The Origins of The Origins of World War IIWorld War II

Standard 11.7 Students Standard 11.7 Students analyze America’s analyze America’s participation in WWIIparticipation in WWII

What’s going on in the world in What’s going on in the world in the 1930s?the 1930s?

HOT ROCHOT ROC

►Group Concept MapGroup Concept Map► Share as a classShare as a class

WWII

Europe After WWIEurope After WWI

► The Versailles The Versailles TreatyTreaty Germany forced to Germany forced to

sign “war guilt” sign “war guilt” clause and pay clause and pay reparations (32 reparations (32 billion)billion)

Limitations on Limitations on Germany’s militaryGermany’s military

Loss of all coloniesLoss of all colonies

The Rise of HitlerThe Rise of Hitler

► 1920: The Nazi Party 1920: The Nazi Party ((National Socialist National Socialist

German Workers' PartyGerman Workers' Party)) founded founded► Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler (1889-1945), a WWI veteran (1889-1945), a WWI veteran

*don’t write down*don’t write down 1923: Attempts a coup, spends year in 1923: Attempts a coup, spends year in

jailjail Writes Writes Mein Kampf Mein Kampf 1930: Nazi party second largest in 1930: Nazi party second largest in

Germany—appeals to middle class, Germany—appeals to middle class, farmers, veteransfarmers, veterans

1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of GermanyGermany

1934: Appointed Führer by his cabinet1934: Appointed Führer by his cabinet 1935: Violates Treaty of Versailles by 1935: Violates Treaty of Versailles by

building up militarybuilding up military

AppeasementAppeasement

► * don’t write down* don’t write down► 1938 Germany annexed 1938 Germany annexed

Austria with the Austria with the AnschlussAnschluss ((political unionpolitical union) and looks ) and looks toward the Sudetenland in toward the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia.

► France and Soviet Union had France and Soviet Union had alliances with Czechoslovakia, alliances with Czechoslovakia, but unprepared for war.but unprepared for war.

► 1938 Munich Agreement—1938 Munich Agreement—Hitler given the SudetenlandHitler given the Sudetenland

► "I believe it is peace for our time." --"I believe it is peace for our time." --ChamberlainChamberlain

Chamberlain and Hitler at the Munich Conference

British, July 1936 - by Sir David Low

Alliance System- *See MapAlliance System- *See Map►Allies:Allies:

Great Britain and Great Britain and France.France.

Later:Later:►U.S.U.S.►U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.►AustraliaAustralia►ChinaChina►Canada, etcCanada, etc

►Axis: Axis: Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany,

Fascist Italy and the Fascist Italy and the Empire of JapanEmpire of Japan

On August 23, 1939, On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Germany and the Soviet UnionSoviet Union signed signed the Molotov-the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Ribbentrop Pact.

British, October 1938 - by Sir David Low in "The Evening Standard"  Sack says "Deutshcland Uber Allies" (Germany over all) and the caption says "Europe can look forward to a Christmas of Peace - Hitler"

HomeworkHomework

► Reading--origins of the war 435-438. Reading--origins of the war 435-438. What are three commonalities between What are three commonalities between

Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler and Tojo? What Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler and Tojo? What was the tension between aggression and was the tension between aggression and appeasement?appeasement?

HOT ROC- HOT ROC- What is Dr Seuss’ Message?What is Dr Seuss’ Message?

Germany invades PolandGermany invades Poland► On September 1, 1939, On September 1, 1939,

Germany invaded Poland, using Germany invaded Poland, using the false pretext of a faked the false pretext of a faked "Polish attack" on a German "Polish attack" on a German border post. border post.

► 1940, the Germans invaded 1940, the Germans invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and Belgium, the Netherlands, and France using “blitzkrieg” France using “blitzkrieg” (lightning war).(lightning war).

Germany occupies ParisGermany occupies Paris

► June 22, 1940. French sign armistice.June 22, 1940. French sign armistice.

Summer of 1940: Summer of 1940: Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

Summer of 1941:Summer of 1941:Germany attacks the Soviet UnionGermany attacks the Soviet Union

*London

U.S. ResponseU.S. Response► Isolationism vs InterventionismIsolationism vs Interventionism

1936 Congress passes Neutrality Acts (prohibits 1936 Congress passes Neutrality Acts (prohibits selling of weapons to nations at war).selling of weapons to nations at war).

► FDR’s positionFDR’s position Sees Germany and Japan as threatsSees Germany and Japan as threats

► FDR Actions TimelineFDR Actions Timeline 1938 Asks Congress for $300 million1938 Asks Congress for $300 million 1940 Selective Service (Draft)1940 Selective Service (Draft) 1941 (January) Lend-Lease program to aid allies1941 (January) Lend-Lease program to aid allies 1941 Embargo against Japan1941 Embargo against Japan

►scrap metal sales, aviation fuel, all metals, chemicals, scrap metal sales, aviation fuel, all metals, chemicals, machine parts and anything that could be used for military machine parts and anything that could be used for military means means

Japanese militarismJapanese militarism► Read pgs 439-440Read pgs 439-440► Review:Review:► Imperial Japan in the 1930s was looking to Imperial Japan in the 1930s was looking to

become a world power.become a world power.► 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria and China in 1937.1931 Japan invaded Manchuria and China in 1937.► The United States and the United Kingdom The United States and the United Kingdom

reacted by reacted by making loans to China.making loans to China. providing covert military assistance, pilots and fighter providing covert military assistance, pilots and fighter

aircraft to Kuomintang China.aircraft to Kuomintang China. instituting increasingly broad embargoes of raw instituting increasingly broad embargoes of raw

materials and oil against Japan. materials and oil against Japan.

Japanese Japanese MilitarisMilitaris

mm

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

►December 7, 1941December 7, 1941► At 6am, 6 Japanese At 6am, 6 Japanese

carriers launched a carriers launched a first wave of 183 first wave of 183 planes.planes.

► Overall, 21 ships of Overall, 21 ships of the U.S. Pacific fleet the U.S. Pacific fleet were damaged and were damaged and the death toll the death toll reached 2,403.reached 2,403.

HWHW

►Homework: 1 paragraphHomework: 1 paragraph►2 options 2 options

Compare/contrast Pearl Harbor and 9/11Compare/contrast Pearl Harbor and 9/11 Could WWII have been prevented?Could WWII have been prevented?

U.S. Enters WarU.S. Enters War► December 8, 1941 FDR asks Congress for December 8, 1941 FDR asks Congress for

Declaration of war against Japan.Declaration of war against Japan.► Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.► After Pearl Harbor, a new selective service act After Pearl Harbor, a new selective service act

made men between 18 and 45 liable for military made men between 18 and 45 liable for military service.service.

► Army increases from 1.8 million in 1941 to 3.9 Army increases from 1.8 million in 1941 to 3.9 million by 1942million by 1942

What was the U.S. fighting What was the U.S. fighting for?for?

►Revenge?Revenge?► Ideals?Ideals?►A way out of the Great Depression?A way out of the Great Depression?►To defeat totalitarianism and fascism?To defeat totalitarianism and fascism?

FDR’s 4 FreedomsFDR’s 4 FreedomsSpeech to Congress on January 6, 1941Speech to Congress on January 6, 1941

► The first is freedom of speech and expression The first is freedom of speech and expression ► The second is freedom of every person to The second is freedom of every person to

worship God in his own way worship God in his own way ► The third is freedom from want The third is freedom from want ► The fourth is freedom from fear The fourth is freedom from fear

► Your task: Create an image and slogan for the Your task: Create an image and slogan for the “freedom” you are assigned. This should be “freedom” you are assigned. This should be pasted into your notebook.pasted into your notebook.

Ours…to fight forOurs…to fight for

Norman Rockwell, 1943

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from Fear

Freedom from Want

Europe 1939Europe 1939