical musculoskeletal health with local hospitals, schools and the general public, while encouraging a collaborative, multi-disciplinary care model in ortho community.
•We call this approach Orthopedic Primary Care.
About JOF
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•We strive to remove barriers to innovation and improvement of care by embarking on efforts that build community among schools, hospitals, providers, & the industry.
•JOF’s vision is to be the Bay Area’s pre-eminent resource for information, collaboration and innovation affecting musculoskeletal health and common orthopedic conditions.
About JOF
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Jackson Orthopedic Foundation3317 Elm Street, Suit 201
Oakland, CA 94609Phone (510) 238-4851
www.jacksonortho.org