the oscar code: an unique tool for simulating …oscar originally developed for pwr modular code...

The OSCAR code: an unique tool

for simulating reactor

contamination

Le code OSCAR : un outil unique de simulation

de la contamination en réacteur

F. Dacquait, J. Francescatto

CEA/DEN/Cadarache/DTN/SMTA/Laboratoire de Maitrise de la

contamination et de la chimie des Caloporteurs et du Tritium

SALOME User Day 2019

EDF Lab Paris-Saclay, 4 April 2019 | PAGE 1www.cea.fr

SALOME User Day 2019 | EDF Lab Paris-Saclay | 4 April 2019 | PAGE 2

OSCAR Context and Overview

OSCAR Simulation and GUIs

The OSCAR code: an unique tool for simulating reactor contamination

Outline

JUIN 2015

| PAGE 3





Industrial issues

• Radioprotection: Reduction of Occupational Radiation Exposure (ORE)

• Environment: Minimization of release/waste – Optimization of dismantling process –

Source term in case of incident/accident

• Availability: Optimization of reactor operation

Activated Corrosion Products (ACPs)

85%

Fission products

5%

Activated structures

5%

Neutrons5%

Collective dose for operation and

maintenance of PWRs

Principle of contamination transfer

in a PWRACP transfer and

contamination by 58Co, 60Co…

FP/actinides transfer and

contamination by 131I, 239Pu…

Generalized corrosion and CP release into the

primary coolant (Ni, Fe, Co, Cr…)

CP transfer and activation

Clad failure and FP/actinides release


Contamination principle and stakes


Simulation of contamination transfer in nuclear reactor systems during power

operation and during cold shutdown (PWR: 20350 °C - reducing/oxidizing - acid/alkaline)

Calculation of masses and activities of Corrosion Products/Coolant activation products/

Fission Products/Actinides in solid, liquid and gaseous phases of nuclear circuits as a

function of time (normal operation over several decades and transients over several

minutes/hours)

Development of a calculation code by CEA in collaboration with EDF and FRAMATOME

OSCAR (Outil de Simulation de la ContAmination en Réacteur)

(First version in 2008 OSCAR = merge of PACTOLE and PROFIP developped since 70’s)

OSCAR originally developed for PWR

Modular code (easy evolving tool)

Validation based on a large OPEX unique in the world (~400 EMECC campaigns since 70’s)

Current version: OSCAR V1.4 released in 2017

Application to Fusion reactor: OSCAR-Fusion

Application to SFR: OSCAR-Na

SFR

GV


OSCAR Objective


OSCAR V1.4

Linux OS

Debian Jessie V8 64 bits

RedHat Santiago V6 64 bits

SALOME 7

Python 2

Qt 4

SALOME 9

Python 3

Qt 5

Test phase


Overview of the OSCAR package



OSCAR Modelling: Discretization

Circuits discretized in

control volumesaccording to

• material

• geometry

• thermal-hydraulics

• neutronics

• operation

Up to 6 media in

each control volume

ParticlesIons

Deposit/Outer oxide

Metal

Filters

Inner oxide

HL/COL/CL : Hot/CrossOver/Cold Leg

SG: Steam Generator

CVCS: Chemical and Volume Control System

Core

PWR



OSCAR Modelling: Isotopes and mass balance equations

Isotopes of these elements

CPs: Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ag, Sb, Zr, Cu

FPs: Xe, Kr, I, Cs, Sr

Actinides: U, Pu, Np, Am, Cm…

N, Ar

Radioactive half-lifes: from second to million years

Unsteady mass balance equation for each

isotope in each medium of each region

• mi : mass of isotope i in a medium

• Jm : mass rate between 2 media or

2 isotopes or 2 regions

Source Sink

mmi JJ

t

m

50Cr 51Cr

58Ni

59Ni

CompNi

58Co

60Co

59Fe

58Fe

54Fe

54Mn

55Mn

CompCr

59Co

OC

55Fe

(n,)

(n,) (n,)

(n,)

(n,)

(n,p)

(n, p)

()

()

()

()

()

(n,)

109Ag

OC

(n,) 110mAg 64Zn

(n,) 65Zn

OC (

)

CompZn

()

CompZr

CompFe

62Ni

63Ni

(n,)

OC

()

56Mn

(n,)

()

(n,p)

(n,)

57Co

(n,np)

()

(n,2n)

()

107Ag

OC

(n,) 108mAg

()

()

OC : Out of Chain

CompIso : complementary

stable isotope

Radioisotopes

94Zr

OC

(n,) 95Zr

()

92Zr

OC

(n,) 93Zr

()

(n,)

(n,)

(n,)



OSCAR Modelling: Transfer mechanisms

Corrosion

Products

Fission Products

and actinides

MetalCorrosion

Formation

Ions

Filtration

Filters

Particles

Region k

PrecipitationDissolution

Deposit/Outer oxide

Release

Injection

Inner oxideFormation

DissolutionPrecipitation

Abrasion

Erosion

Deposition

Region k+1

Convection

Region k-1

Convection

Source term :

Fuel oxide

disseminationErosion

PARTICLES DEPOSIT

Deposition

ACTINIDES

Evolution under

neutron flux (chain

of 22 actinides)

Convection,

Purification

90Sr

SOLUBLES DEPOSITAdsorption

Desorption

Convection,

Purification

Fuel oxide

dissemination

Xe, Kr, I

SOLUBLES

Convection,

Purification

Defective rod

Tramp uranium

FP recoil

emission (90Sr)

Fuel oxide

dissemination

1

2

3

Release from pellets into free volumes

Transit in fuel-claddinggap

Release through defect

JUIN 2015

| PAGE 10






OSCAR Input/Output GUIs

Input data file (.xml)• Geometry

• Thermal-hydraulics

• Materials

• Neutronics

• Operating data

Input GUI (SALOME)

Output files (.csv)• Masses

• Activities

• Dose rates

• Mass rates

• Chemical data

• Thermal-hydraulic data

• Region characteristics

• Operating data

Output GUI (SALOME)

OS

CA

R



OSCAR Simulation of real PWR case

First 15 cycles of an EDF 900 MWe unit - Steam Generator Replacement during cycle 8

shutdown (SG tubing 600MA690TT)

OSCAR Input GUI: Operating data import from Excel files + Possibility of data smoothing

Operating parameters

Days

SGR

OSCAR run duration 15 h on a standard Linux PC


58Co

60Co

59Fe

54Mn

Good agreement between calculation and measurements

Surface activities calculated by OSCAR close to EMECC measurements

Calculated variations consistent with operational experience

SGR

SGR

SG tubingHot leg


OSCAR Simulation of real PWR case



OSCAR Output GUI

CurvePlot (SALOME 7)

o Need for improvements:

• Rename curve label

• Choose axes graduations

• Same order for Plot browser and tabs

• ….

Regression compared with Visu (SALOME 5)

Final figures using Excel (.csv files generated by output GUI)

Development of IVS (Python) in OSCAR output GUI

(Interface de Visualisation Synoptique)



OSCAR Output GUI - IVS

Direction de l’Energie Nucléaire

Département de Technologie Nucléaire

Service de Mesures et modélisation des Transferts et des Accidents graves

Laboratoire de Maîtrise de la contamination et de la chimie des Caloporteurs et du Tritium

Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives

Centre de Cadarache | 13108 Saint-Paul lez Durance Cedex

T. +33 (0)4 42 25 75 74 | [email protected]

Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial | RCS Paris B 775 685 019JUIN 2015

| PAGE 16

Thank you for

your attention

the oscar code: an unique tool for simulating …oscar originally developed for pwr modular code...

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