the one water journey – water as a precious resource · 2018. 4. 2. · amit pramanik water...
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The One Water Journey – Water as a Precious ResourceAmit PramanikWater Environment & Reuse Foundation
Boise, IDThursday, June 22, 2017
• About WE&RF and our Water industry• Water – Energy – Food Nexus• The Utility of the Future and “One Water” • Where are we headed and some examples
•East Bay MUD, CA•Hampton Roads Sanitation District, VA•DC Water, DC
• Closing / Questions
Content
About WE&RF
Established 1989 Established 1993Merged July 2016
CORE PROGRAM ELEMENTS• Applied research in water and environment• Accelerating innovation and adoption of technology• Transferring knowledge• Setting an industry research agenda
Providing exceptional water research to advance science and technology
WE&RF Subscribers
Water Utilities – 74%
Corporations – 20%
Industry – 5%Other – 1% Subscribers in Idaho:
• City of Boise• HDR• CH2M• Carollo Engineers• Brown and Caldwell• Suez
Research Partners in Idaho(WERF Nutrient challenge) :• City of Coeur d’Alene• City of Hayden
• Water on Planet Earth
• Population Growth
• Drought and Water Scarcity
• Global Economy (W – E – F or F – E –W)
Water – Energy - Food
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Source: Population Education
Source: http://mashable.com/2014/07/18/urbanization-city-growth/
70% of Idahoans live in one of Idaho’s 200 cities(AIC, 2017)
• Globally, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas, with 54% of the world’s population residing in urban areas in 2014. In 1950, 30% of world’s population was urban, and by 2050, 66% of the world’s population is projected to be urban.
• Today, the most urbanized regions include Northern America (82% living in urban areas in 2014), Latin America and the Caribbean (80%), and Europe (73%). In contrast, Africa and Asia remain mostly rural, with 40 and 48% of their respective populations living in urban areas.
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf
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http://boisestatepublicradio.org/post/watering-idaho-one-chart-explains-last-100-years-eastern-snake-plain-aquifer#stream/0
Impact on Idaho- Agriculture- Aquaculture
The Fundamental Building Blocks of Global Economies
WaterFood
Energy
Global Water Use
70% Agricultural
20% Industrial
10% Residential
Global Water Use per Capita
The Water – Energy Nexus
Global Water Sector • Very large Global Energy
Footprint!• Uses over 7% of the world’s
energy demand!• Treatment & Transmission of
Drinking Water• Collection and Treatment of
“Used” Water• Conserving water conserves
energy!
The Energy – Water Nexus
Global Energy Sector • Uses 15% of the world’s
water demand!• The largest non-agricultural
Water Footprint• Wasting energy wastes
water• Fossil Fuel Refinery &
Nuclear Plant Operations – cooling, heating
Water Use for Power Generation, by Type
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Nuclear Oil Coal NaturalGas
Solar Wind
Litr
espe
r M
Wh
The Food – Water Nexus
Global Agricultural Sector
• Uses 70% of the world’s water demand!
• The largest Water Footprint of any sector
• Wasting food wastes water….and energy!
• 1/3rd of food is wasted: 1/3rd x 70% = 23% of water produced globally is wasted - just from food waste!
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Water Needed to Produce Food
Global Food Waste
Consumer 33%
Production & Distribution 67%
1. Decays in field/insect & pesticide damage
2. Spoils in transport to market/distribution
3. Spoils in market before purchased / “blemished”
4. Consumer buys too much, food spoils
5. Consumer prepares too large a portion and doesn’t eat all of it
6. Restaurant portions too large; most consumers do not request “doggie bag”
How is Food Lost/Wasted?
More facts about Water
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“Global”
“Local” – Specific to the USA
Linear “Take-Make-Waste” Model Unsustainable
“Utility of the Future”
PAST collect wastewater, move it quickly downstream, treat it to acceptable standards, and dispose of waste without harming the environment
FUTUREmanage resources to generate value for the utility and its customers, improve environmental quality with the least cost to the community, and contribute to the local economy
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WRRF –Water Resource Recovery Facility
Turning Waste Streams to Value Streams
re-N-E-W-able resource extraction (N – nutrients, E – energy, W – water)
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Journey to One WaterBreaking or converging silos
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http://www.capitalpress.com/Idaho/20161031/dixie-drain-phosphorus-removal-draws-interest
Dixie Drain ProjectPhoto taken by Steve Beberness in 2016 shows water leaving the Dixie Drain phosphorus removal facility on the right, compared with water in the Dixie Slough that hasn’t been treated. The project could set the stage for efforts to develop water quality trading programs that reward farmers for helping improve water quality. Credit: Sean Ellis/Capital Press
Photo credit:Haley Falconer, City of Boise, ID
Water Reuse
Water Reuse is an element of a diverse and resilient water management strategy.
• Drought
• Population growth
• Increased municipal, industrial, and agricultural demand
• Dependence on single source of supply
• TMDLs/Nutrient Load Caps
Factors Driving Water Reuse Today
“Water scarcity”
No one strategy can solve the future water needs of the state, so the portfolios include different mixes of strategies, such as conservation, reuse, agricultural transfers, and new water supply development.
Colorado Water Conservation Board, 2012
• 1972
• 2½ pages on Reuse (part of disposal)
• 2007• 1570 pages on Reuse
alone
Water Reuse
Recreational
Cooling
Agricultural
Industrial
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Direct and Indirect Potable Reuse
NEWater at Singapore
Orange County, California
El Paso, Texas
Direct Potable Reuse• Windhoek, Namibia (1968): 1st Direct
Potable Reuse in the World
• Initial: 1.1 million gal/day (MGD)
• Current: 5.5 MGD
GoreangabWater Reclamation Plant
Initial Treatment Plant Current Treatment Plant
Source: P. DuPisani
Direct Potable Reuse• First Direct Potable Reuse in the U.S.
and Texas
• Colorado River Municipal Water District, Big Spring, Texas (2013): 2.1 MGD treated effluent; Produces 1.6 MGD drinking water.
• Microfiltration
• Reverse Osmosis
• Advanced Oxidation: UV and Hydrogen Peroxide
Source: David Sloan, Freese and Nichols
Not examples of Direct Potable Reuse
Water Reuse: Global Progress• Israel reuses over 70% of its wastewater
• Singapore reuses 30% with plans to double that by end of 2060
• Australia reuses 8%, has a national goal of 30%
• U.S. reuses about 7% and growing– Agriculture
– Business and Industry
– Community
– Drinking – Indirect and Direct Potable Reuse
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https://www.werf.org/c/KnowledgeAreas/WaterReuse/ProductsToolsnonWERF/Global_Connections_Map_Reuse_101.aspx
Clean Water Services, OregonPure Water Brew
Clean Water Services, OregonPure Water Brew
Treatment plants become net energy producers…nutrient harvesters
Biogas Cogeneration
WASTE BIOGAS ELECTRICITY
http://www.appleton.org/
Co-Digestion!
• Renewable Electricity
& Heat• Fats, oils, grease• Organic “wastes”
• Clean gas and use as transportation fuel
Stevens Point, WI
Kobe, Japan – CNG Fleet
EBMUD BackgroundService Area
Main WWTP ~50 MGD
average dry weather flow
168 MGD capacity
650,000 WW customers
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EBMUD BackgroundExcess Digestion Capacity
11 in-service digesters
11 in-service anaerobic digesters (1.8 MG each)
Canneries facility was designed to serve: 20
Remaining canneries: 0
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R2 Program OverviewTrucked Waste
• Began accepting trucked waste in 2002
• 4,000 trucks/month
• 20 million gallons/month non-hazardous liquids
• Trucked wastes received 24-7, 365 days/year
SeptageReceiving$1M
Solid-Liquid Receiving$7M
Blend Tank Receiving$13M
2002
2004
2014
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R2 Program OverviewRenewable Energy Generation
• Savings of ~$2M on plant power costs
• Electricity export revenue of ~$1M/year
• First wastewater treatment plant in N. America to produce more electricity than plant demand
Three 2.2 MW engines
4.5 MW Turbine$13M
1985
2013
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R2 Program OverviewRenewable Energy Generation
% of WWTP demand met by onsite generation
After turbine= 100% + export
Before R2 = 40% - 50%
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Biogas ProductionHigh Strength Waste Contribution
~2/3 of biogas from R2 wastes
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Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD), VA Treatment Plants
Atlantic (54 mgd )
Virginia Initiative Plant (40 mgd)
Nansemond (30 mgd)
Boat Harbor (25 mgd)
Army Base (18 mgd)
Chesapeake Elizabeth (24 mgd)
Williamsburg (22.5 mgd)
James River (20 mgd)
York River (15 mgd)
West Point (.6 mgd)
Central Middlesex (.025 mgd)
Urbanna (.1 mgd)
King William (.05 mgd)
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• Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay• Harmful Algal Blooms• Localized bacteria impairments• Urban stormwater retrofits (cost and complexity)
• Adaptation to sea level rise• Recurrent flooding
• Depletion of groundwater resources• Including protection from saltwater contamination
• Wet weather sewer overflows• Compliance with Federal enforcement action
Water Issues Challenging Virginia and Hampton Roads
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• Treat water to meet drinking water standards and replenish the aquifer with clean water to:• Provide regulatory stability for wastewater
treatment• Reduce nutrient discharges to the Bay• Reduce the rate of land subsidence• Provide a sustainable supply of groundwater • Protect the groundwater from saltwater
contamination
Advanced Water Treatment
Future generations will inherit clean waterways and be able to keep them clean.
[email protected]://www.swiftva.com
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DC’s Blue Plains AWF BiosolidsFacility
Resource Recovery
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• Pay a third party ~$43/wt for full service contract (transport, land app, reporting) of Class B biosolids
• $19M/yr program cost =21% of the Blue Plains operating budget
• Delivered free to farmers
• Farmers value product at $300/acre (nutrients, lime, etc.), approximately $15/wt
• Nutrient rebate back to DC Water ($2/wt), $500K/yr designated for research and outreach.
• Value to farmers @ $15/wt, 1200 wtpd = $6,570,000/yr
• We do not extract this value
Past Economics of DC Water Biosolids Recycling Program
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Composted biosolids: “gateway” material for urban use (Class A)
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Blue Plains Garden & Compost Giveaway
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Urban Gardening Community Outreach
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Connecting with the DC Gardening Community
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Community Gardens
70+ comm. gardens & tree plantings in all 8 wards (430+ tons)765+ tons to employees and on-site
Casey Trees Donations
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Restoration Projects
New solids processing equipment: Anaerobic digesters and thermal hydrolysis
Positive feedback from Virginia biosolidsopponents
First sale, first check
First bagged product sales
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WRRF –Water Resource Recovery Facility
Turning Waste Streams to Value Streams
Journey to One Water
AcknowledgementsRobbin FinchCity of Boise, ID
Raj BhattaraiCity of Austin, TX
Ed McCormickprevious WEF President, McCormick Strategic Water Management, LLC
Chris PeotDC Water, DC
John HakeEast Bay Municipal Water District, Oakland, CA
Ted HenifinHampton Roads Sanitation District, VA
Amit Pramanik, PhD, BCEEMChief Innovation & Development [email protected]
Thank you for listening!