the packaging of my message. aristotle defined rhetoric as the faculty or skill of discovering the...
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RHETORICThe Packaging of my Message
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EVERYONE AND ANYONE CAN
COMMUNICATE
•Aristotle defined rhetoric as the faculty or skill of discovering the available means of persuasion in a given case.
•It is an analytical skill.
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AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
• Positive• Neutral• Disinterested• Opposed
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AUDIENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES
Positive: Narrative, Examples, Comparisons
Neutral: Facts, Statistics, Testimony, Examples
Disinterested: Facts, Statistics
Opposed: Narrative, Facts, Statistics, Examples, Comparisons
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3 PRIMARY SOURCES Pathos
Ethos
Logos
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PATHOS
•A listener’s personal needs, drives, and desires.
•Pathos will determine the evidence and the delivery style you use.
•Audiences will generally fall under four categories: positive, neutral, disinterested, opposed.
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MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Safety
Biological
Belonging
Esteem
Self-Actualization
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KEY WORDS FOR PATHOS
Appeal
Need
Desires
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CRITIQUE OF PATHOS
Facial Expression
Gestures
Voice
Platform Movement
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FACIALS Eye Contact Brow Panning the room Smile Tension
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GESTURES
Natural
Motivated by mood
Not overused
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VOICEIntelligibility=enunciateInflection=variation vs. MonotonyTempo=characterization, mood,
atmosphereVolume=loudnessForce=intensityPitch=highness or lowness
(habitual or ideal)Timbre=vocal quality
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PLATFORMING
Posture
Movement
Body Tone
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ETHOS The speaker’s
character in the minds of the audience.
Key Words:CompetenceSincerityGood will
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AUDIENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES
Positive: Narrative, Examples, Comparisons
Neutral: Facts, Statistics, Testimony, Examples
Disinterested: Facts, Statistics
Opposed: Narrative, Facts, Statistics, Examples, Comparisons
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LOGOS The thinking
process that allows the listener to arrive at logical conclusions.
Key words:Reasoning
Evidence
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REASONING The process of putting evidence
together in a coherent argument to support a position:Inductive: Specific to generalDeductive: General to SpecificProblem/SolutionCompare/Contrast
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REASONING The process of putting evidence
together in a coherent argument to support a position:Inductive: Specific to generalDeductive: General to SpecificProblem/SolutionCompare/Contrast