No. 684. Vol. LVIII of Whole Series. Price 6d. ----p-p----- -

- l l ! -1 I

The i l l I

' Geological Magazine 1 011

nnoltthIy 3orlrltni ot' Gc'r?Iog\~. V I L E 1 !3XT<II F5 !h< C ! l < l <! l t t l l b

T H E GEOLOGISI

I ~ , ~ c , I , ,l \\ 1 ~ 1 : 1 1 ~ ~ 1 1 : \ . 1 ' : I . 1'' I : . + S I I : , l l ~ ~ ' l ~ l l l ~ O , I . E. 'YI::\IJld, Sc.D., B1,I<.S I I 1 I I \ ' I ( ' I l . 1 ' 1 1 1 , . R l . l \ , , ' r . R I . ~ \ l . 1'1~01~'. \Y. TV. l\'A?'TS. Sc.Il., B.R.S. I * I , , , I ~ , l l , l l , \ l : l : , > ~ , . l l . , l".l:.S HlBNIlW TVOODS, h l . A . . F.K.9.

A . ShllTIf \VOOl)\VAItS). LL.D.. F . 1 t . S .

- P-- . -

JUNE, 1921.

I I I : I I . I \ ( I . An'rIcr.Es. 1 ' 1 , I , I I , I I I I I Z I I I I ' :~~.:~-Gneisses in

; i f m t ~ l l ~ h11 I I , I ~ I : L . By C. E. l I I \ \ 1 1 1 1 l'late 111 and ' I 1 ' 6 :I 1 1 , . i ........................ 251

,411 I I I I I I I I I I . (,I (Ilrinese Geology.

REVIETTS (coilti~zzied). Page Igneous Rocks in S. Austr:~lin. ...... 280 , I lopographic Maps ..................... 281 The Srimnngnl Eartliqunlre ......... 281 Lead Ores ............................. 282 'Geology of Mesopotamia ............ 282 The Mineral Industry ............... 284 Cherts in California .................. 284 Foraminifera in Canada ............ 285

I \ \ . I :: I , I , I ~ ..................... 259 ' 1 ' 1 1 t I , o ~ I ( ' : I ! Ito:~il'crous Cherts of 1 REPORTS *.D PROCEEDINGS.

1 1 4 I 111 I I I I ~ . I:\. 11. C. SARGENT. / Liver~001 Geological Society ...... 286 1 ' 1 ' 1 , 1 1 1 1 ht I ........................... 279 1 Editor's Note ........................... 288

L. F. Spnth-Ammonites fronz Spitsbergen. 297

On Ammonites from Spitsbergen. By L. B. SPATH, M.Sc., B.G.S.

OlT t 1 1 ~ rich collections of fossils made by Professors J. W. Gregory ilnd E. .J. Garwood, as members of Sir Martin Conway's

cbsl)('(lit,ion to Spitsbergen in 1896, only a few Labyrinthodont rc!~lr;~ins, so far, have been desoribed 1 ; but through the kind offices of I)r. A. Smith Woodward, the writer some time ago was entrusted ~ r i t h t'he naming of the Cephalopoda in those collections. The Ammonites are of the greatest interest, both from a palzeontological and a stratigraphical point of view ; and in vicw of the impossibility of publishing, in the near future, a full descript,ion of the fauna, with the necessary number of plates, it is intc!ncIotl t o give a short preliminary account of these Cc]~l~:~lo~,odi~. 11, is ~ ~ ~ ; l t , t e r for regret that other groups of invc~rf,c!l~ri~t~(! I ' O N N ~ ~ S , s11(.11 ~ L S the Triassic Pelecypoda, or the U J ~ N : ~ J111'11,ssic: A ~ l ( ~ ' l l i ( l i i , (-o111c1 r~ot, dcalt with, and their detailnd ~ t ,~ i ( ly , I I ~ I I I I I L I ) ~ ~ , W O I I I ~ yi(*l(l itt~ltort~ii,r~t 1,esults. Spitsbcrgcrl VOI '~O~)I ' IL~II . , O I I b l ~ c ! ot,I~(br I I ~ L I I ( ~ , i ~ l w i ~ y ~ l~avc reccived considc:~-:~l~lt! r~t~l,c~r~f~ior~."

' I ' l ~ t ~ ~ c:oll(~c~tiot~x inc:l~itlc 325 Ari~nlonites from the Lower and Middle Trii~s, but there are no Upper Trias forms, such as the Carnian Nathorstites and Dawsonites, which are common enough on Bear Island, and which also have been recorded from Spit~bergen.~ Triassic Nautiloidea are only represented by three examples of Orthoceras, one from the Lower Triassic " Nodule bed ", another (without label) associated with an indistinct impression of an Arctoceras 2, and the third from a black limestone that may be of Middle Triassio age. .

Two fragmentary examples of ~ t ra l t i t e s sp, ? probably 'are. the " Belem~ites ", mentioned in bed E, of Professor bregoryls section I, but there was no label witb these specimens, though they were associated with Ammonites from Trident, Sassendal.

Thirty-one Ammonites are of Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian t,o Purbeckian) age, and a few fragments of Belemnites are rc~fcrred to the same age. Finally, there are nine Cretaceous Al~~ll~onites, two of which can more or less definitely be dated as

I h. Smith Woodward, " On Two New Labyrinthodont Skulls of the genera I ' i r l ~ i / ( ~ . r i r ~ r r ~ ~ s and Aphaneramma" : Proc. 2001. Boc., vol. ii, 1E04.

:! 1'or I~~l)liographies see e.g. C. Wiman, Bull. aeol. Inst. Univ. Upaala, vol. .\ V I . I!)l9, p. 85, and..E. Andersson Stensia, ib., p. 80.

C V I I , ~ I ' I I I I I I ~ ~ , P v., " Ub. einige Trias. Fossil. v. Spitzbergen " : Trav. MIIA. (h!,rl. 1 ' i i . r ~ ~ le Grand, vol. iv, 1910, p. 38. The Upper Triaa seems to be devo l~~~ , i~ t l tal~it.lly on the eastern side of S~itabergen. It may be mentioned in t ,h in I ! ~ I I I I ~ ~ X ~ ~ I I that a collection of fossils, made this summer (1920) by Mr. W. .I. I{I),YIIOI~I~, and lately presented to the British Museum, includes a numl)~.r I , ( R l i ~ l l l l ~ - 'I'riassic Ammonites from eissen Bay and Bell Sound, S~itsb('r~o1.011 ; 11111) 1)0t11 Upper and Lower Trias are unrepresented by Ammonit,tt~ I l l l ~ I I H (.oll~,(,tion.

4 A ar!,p~i.i,rn.~ ? t~i,r~lo~r.~l,.jiildi, Lindstriim sp., from " ~es t /o f Fortress " near Cape H t l ~ ~ l . ~ i t i ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ , CZ'VXL of Green Harbour, is in the Reynolds Collection.

298 L. F. Spath-Ammonites f rom Spitsbergelz.

Valanginian, whereas the others are doubtfully referred to the Albian. The stratigraphical information supplied unfortunately consists only of the data here copied froln thc labels attached to the specimens. The localities are mentioned in Sir Martin Conway's well-known book, The First Crossing of Spitsbe~gen,~ and mostly recorded on the map appended to that work and to his paper in the Geographical J o ~ r n a l . ~ Since the mineral wealth of S~~itsbergen is now attracting considerable attentioq3 it may I)o hoped that additional material and more ext.ensive stratigraphical observations will soon be available.

After this paper was completed, Professor J. W. Grogory kindly sent the writer his " Note on the Sequence across Centr;~l Spits- bergen, from Advent pay to Agardhs Bay ", published hercwitl~, so that it has been possible to insert some references to the hcds mentioned in Professor Gregory's sections. But in view of the fact that some of the specimens were collected from loose blocks, that there are differences in the nomenclature that the writer is unable to settle, also that most of the specimens collected by Professor E. J. Garwood, especially the Jurassic ones, come from other localities, a complete list of the Ammonites, arranged according to the sections mentioned by Professor Gregory, cannot be given. The table a t the end of the chapter on the Triassic portion of the Ammonite fauna, however, is an attempt a t a correlation for that period.

1. T I ~ ~ A S S I ( * . Thc grc:at, 111:~jot.it.y of , l t ~ ~ t i ~ o t ~ i t , ~ b ~ I I I ' I O I I K ( ' I ) t f I 1 t * 1,11\va~r 'I'I'~IIs,

and CII,II I N S I ~ I ~ I ' I ~ ~ I Y ~ I I I I I ~ , I I I * I'111111\vittg p b ~ ~ ~ a r ~ t : i~~rc~loc~c~t~cts ' I 1 t , ~ o ~ ~ ~ / e ~ , ~ Olor~c~X~i/c,s ! :I trtrsihit~i/~,s F l ~ ~ ~ t t ~ ~ t ' t ~ ~ / t ' / ~ ~ . ~ ! lic,!/sc,t~lit~!/i(rs G'?jror~ ilf~s ? (i1.11. r~ov. (Danubites 2 , Gorriot1isc.11~ Xenodiscus ?) Telleri~cs Prosphingites ?

The last two I L ~ V r . c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~ c ~ ~ l t ~ c ~ t I by 100 and 66 specimens respectively ; Arctoceras by 82. 'J'l~tb 1 1 1 . t ~ t ~ c : r . genus includes, in addition to a number of less definitely itl(br~ l , i l i :~ . l~lo species, seven forms described by

1897, J. M. Dent & (b., I,o~ltlon. Vol. ix, No. 4, April, lX!)i, 111). 3513-68, map, p. 472. See "Recent Devclu~~~t~~~rrts in Spitsbergen", by Dr. R. N. Rudnrose

Brown : Scott. Geogr. Mu!]., vol. xsxvi, April, 1920, No. 2, pp. 111-16 ; aleo the Rame author's " The (:cl~~I-fields of Spitsbergen " : Nature, October 9, 1919. The summer population of Spit'sbergen (1919) is estimated at 1,000.

Hyatt, 1900 (in Zittel's Text-book of Pulceontology, vol. i, p. 559), non Arctoceras, J . Bohm, 1899 (" b. Trjad. Foss. v, d. Baren-Insel " : Zeit. Dezhch. Geol. Gm., v:!. li, p. 326). In 1904 3. B6bm b b. d. Obertriad. Fauna d. Baren-Insel : Kon. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xxxvii, No. 3, 1903, p. 61) withdrew his Arctoceras in favour of Hyatt's term, and replaced it by another generic name for his Carnian group.

L. F. Spat1~-A~znzonites f rom Spitsbergen. 299

Mojsisovit~~,' n:~~~lt:ly Arctoceras polare (Mojs.), A. simplez (Mojs.), A. whitoi (Mojs.), A. blomstrandi (Lindstrom), A. lindstromi (Mojs.) 2, 11. dbwgi (Mojs.), A.? costatum (fiberg). A number of.

N I I I I L I I ~ l ~ ~ ~ t . i r ~ l e n s , more evolute than the large examples, have lai1~:r:~1 f oltls, or almost a spiniplicate ornament ; but they occur wit,h tl~t: young of undoubted Arctoceras, and, apparently, are tro~~tictc.tcd with these by transitional forms. This may only be a .(:ILH(: of convergence, for it is improbable that a. spiniplicate develop- I I I ( : I I ~ would give rise'to forms that acquire costation on the outer whorl, as does Arctoceras. Only the smooth and more involute young, therefore, are considered to belong to Arctocerns. The others are like the young of " Ceratites" decipiens Mojsisovics, and of Olenekites, e.g. 0. sigmatoideus, Mojsisovics sp. The latter also resemblethe youngof forms referr7dto below as gcn. nov. (Danubites?, Xenodiscus 1 ) and Mojsisovic~s 3 clc!rivc~s Dan,ubites fro111 Olenekites. The small forms, hrrc: ( : O I I I I ) : L P ( ~ wit,h Olcrtekites, howevcr, have a smooth ventral area, W~L(: I '~>ILH i l l t l ~ c gen. nov. t l l~ re arc co~lstriction~ across the ventc:r, :~111):~rc!ntly arising from a spiniplicate ornament. I t is iniposail)lc to say a t present whether Arctoceras should be attaa11c:d to Dknarites (in Mojsisovics), to Olenekites and Keyserlingites (in Hyatt), to Flemingites (in Philippi), or to Meekoceras (in Stolley).

The writer may add that a true spiniplicate Olenekites in the British Museum is distinguished from the small forms here discussed by its square saddles, characteristic for Dinaritids.

Four specimens consist of umbilical impressions of very large .

shells, probably A. ZindstrGmi, Mojsisovics sp. ; their matrix indicates the Posidonomya shales. Fifteen examples are merely impressions in more or less weathered slabs of rock. But, whereas the well- preserved specimens 'and the umbilical casts above referred to ~,ll~:l,lly come from the Posidonomya shales4 and generally are t~.sso~'i:~ f , ( ~ l with numerous examples of Posidonomya rnimer ~ b e r g , t,It(~s(' i I I I l I I . I ~ S S ~ ~ ~ I S are preserved in a very fine-grained black lime- S ~ ~ O I I O , \ ~ ~ ~ ~ i t t ~ l ~ l ~ l ~ i ~ ~ ~ y(%llow, and including (besides ? Hmnesia) large, N I I I I I I I I ~ I ~ 1'sr~1trlr1111~111rh of thc type of P. (Claraia) decidens (Bittner)5

" h 1,1&1 I H ~ I A I . ' I ' I ~ I I I H ~ I I I I I I ~ . I I " : , l l d i ~ ~ . Acad.. Imp. Sci. St. Pdtersbourg, ser. vrr, v t ~ l , X \ \ I I I . N o , (1. l N N f 1 , 1111. 2 ! ) :!X.

N I U I ' ' . I r ( . /o , . t , r ,~~~ ' ' l i r ~ , / , ~ l r i > ~ i ~ i . .I. l3iihm in ,T. G. Andersson (" b. d. Ul,rt&l,~gr, I I I ~ I I ' ~ ' ~ ~ I ~ I ~ I I I I I L 11. I { I ~ ~ I * I I - 111sc~I " : Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsah, v a ~ l . I \ , . I HII I I , 1 1 1 , i ~ , N o . X ( Il)llO), 11. LM), a Nuthorstites, that hasnothing to (10 W I I , I I 1,111, l , I I W I , ~ 'l'r111wHi1. d l r ~ l ~ t i ~ ~ 8 r ( i t ~ lind8tr6mi (Mojsisovics).

fl f:r.h. 11. Ilitll.vlitll. S I I ~ I ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I ~ I I ~ ~ , 1902, p. 329. 4 01, r t i l . l ~ a ~ ~ , 11.0111 I I I I I I ~ H ~ I ~ I I C - I I O ( I I I ~ ~ S in the bituminous, marly sl~:alr~, ~ n o ~ l , l y

wrotlply r t ~ f ~ * t . r a ~ ~ I 1 0 I I I l i I t .r i~t~~r~ as " Posidonomya Kalk ", as IIILN !II'I!II ~ ) o i ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ l ou t I J ~ I ' r t ~ l t ~ n n c ~ r ~ V I I I I I I I I (" Illin panr Labyrinthodontenrct~t~~ 11,. 11. ' l 'ri~in S111l.r borgenn " ! / l ~ ~ l I , //,,,,l. / I I ~ / . i / r ~ i t ~ . [Jpsula, vol. ix , ( l!)OS 1)). l I ) 1 0 , 11. 3 1 1, Movt I I ~ Ll l t* H ~ I I I V I I I I I V I H I L ~ V f1.0t11 " N(ldtl10 Bed. B n ~ o of ' I ' r i t l ~*~~ l~ , SILHN~~IIIIILI " ; Chrau nxltni 1 l t 9 w 1111ly I - I I I I I I . Fro111 I I I W C S ~ l i r l ~ t of I I O I I I I I I - * " OP I ' I ,owI .HI~ I ~ I I I I ~ . . stone" or1 bi t . R ~ I L ~ I I I I I S I ' .

6 " Trlaw I ~ I , I L I ' I I . IY' I . I I I I I I ~ I I . " : ,11,,111. //1,01. St(r11. f~l,Iitl. 1'111. I j ~ ~ l i ( , i ~ , nttr. X V ,

Himal. Fona,, V I I I . 1 1 1 , 111,. 1 1 , I N f I I ) , 111. i , l i ~ . 24,

300 L. li: Spath-Ammonites from Spitsbergesz. L. p. ,$'/JU ( / I - - ,2?)znzo?zites from Spitsbergen. 301

or of P . (Claraia) aurita (Hauer) in Diener.l These slabs are labelled " Lower Lamellibranch zone ", Trident, but a few are from Sticky Keep, and there called " Upper Flags " ( 5 Calcareous Flags, Bed above nodules 'l). The presence of iron-pyrites in the latter, however, is reminiscent of the calcareous Arctoceras nodules in the Posidonomya shales, and the rock is hard, whereas the somewhat similarly weathering examples from the " Upper Lamellibranch zone ", with a very large Pseudornonotis (Eumicrotis), generally have a more earthy, brownish appearance. One Arctoceras impression, merely labelled " Sassendal", may have come from this higher zone, but it is for future workers to investigate the range of Arctoceras in the shales and flags above the " Nodule bed ".

A specimen of Arctoceras blomstrandi (Lindstrom) was attached to the umbilical impression of a very large shell, characterized by sbrong spiral ornament, on account of which the specimen is doubtfully referred to Flemingites. The longitudinal striation in this genus, however, is considerably finer than it is in the Spitsbergen example ; and the writer a t one time was inclined to compare this specimen with certain Phloioceras and othw Nautiloidea. It seems most probable, however, that the example is a Plemingites, though spiral striation is also indicated in certain Arctoceras.a Another specimen of Arctoceras and numerous Posidonomya mimer are to be observed in the same specimen.

Two of the specimens referred to Goniodiscus are closely comparable with Meekoceras gr~.oiliWis White,s but the periphery js slightly broader. Young examples of the same form, however, liavc the costation of Anasibirites, and are so nearly related to the forms here referred to that genus, to Priorzites and to Tellerites, that the resemblance to the genus Meekoceras (with perfectly smooth inner whorls) can only be a case of convergence. The suture-line of this new species of Goniodiscus agrees with that of G. typus Waagen,' but the external saddle is a little wider in the Spitsbergen form. The latter also has a narrower and more sharply defined periphery.

Another new species of Goniodiscus has coarse pleats a t the middle of the side, near the end of the shell, and thus is transitional to

" Triassic Faune of Kashmir " : Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Pal. Indica, N.s., vol. v, Ifem. No. 1, 1913, pl. v, fig. 9.

E.g. A. .?bergi (Mojsisovics), loc. cit., p. 33, pt. viii, fig. 3. Geratites concen,tricics Oberg (" Om Trias-Porst. fr. Spitsbergen " : K. Svenska Vet: Akad. Handl., vol. xiv, No. 14, 1877, p. 15, pl. ii, fig. 12) has concentric markings, but Mojsisovics (10~. cit.. U. 8). who examined the tvae. states that thev a.re the r e sd t of crushmg. T; judge by a number of spec~mens In the ~ e ~ A o l d s Collection, this form 1s a crushed Ptychite.~ of the Dno~ella Beds.

In Hyatt & S m ~ t h , " The T r ~ a s s ~ c Ceph. Can. of America" Prof. Paper No. 40, U.S. Geol. Surv., 1905, 11 143, p]. x11, figs. 7-9. D;.. C. T. Trechmann lately presented t o the Br i t~sh Museum (Nat. Hist.) a very fine serles of Trlasslc Ammon~tes from Cal~forn~a, Nevada, and Idaho, U.S.A., incloding many topo-types of Hyatt & Sm~th 's species.

" Salt Range Fossils 11. Foss~ls from the Ceratite Formation " : M e n . Geol. Suru. India, Pal. Indicn, ser. XIII, 1895, p. 128, pl. IX, figs. 7-10.

Priort i1r.s. A tjllil.ll forlll, a t last, has these Prionites-folds very close, rescull llli I I ~ i II S ~ I : L ~ ) C Anasibirites hircinus Waagen sp.,l but with the cos1,11r 111.c11lo111ic.cd only a t the middle of the side, not near the pc:ri l~l~c%ry. 'I'lle cross-sections of the last two forms approach to tllr1.1~ or IJrionites tuberculatus Waagene2

A 11c:w species of Prionites is like the above in the character of t l ~ t : irlrlcr whorls. These somewhat reseiiible Meekoceras sibiricum Mojsisovics,3 but are more evolute, i.e. more like M. sp. ind. aff. jo1,inkense Krafft in Diener.4 On the other hand, the outer whorl agrees with that of the example of Prionites tuberculatus (Waagen), figured by Frech.6 The periphery, however, still suggests the Goniodiscus-Alzasibirites stock ; and since Waagen's type of Prionites is a much earlier form, it is quite possible that the forms of the Stephanites-zone do not belong to this genus. A large but fragmentary specimen of a Prionites sp, nov. aff. tuberculatus Waagen, has a inore rounded outer whorl that strihcngly suggests a transition to Keyserlingites.

A small specimen, probably belonging to a new form of Tellerites, but slightly malformed and not showing the suture-line, has the sigmoidal ornament of T. furcatus (Oberg), but the deeply channelled periphery of Hedenstrasmia already a t the diameter of Mojsisovics' small specimen: which latter, then, is still rounded. ,This ammonite, also, cannot be separated from the other " Meekdceras "-like forms here discussed, and certainly has nothing to do with the Middle Wrisweic Norites, with which Tekrites ham been associated by Mojsisovics and Haug.

The genus Anasibirites is represented by thirteen examples from the Nodule Bed of the Trident, Sassedal, including one curious new form, transitional to Gortiodiscus, and others comparable with such species as A. ibex (Waagen), A. angulosus (Waagen), and A. spiniger (Krafft). Several more small examples are attached to 1t1.1.z~ specimens of Keyserlingites, of which the collection includes I I ~ IIV li II(, ckxamples, belonging to a new species, near to K. middendorj ( l l I ) . The Spitsbergen form, however, has a simpler suture- li1118, \vi l , l~ o11Iy bifid external lobe.

'1'111. 1111 I I I ( ' I ' 0 l I H sl)vcimens here referred to Prosphingites ? include l 1 1 1 ~ . 1,~ !::is 111. l \ , liz. 1:

I I I . , 11. OX* 111. t . Iiq, 2. I,II,*, VII,.. ltLW\, 11. X~I, !)l. XI, figs. 1-6. I,III., I,II,., l l~ l : l , 1). Y), 1)l. Iv, fig. 3. I , c~ / / I ~ I~~J (/~,I)!/II. : l l . hlt~~o~,oi(: ; vol. i, Trias, pt. ii, 1905, pl. xxviii, fig. 2.

b l , t ~ t~ . I-I(,,. I %XI;. 111. S, fig. 1%-b, p. 80. 6berg7s original figurc (Ior. cil'., j ~ l , 111, fig. (I) IN 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 111.11.1'(~1. the new form.

1 l I I I I I , l i t , l . iii, p. 8 The form figurrtl rb~~ll cl~~.c(~ril)c~(l by I)II~IIIII. (" ' 1 ' 1 1 1 ~ l ' I ~ I ~ I I I I I O ~ I ~ ~ I I I of the Muschelkalk " : ,WCJII. (Jr'ol. Strrrl. I~rrlirt, PI^, ~ I ~ ~ ~ I I , I I , *t<br, K v , l l i~nr~Ir~.van Fossils, vol. ii, T r i ~ ~ n , 11t8, 11, l W 5 , 11. !!N, pl. V, fly. 7 ) [I* ('r~rr~/i/,.v YII. in~ l . c.x aff. 6'. ~rrid~lr~~rrlrrr/i ( I < ~ . ~ n c * r l l ~ l ~ ) ~I.( I I I I t l ~ h MuBPI~RII~ILII~, I~l iv IIIN I l l~ t l< l l~ , 'I'rir~~ric! Bihiri11,n ~~rrtl~l~ttlrr (II).. 11. 37, 111. vii, fig.R),hrrvn I I I I I~I I I I I~ 1 ' 1 IIII wilil, t,I1(6 I row~~r r l ' r i ~~nu i~~ lor111m 110ro (IIMI'IIRRI~~~. 'I'IIo~I* is not 0110 MIIRI~IIV~~LIIII~ ~ I I ~ I I I fo1111t1 111 ICHRIII~IILLI~II WILII t,l113 It\tilrr 111 Sl~~l~l)~qrgnn.

302 L. E: Spath-Ammonites from Spitsbergen. L. F. Spath-Ammovzites f rom Spitsbergen. 3 0 3

several new forms, externally resembling such species as Nannites herberti Diener and N. hilzdostanus Diencr,l but with toothed lobes. Prosphingites austeni Hyatt & Smith has a similar suture- line, but is too involute ; on the other hanci, some of the specimens greatly resemble the inner whorls of Prospl~,in,gites czekanowskii Mojsiso~ics,~ though in this form, as also in Pnrnn,annites nspenensis Hyatt & Smith,4 the external lobe is too cornplicat,c:d! The radial folds and pseudo-constrictions of some examplos t~rc: pronounced ; other forms are quite smooth and globose, but thcy ctgrttc: in suture- lines. Only one example was attached to a typical Arc-toceras, but many small specimens came out of the matrix of a largc. . S )ecimen of A. lindstrami (Mojsisovics) from "lowest line of nodu1t:s in flags, 400-460 feet above camp, Mt. Marmier ".

The numerous forms referred to above as gen. nob. (Danubites ?, Xenodiscus ?) belong to a group of which " Dimrites " evolutus Waagen," and Ceratites minutw Diener [non Diwrktes minutus Waagen] probably are examples. The former has been compared with Bittnerites, and also with Xenodiscus, and some forms referred to the latter genus by Diener, e.g. X. cf. lissarensis Diener and8 X. comptoni Diener; indeed, greatly resemble the later forms. But the Spitsbergen Ammonites, probably, are nearly related to Danubites, e.g. D. hyperboreus (Mojsisovics), and t6 Olenekites, though the constrictions and coarse folds of the inner whorls some- what resemble the Middle Triassic Cuccocerns. Again, thc notched periphery of some of the moro involr~to forrr~n l~an tl~c! rtI)pc:a,runc:c of that of Anasibirites r:eratitoitles ( W I I , I L ~ ~ ~ I I ) , ~ " 1)11tr ~ , I I ( * H I I ~ , I I I ' ~ ~ - ~ ~ I ~ ( ~ of t l ~ e whole group is vory c:losc: t.0 t , l l r ~ t , or t,hcb for111 cI~!~(nr.il)~vl 11s Xenuspis marcoui by IIy:~t,t & S ~ ~ r i t , l ~ . ~ l 'l'I118r(: i~ 11,) rc~sc:~~ibla~lce to the Indian forms of Xenodiscus, with 11:~t~tt~nod pcriplicry, in the British Museum Collections,nor to the forms of Xenodiscus, recorded with Paratirolites and Stephanites from Djulfa by Stoyanow,12 and supposed to corre- spond with those of the Himalayan Hedenstrmmia-beds.

On the whole, then, the group is, perhaps, closer to the Arctic

" The Cephalopoda 'of the Lower Trias " : loc. cit)., Himalayan Fossils, vol. ii, pt. i, 1897, pp. 68, 69, pl. vii, figs. 2, 3.

Loc. cit., 1905, p. 72, pl. vii, figs. 1-4. Loo. cit., 1886, p. 64, pl. xv, figs. 10-12. Loc. oit., 1905, p. 51, pl. viii, figs. 1-15 ; pl. lxxiii, figs. 1-30. Proaphingites ali Arthaber (Albania, 1911, pl. xxii, fig. 6) has a simiIar

external lobe, but the saddles and lobes are only about half as high in the Spitsbergen species. Paramnnites mediterraneus Arthaber (ib., pl. xviii, fig. g), on the other hand, has quite a different suture-line.

IAOC. cit., 1895, p. 32, pl. X, fig. 3. " Triad. Ceph. Fauna d. Ostsibir. Kiistenprovinz " : Ni16m. Corn. Gdol.

St. Pdtersb., vol. xiv, No. 3. 1895, p. 15, pl. ii, fig. 6. Loc. cit. (Kashmir, 1913), p. 5, pl. i, fig. 11. Ib.,p. lO,pl.ii, fig. 7. Loc. cit., 1895, p. 116, pl. viii, fig. 10.

l1 Loc. cit., 1903, p. 116, pl. vii, figs. 26-33. l2 " Op the Character of the B o n n d a ~ of Palaeozoic and llesozoic near

Djulfa : Verh. Russ.- Kais. NM Ges., eer. 11, vcl. xl:rii, 1909, pp. 86, 87.

Danubitcs t11;~n t,o any other development, and it should be mentioned that WILIL~(~I I 'S D.? evolutus also is associated with Anasibirites. Tlio yollng of some of the S~itsbergen forms also resemble the cxrl~~~l~l(b figu~ed bp Diener 1 as Dnnzcbites nov. sp. ind., with evolute wl~orlw, 11:rr;~bole-like costa, and constrictions 1ikeDiener's Ag. 7a. Only t,l~c. suture-line in this form of Dnlzubites has the external 1ol)tt hut-divided, whereas in the Spitsbcrgen group it is entire, lilic. that of Ceratites rninutus Diener non Waagen. The largest ~pwilnen of the group, a form very near to D.? evolutus Waagen, attains a diameter of 70 mm.

Apart from over ninety specimens of thin group of Dalzubites 1 the collections include some more or less ur~itlclltifiable impressions of similar Ammonites in a blucnk li~r~c~ntorlc~, pohsibly from the " Lower Lamellibranch zona " ; c~lso uo~rlo in rr soft,c*r, more brownish rock that may belong to tho " flags I ~ ~ O V O the nodulr 1)ed ", with the large ribbed Pseurlornonotis. It ~llotrltl IN! 111(:ntion~d, however, that according to Hl,oll(ay,a e vcrry I~ul.tl, ul)li~~t~c*l.y l i~~~t~st ,onc~ occurs in large nocinlou nl)ovcs !,l111 IJoxitlonowr?j~ UIIILII.H. Htollcy would inclu(2c: t,lliu in 1,l1(. Irow(8r M ~ ~ ~ ( ~ h ( ~ l l < t ~ l k , I L I I C ~ co~~sjdc~rs Arctoceras linrL,~tro,rr? 1~11tl A . csost(~ttr~tt to bcilong to this bed. But the large spoc.i~rlcn of A. lividstronzi, referred to above, from the " lowest line of nodules in flags, 400-450 feet above camp, Mt. Marmier ", has Posidonomya attached to the matrix, and the writer cannot separate it from the fauna of the Posidonomya nodules. The impreaeiona referred to reprwnt evolute more or lees emooth shells, and their attribution to Danzlbites, of course, is quite uncertain. One specimen in a soft, dark shale resembles Meekoceras (Gyronites) nathorsti J. Bijhm,' but the periphery is not shown.'

Two specimens require special mention. They were discovered, accidentally, in what almost is a bone-bed, among portions of Labyrinthodonts and Ccelacanthid fish-remains, associated with Posidonomya, to judge by other specimens, and undoubtedly of the age of the Posidonomya shales. One of these specimens is a crushed and incomplete example of ? Gyronites, comparable with G. nplanatum (White),6 which also has been recorded from the Arctoceras bed by Stolley ; the other is a fragment, resembling " Danubites " strongi Hyatt & SmithT in its a n p b r periphery, in ornament, and in evolution, but having the lateral folds a little closer.

l Lac. cit., (1895, Ostsibir.), pl. i, fig. 7. ? " Zur Kenntn. d. Arkt,. Trias" : N. Jb., vol. i, 1911, p. 122. :' " c ~ b . Trias Vcrstein. v. Bell-Sunde auf Spitzberaen " : Ark-iv f. ZOO^.,

t ,I\ \ 111, 1913, No. 2, p. 11, pl. i, figs. 17-19. - -

I " I < , I I ~ Professor Gregory's section I it will be seen &at there are 600 feet g ~ f 11111, I ( HIIILICS and yellow flags (from which these Danubitecr maX have come) 111.1 W I < I ~ ~ I 111, ~~ntloubtedly Lower Tria!sic 'Nodule Bed " l C ~ l rudd the probably h l ~ ~ l ~ l l r s '1'1 I I I H ~ I I . " Earthy Limestone (D1).

H I I I ~ I I \ $ 1 1 I Ri. Srnlth, loo. cit., 1905, p. 146, pl. xi. "I,III,, 1 a i 1 . 1 \ 1 1 I , 11. 123, pl. ix, fig. 5. 1 I,IIV. VII,, lt1or). 1). 165, pl.ix, figs.4-10.

One slab from the " Nodule bed " of the Trident, Sassendal, full of Posidonomya mimer, and containing; in addition to Arctoceras, a fragment of one of the species of thc gen. nov. (Danubites 'l), also includes a portion of what Dr. A. Smith Woodward considers to be Belonorhynchus wimani A. Smith W0odward.l The writer, a t first, thought that these plentiful Danubites 1 miglit 1)c what Wiman 2 calls the commonest Ceratite of the " fish-bed ". Other fish-remains in the British Museum (Acrolepis), and sonie Ccc1:~c;lnthid remains associated with Arctoceras and Posidonomya ~ n i t n ~ r , also are preserved in the black limestone that must have come fr.0111 nodules in the Posidonomya shales. Rut only a few isolated hpccimens of Danubites ? are found associated with Arctoceras and Posic(o?~omya, whereas the nodules in which these Danubites ? occur in cluhters are crowded with a very convex Pseudomonotis. This also characteriees the matrix of Anasibirites and Keyserlingites, but it does not seem to be found in the slabs with Posidonomya mimer, where a less convex and smoother form (still of the P. bmeas type) rarely occurs.

Professor Wiman recorded his Labyrinthodont remains from the lower part of the Posidonomya shales of Mt. Marmier, and thought that the " fish-bed", not quite a t the base of the Triae, might not represent the exact horizon from which Mojsisovics' Arctoceras fauna was obtained.4 From the evidence of the specimens labelled " Lower Nodule Bed ", and from Professor Gregory's section I, it would appear as though both the typical Arctoceras fauna, recorded by Mojsisovics, corresponding with the " Posirlono~w?~rr n o t l ~ ~ l r s " aforementioned, and the Anasibi~ites - Keysc~rlingites - l'rionites- Goniodiscus assemblage, recordcd here from the " Pseudomonotis nodules", occurred a t about the base of the " Posidonomya shales ". The fish-bed of Professor Wiman 6 also may be near this horizon, C,.

Whether the whole of the 600 feet of " Posidonomya shales " above this horizon belong to the Lower Trias is doubtful. The " Lower Saurian horizon " of Professor Wiman, 300 feet above the fish-bed, may coincide with the bed from which ? Gyronit~s aplanatus and ? Danubites strongi have been recorded, those species being known to occur in the " Meekoceras " beds of Idaho and California. Hyatt & ,Smith record Anasibirites from the same beds, so that

1 " Notcq on some Fish-remains from the Lower Trlas of Spitsbergen ",: Bull. 01'01. I ~ I . Y ~ . l l> t tv . lipsnla, vol. xi, 1912.

2 " I c l ~ t l ~ y o ~ c ~ u r ~ ( ~ r II 11 . 'I'I.IILY Rplt~herpens " : Bull. aeol. Inst. Univ. Upsala, vol. X, 1910-11, Nos. 111 1111(1 20, 1). 127.

Loc. cit., 1910, 1). 3 4 . ' Loc. at . , 1911, p. 157. S Ib., p. 126.

Loc. cit., 1905, p. 49. 111 191 i ( 7 ' 1 ~ ~ Middle Triassic Marine Inrertetr. Faunas of .\'orth America, p. 4 : Corrclat~on Table) Professor Perrin-Smith p u t the Spltsbergen Posidonomya " I,~rnt=stones" as equivalent to the Neekoceras I!IYIH of the Himalayas and the Propt!lchitrs Beds of the Ussun, that i s to say,

the two species mentioned (the identification of which is not definite) may belong to the uppermost Lower Trias. In the nodule bed a doubtful Flemingites has been found, and the Anasibirites and K(~!jscrlingites are characterized by simple sutures, so that horizon C, 1r1:~y very probably be somewhere near the border-line between tilt! Plerningites beds below and the Stephanites zone ab0ve.l The latter probably includes the 1ower.half or more of the Posibnomya ut~ales, but an exact correlation is impossible in the present state of our knowledge.

( T o be continued.) --

L. E: S p a t h - A m m o ~ ~ i t e s from Spitsbergen. 347

On Ammonites from Spltsbergen. By L. F. SPATH, DSc., F.G.S.

(Concluded from p. 305.) There appears to be a good deal of variation in the Lower Triassic

succession of the different parts of Spitsbergen, even between Ice Fjord and Bell Sound, a t which latter Gyronites nathorsti J. Boh~n

This has taken place since this paper was handed in for publication, the writer opening a discussion.on the subject a t the Geolog~cal Society meeting of 8th June, 1921.

348 L. E: Spath-Ammonites f rom Spitsbergen.

occurs in soft shales. The grey sandstones with a Lamellibranch fauna of Werfenian age from Axe1 Island,l again, represent quite a different facies.

The difficulties encountered in studying the Lower Triassic forms, and due, chiefly, to the conflicting evidence of the various matrixes, and to the fact that some of the best-preserved chxalnples were found loose, are met with again in dealing with the Middle Triassic specimens.

Monophyllites sp. cf. sphcerophyllus, Haucr sp., Ptychites cf. trochlmformis, Lindstrijm sp., Ptychites '1 sp. cf. tibetaleus, Mojsisovics, ? Gymnotoceras cf. tapueatus, Lindstrom sp.

are referable to the Middle Trias (Anisian), though they are only preserved as impressions in a black shale that apparently corre- uponds with the "Thin Paper Shalee" (D,) of Professor Gregory's se~t ion 1. This shale is full of comminuted fragments of shells, and quite distinct from any other matrix, and it may be added that the two vertebral oentra of Aphaneramma rostrata figured by Dr. A. Smith-Woodward have this matrix, whereas the skull is preserved in a hard nodular limestone reminiscent of the Posidolzomya shales."'

Stolley recorded a Monophyllites from the Daonella beds, and considered these to be of Ladinian age, and the equivalent of the Wengen beds. He found Nathorstites, which characterizes Upper Triassic beds on Bear Island and in British Columbia, only a little higher, and thus would draw the boundary-line between the Middle and Upper Trias just above the Daonella bcad~. 'I'll($ litrgc. ~l~cc.inlc.n of Monophyllites, mentioned above,, rc~xc~lrll11ch.i M . spharop~yllus Hauer sp., but not M. wengensis K l i l ~ ~ t ~ i n sp., and its association with Ptychites and Gymnotoceras suggests an Anisian age.4

The specimen of Gymnotoceras, unfortunately, does not show the inner whorl^,^ and has a different matrix from all the other examples of Gymnotoceras in the collection. These occur with Iiingula lindstromi J. Bohm,B and the other Ammonites given in the lisk

l Wittenburg, " fib. Werfen. Sch. v. Spitzbergen" : Bull. Acad. Imp. Sei. {Yt. Pdtersb., ser. VI, 1912, pp. 947-8.

a These spe:!mens are from Sticky Keep, whereas the first three in the above list are from Bluff, above entrance to Flower Valley, over nodule bed ", (Escarpment Shales of Professor Gregory's Section 11). The,l,ast (Qymnotoceras), which has a more slaty (worn) aspect, is from " Sassen-Bay .

S " Z. Kenntn. d. Arkt. Trias." : N. Jb. f. Min., etc., vol. i, 1911, p. 117. Among 3,500 Bosnian Ammonites from the " trinodostcs-zone ", recently

named by the writer, the genera Ptychites and Monophyllites were represented by 640 and 314 specimens respectively, and, besides Arcestids, the dominant element of the fauna.

There is a certain resemblance in ornament to Protrachyceras sverdrupi Kittl (" Die Trias-Fossil. v. Heureka Sund " : Report 2nd Norw. Arct. Exped. in the Fram, 1898-1902, No. 7, 1907, p. 39, pl. iii, fig. 9) also associated with a Daonella very similar to the Spitsbergen form.

This author (loc. cit., p. 13) has a black, fine-grained limestone with this Lingula above the Lower Trias, and since the Lingula also occurs in slabs with . Daonella he considers it of Ladinian (Middle Triassic) age. The form herft.

L. F. Spath-Ammonites f ~ o m spitsb;rgen. 349

below, in a limestone which is very compact and black when fresh, but brownish, softer, and more flaggy when weathered, and which may correspond with the black, fine-grained limestone referred to by J. Bohm. The forms of these black limestones and calcareous flags (as distinguished from the above shales) are :-

Gymnotoceras laqueatum (Lindstrom), common. ,, falcatum (Mojsisovips). , , geminaturn (Mojsisovics), common.

Danubites ? sp. TropigasviCes ? cf. polygyratus Smith. Monophyllites cf. spetsbergensis (Oberg)?

The evidencb, however, is by no means satisfactory; for very similar black limestones, weathering to various lighter colours, occur in nodules in the Lower Trias, and i t should be mentioned that Gymnotoceras falcatu~n is labelled [by c:rror '21 " Nodule-bed, Trident", and one specimen of G. cf. laq~~eat t~w~ C O I I ~ C R from " E basement bed of Trident ". l'hcl 111ttc.r. l~rir t,l~c* rliatrix of sorne thirty specimens of G. !j(~tninc~ltr,tr (Mojsihovicn), col~lparable with the two crushed nlw(-i~rlcns figured by Mojsisovics 2 from the black calcareous shales of the Hyperite Hat. It agrees with the " Calcareous Flags above nodules ", referred to above, characterized, by a Psezcdomonotis, but i t may only represent a more weathered condition of the black cryablline limestone that contained Lingula, Monophyllites, and [doubtfully] Gyanotoceras fakatum. On the other hand, a similar Pseudomomtis occurs in the Ptychites-beds.*

Two quite indeterminable impressions of Ammonites are labelled " Phosphate Series, near Botanists' Camp, de Geer Valley Delta, Sassen Bay ", and probably came from one of the Oozy Mound Beds (E) of Professor Gregory's section I. Phosphatic shales are mentioned by N a t h ~ r s t , ~ as occurring both in the Lower and, more frequently, in the Middle Trias (Daonella shales), but the more involute impression (unfortunately crushed quite flat) may even be a Nathorstites, and thus indicate a Carnian horizon.

The only fragment of an Ammonite, actually associated in the same slab with Daonella, unfortunately is indeterminable. On the

referred to L. lindstrtimi, like Qymnotoceras falcatum and Monophyllites cf. spetsbergensis, are preserved in a black limestone that is ch~racterized by the brownish calcite, replacing the shells; but Arctoeeras may be similarly 1)rctsrrved.

l This small form is characterized by three saddles, like Himalayan spccirs of thc group of M. suesui, figured by Diener (!395, pl. xxxi), but in shal~c moro l ~ l c u M. nara Diener or M. spetsbergensis (Oberg).

3 Locn. c-it., 1886, p. 49, pl. ix, figs. 13, 14 only. Many examples of this form from " West of Fortress ", near Cape Staratshin, and from Trias Point, North Side of Van I<culen's Bay, Bell Sound, are in Mr. Reynolds's Collection.

S After seclng Professor Gregory's section I, the writer would put this Qym,ytoceras fauna into D1 (" Earthy Limestone ").

Beitr. z. Geol. d. Baren- Insel, Spitzb. und d. Kon. Karl Landes " : Bull. Qeol. Inst. Univ. Upsala, vol. X, 1910-11, Nos. 19 and 20, p. 352.

C..

L. E: Spat1~-A?nmoni tes f rom Spitsbergen. 351

other hand, Mr. 1Xeynolds's Collection includes, besides 1Monophyllites cf. wenqe,~sis (which seems to confirm Stolley's evidence, referred to abovii), the following forms from the Daonella beds :-

I'tychites lundgreni, Mojsisovics. ,, sp. ind. (Mojs:, p. 92, pl. xiii, fig. 2). ,, colzcentricus, Oberg sp.

p Tropigastrites sp. Many of the Ptychites are crushed anti rcac~rrtble the oxycone

Nathorstites, but the examples that have thc! ~r~ture-line preserved indicate the generic position of the fornrn.

11. JUI~ANHI(~. The list of Jurassic An~rrlctt~i t , c 3 ~ ~ I I ~ ~ I I ~ V H the followi~lg forms :-

Amcaboceras cf. fiathorsti Llind~rerr LIP, ,, cf. kiichivri Balfcrltl n p . ,, c-f. cllt~rnccsn ( v , Nuc*l~) t~uc-t,. NI) ,

Pictoniu ? cf . ~lortrrc~ ttdici)lc~ 'I'orl~qt~int~ p ) n j ~ rf . bi!jotl 'I'orncluiut, ( ? A. triplirc~tus Lind~trijrn,

I I ~ I L How11rl)y, ] ) I . iii, fig. 2 only). ,, Hp. i11cl.

I'erisphinctes " (? Pictonia) sp. ind.1 Rasenia cf. uralensis d'orbigny sp.

,, sp. n.? cf. trimera (Oppel) de Loriol sp. ,, ? cf. swinnEownsis Pavlow sp.

Virgatites cf. polygyratus (Trautschold) Pavlow sp. ,, cf. scythicus Vischniakoff sp. ,, cf. nikitini Michalski sp.

Craspdites sp. cf. nodiger (Eichwald) Nikitin sp. e.p. ,, sp. nov.?

Pidsetrobelus cf. magnijcus (d'orbigny) Pavlow. They were collected a t Cape Staratshin, Ice Fjord, and a t " Fast-

ness Camp ", east of that Cape, with the exception of one slab of black shale, full of large examples of Amcaboceras cf. nathorsti?

,

that is labelled " Sassen Downs ". All the other specimens of this form, from Cape Staratshin, are preserved in a softer, micaceous, black shale, which also contains A . cf. kitchini some more evolute examples seem to be closer to the forms described as A.

1 A number of specimens of comparable Perisphinctids and Virgatitee from Cape Delt? Sassen Bay, are in the Reynolds Collection.

Lundgren, Jura und Trias Fossil., etc." : Bihang till K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. viii, No. 12,1883, p. 6, pl. i, figs. 1,2. Most of the examples, rcl~resentlng impressions of large individuals, appear to be coarser than Lundgren's figures, and may belong to the form recorded as Cardioceras n.sp. from black, carbonaceous shales of the K+g .Charles's Isles by Pompeckj (" Marines Mesozoic. v. Konig-Karls-Land : Ofversigt af k. Vet. Ak. Forh., 1899, No. 5 , p. 458).

Very close to examples in the British Museum, identified by Dr. Salfeld, from a very similar carbonaceous shale of Culgower and Cromarty, Scotland, also containing Basenia.

352 L. E: Spath-Ammonites from Spitsbergen. L. F. #path--Ammonites from Spitsbergm. 353

alternans from apparently contemporarieous beds of Greenland,l and, on account of the single costation, also to the form referred to Ameboceras cf. baukini (Oppel), by Ilovaisky, from his highest bed D4.2 Lahusen 3 refers to this " Schwarzer Brandschiefer " of Spitsbergen, with A. nathor~ti,~ as contnining Aucella radiata and Aucella bronni, but though some of the slubn of this micaceous shale with Amceboceras contain isolated Aucelln of the type of A. spitsbergensis and A. reticulata Lundgren, tllc.~ch Aucella are more plentiful in other examples of this shale, not associated with Ammonites.

In the finer-grained, non-micaceous shales that Lindstrom6 and Lundgren mention as containing A. triplicatus ' and Aucella, shells of the latter genus also are very abundant, but the Aucclla msquensis probably was misquoted for a plicate variety of A. palZasi. This occurs together with A. brolzni R o d e r , so that a &immeridgian age (zone of Aucella bronni of Lahusen) is most probable. P o m p e ~ k j , ~ however, records Perisphinctes cf. tripldoatus (Lindstrom), together with Aulacostephanus (and corresponding, Aucella), thus suggesting a higher horizon in the Kimmeridgian (Hoplitenschichten of Lahusen) than is indicated by the forms of Pictonia which belong to the lower alternuns beds. The Ammonitel impressions in this black shale, characterized by its weathering to various colours, unfortunately are badly preserved ; there is great resemblance to the forms of Picfonia q11ott~1 ahovtb, 1)ut also to Perisphinctids of the acl,illes+k~c*;lr;/,,,s grolll). 'I'III, l ) ~ i t ~ ~ i ~ r y ribs distinguish the for111.i ~ I O I I L It ' trsc~tc~cc, tb.g l/. trilrlit~r//c (Sow. in Damon),' or the still higher Virgalites. On the other hand, one example agrees very well with V. polygyratus (Trautschold) in P a v l ~ w , ' ~ so that it appears probable that a number of horizons

J. P. J. Ravn, " On Jurass. and Cret. Foss. from N.E. Greenland" : Mua. Min. ado2 Univ. Copenhague, Comm. Paldont., No. 10, 1911, p. 486, pl. xxxvi, figs. 1-3.

" L'Oxf. et le Sbquan. d. Gouv. de Moscou et de kiaean " : Bull. Soc. Imp. Nut. Moseou, N.$., vol. xvii (1903), 1004, p. 273, pl. xi, fig. 2.

a " Ub. d. Russ. Aucellen" : Mdm. Com. Gdol. St. Pdtereb., vol. viii, No. 1, ' 1888, p. 44.

4 Additional examples of A. natrllorsti in the Reynolds Collection come from the south side of Van Keulen's Bay, Bell Sound, and from Green Harbour (south-west).

" Om Trias och Jura- Forst. fr. Spetsbergen " : K. Bvenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. vi, No. 6, 1866, pp. 10, 19.

Loc. cit., 1883, p. 3. Sowerby's A, triplicatus (xcii, 2) is a Rasenia; A. triplex (ccxciii, 4) and

A. trijidus (ccxci'i) are Corallian Perisphinctids. In Nathorst, Eine vor1a:f. Mitt. v. Prof. J. P. Pompeckj iib. d. Altersfrage

d. Juraablag. Spitzbergens : Geol. Foren. Forh., vol. xxxii, Heft 6, Nov. 1910, p. 1503 (table).

9 Supplement to the Geology of Weymouth, etc., new ea., 1868, pl. xiii, fig. 3. l0 &tudes, etc., i, 1889, p. 60, pl. iii, fig. 3a only. Trautschold's original

(A. polygyratua Rein., " Z. Fauna d. Russ. Jura " : Moskau, 1866, p. 19, pl. iii, fig. 4) is quite different.

of the Kimmcridgian and Portlandian may be represented, and that tho no-called A. triplicatus includes a variety of forms.

'l'hc n~)(>ci~nen referred to Virgatites cf. scythicus, Vischniakoff sp.,' iu V V I . ~ close to, but more evolute than, Michalski's figure 2 of tlltit species, and has the same fine, dichotomous costetion. It iu 1)rcsmved in a slightly different shale, without Aucella, that ri-scmbles the matrix both of Rasenia and of that of the gigantic Virgatites cf. fiikitilzi, which latter includes crushed Aucella. This specimen of Virgatites, 240 mm. in diameter (with two fragmentary specimens of a closely comparable form), su erficially resembles the large Ammonite figured by Nikitin as &risphinctes martelli Oppel, but which Siemiradzki 4 considers to be an intermediate form between P. martelli nncl l'. orientalis Siemiradzki. Large " Perisphinctes " of the group of 1'. wtrrta: Bukowski are recorded from, beds that contain an early (Corallian) development of Amceboceras (" zone* of l', wurltrt I L I I ~ L Cnrtlioceras alternans" in Salfeld G), but t l ~ o c.runl~nd O X ~ L I I I I ) I ( ~ 11(11'(' (lin(-t~ssed, with its Aucella (not rt~(li1~1Iy I I I I L ~ ~ c ( ~ ~ ) , i n (L Vir!/(~liles,~ uncl not a. Corallian " Peri- splhitl(*/~x ", t l l l l ~ t l i~ to nay, it comes from above, not from below, the I J L ~ ( * I L ( - ( ~ O I I H ~ 1 1 1 ~ 1 t . n with Amceboceras cf. aathorsti.

Tl~o specinlens of Rasenia apparently came out of nodules in the black shales, and since Salfeld records Ammboceras kitehini from the zone of Rasenia cpadoce, it is possible that they belong to th% same horizon as the micaceous shales with Amasboceras cf. mathorsti. The epecimem are not vs well preserved, and here 7 does not seem to be a very close resemb ance to the common Market Rasen species (R. evoluta, involuta, etc.). The example compared with de Loriol's figure of R. trimera: with a diameter of about 150 mm., exceeds in size the form of Rasenia figured by Quenutedt as A. cf. trifurcatus Zieten.

1 A comparable s ecimen in the Reynolds Collection comes from Vlla Rerg, North Side of Ban Keulen'~ Bay, Bell Sound.

a " D. Amm. d. Unt. Wolga- Stufe" : Xdm. Com. G b l . St. Pdt., vol. viii, No. 2, 1890, p. 121, pl. vii, fig. 2 only.

3 " Allrr. Geol. Karte v. Russland. Blatt 71. Kostroma" : Mdm. Ccm. G631., GolTii, No. 1, 1885, p. 125, pl. iii; fig. 14.

.

4 " Monogr. Beschreib. d. Amm. Gattung Periaphinctea " : ~alceoitc- qraphica, vol. xlv, pts. iv, v, 1898-9, p. 269.

5 " Die Gliederuna d. Ob. Jura inN.W. Europa, etc." : N. Jb. f. Min., etc., Ileil. Bd. 37, 1914, 6 129, and table i.

6 There is very good agreement with Per. nikitini Michalski (loo. cit., p. 232, 1)l. xiii, fig. l ) , but the much larger outer whorl has the aspect of that of such -,:antic forms as Virgatites virgatus (in Michalski, loc. cit., pl. iii, fig. 1) or of

Perisphinctes" losseni Neumayr & Uhlig (" Ub. Ammonitid. a. d. Hilsblld. Norddeutschl.": Palcmntogruphica, vol. xxvli,pts. iii-vi, 1881, p. 144, pl. xvlil). 'I'lie inner whorls characterize the latter as probably a Polyptychiteb, so that 1 Ilc resemblance of the outer whorl is only superfic~al. c#=\ ha 3

7 Loc. cit., 1914, p. 129 ; also " Certain Upper Jurassic S t r p oF3&&nd :' : ()!cart. Jourw. Geol. Soc., vol. lxk, 1913, p. 423.

S " Mon. Pal. z. B A. tenuilabatus, etc." : Mem. Soc. &l,' h i k e , vol. iii. 1876, p. 86, pl. +iii, fig. 13.

9 Amm. d. Bchrab. Jura, pl. cxii, fig. - VOL. LVII1.-NO. VIII.

354 L. E: S p a t h - A m m o n i t e s f r o m Spi tsbergen. L. F. ,Sl)trilt-Arn~7tonites f r o m Spi tsbergen. 355

The two forms of Craspedites are characterized by their compressed and almost smooth inner whorls, with a deep and comparatively sinall umbilicus. The outer whorl oE the first example agrees very well with Nikitin's fig. 20,l and is just a litt,l(: coarser in ornament, though not nearly so nodate as fig. 19, whicl~, however, it equals in size. The other ,example resembles in its rrlorc: sharply defined costation (of the outer whorl only) certain forrns of Craspedites from the Rjasan horizon,2 and the Neocomian Tollic~, but it is quite different from the finely costate Valanginian forms fro111 Northern Germany in the British Museum. The inner whorls of the type of those of a compresBed C. okensis d'orbigny ~ p . ~ show this second form to belong to the Purbeckian Cra~pedi tes .~

Some fragments of belemnites, apparentlyfrom the Upper Jurassic beds of Cape Staratshin, seem to be referable to Piesetrobclus magnijcus (dlOrbigny) in P a v l o ~ . ~

111. CRETACEOUS. The only Ammonite in the collections from Green Harbour,

a fairly well-preserved ~pecimen of Polyptychites sp. nov. of. suessi Koenen,

indicates the presence of the lowest Cretaceous or Valanginian., The form differs from Koenen's type B in having a deeper and more funnel-like umbilicus, and in the weakening of the costation on the outer whorl. P . sphmricus Koenen and P . stubenrlorfi (Schpidt) Pavlow also are somewhat similar. The loss of t h o c:ostation on the outer whorl is reminiscent of such f o r ~ ~ ~ s iis 1'. ~i(lriisrt~ll)/ti,s I'i~vIow

'

and P. sp. (Olco,stc~l)lttrr~rcs c a f . /ril,/!lc~/t(/orr~tis N i l c i t , i I I t . 1 ,s!j~rtirricus 1 LW. cit., 1885, 1) . l:!:!, 1 1 1 . v , fig. 2 0 . 2 E.g. C. [" Olcorlt~,p/~."] Oi(ltzlc,.c.rrs Ih~g(~xlownl<y, " U. Rjasan Horizont, seine

Fauna, etc." : Mat. z. Ceol. Klts.sl., vol. xviii, 1897, p. 56, pl. iii, figs. 3, 4. a In Murchison, Verneuil, & Keyserling, Ckol. d. l. Rum. dlEurope, etc.,

vol. ii, pt. iii, Pal., 1845, p. 439, pl. xxxiv, figs. 13-17. Tullberg(" Ub. Verstein. a. d. Aucellen-Schichten Novaja-Semljas " : Bihang till K. Svenaka Vet.-Aknd Handl., vol. vi, 1881, No. 3, p. 7) records Craspediteo okensis from Novaja- Zemlya, where Amcebocerao also is found

4 Salfeld (" Monogr. d. Gattg. Rtngateadia " : Palceontographica, vol. lxii, pl. ii, 1917, pp. 73-4) points out that certain Involuticeras of a much lower horizon have been confused with Craspedites (e.g. by Rurclrhardt, 1906), but the boreal forms here described have no resemblance to the Southern Involuticeras. Their poor state of preservation, unfortunate!^, prevents exact comparison with the numerous similar Craspedites of the subditus-plicom- phalus group in the Blalie Collection.

Argiles de Speeton, 1892, p. 44, p1. v (ii), figs. 1,2 ; also Sibir. Sept,. , lac, cit., 1913, p. 16, pl. ii, fig. 4.

" Die Polyptychites-Arten d. Unt. Valangin.';,: Abh. k. Preuss. Qeol,. Landesanst., N.F., Heft 59, 1909, p. 76, Atlas pl. xll, figs. 2, 3.

7 " Die Ammonitid. d Nordd. Neoc." : Abh. k. Preuss. Ceol. Landesanst., N.F.. vol. xriv, 1902, p. 122, p]. iv, fig. 1 only. This, however, belongs to a higher zone and the skure-hie is different.

- 8 " Les CBph. d. Jura et du CrBt;, In£. d. 1. Sibir. Sept." i, Res. Scient. d

Z'Exp, Pol. Russ., 1901-3, Sect. C ; Geol. & Pal., Livr. 4 : Mdm. Acad- Imp. Sci. St. Pdt., ser. VIII, vol. xxi, No. 4, p. 23, pl. vi, fig. 1 .

Ib., p. 19, pl. ill, fig. 2. ,

Pavlow) i n I~ogo~lvwsky,~ both of which, however, have a wider and IWH fr~rlr~c~l-like umbilicus. The suture-line is characterized by four nt~tltlltl.: between the siphonal line and the umbilical tubercle, thca t h i r d of which (second lateral) is deeply bifid.

'I'lltr t~lt~trix of this specimen is a very dark and hard limestone; but IL fragmentary specimen preserved in a less calcareous rock, tht~t, 1):~rtly is a true clay-ironstone, probably belongs to beds of the NILIIIO age. This was collected a t Fastness Camp, Cape Staratshin, and on account of its association with the similarly preserved Hnsenia, Virgatites, etc., the writer a t first was inclined to put it into Gravesia, though the umbilical tubercles are not rounded, but sharp and comma-shaped, or into Cadoceras. The specimen, unfortunately, is fragmentary, nncl shows no trace of the suture-line, representing pro1)t~t)ly t h o I)ody-c~l~nrnbcr of a large form (p = 150 mm.), with t l~o innclr whorls poorly preserved in crystalline calcitc.

The specin~c~n lrir~y l ) (* c 'ol l~~)~~rc~d wit11 Brtr!l?~f,tp~h ;/(ss cf. ! ~ r c ~ ~ ~ e s ~ o r m i s I'avlow,

crl)tbc*i~rlly f .11 t~ s111ovt~l1 forin figured on 131. xi, figs. 2c, 3,2 but it has ZL It'ss tlc.presticd whorl section and thus a more rounded periphery. Polyptychites tschekanovskii P a v l o ~ , ~ on the other Band, is too compressed and too involute, and sbill costate a t a large diameter. P . senilis Koenen and P. solidus Koenen' show a somewhat similar smooth and fat outer whorl.

To judge by the two specimens mentioned, i t would appear as though the Valanginian deposits were closely connected with the Purbeckian and Portlandian beds below, yielding Craspedites and Virgatites. The matrix of the specimens of Euryptychites and Craspedites is very similar and agrees with that of numerous Aucella of the group of A. terebmtuloides. Other examples that appear to include the higher A. keyserlingi are " phosphatic ' l .

On the other hgnd,the Ditrupa sandstones,withCrioceras,that may be as high as A ~ t i a n , ~ clearly belong to another set of deposits. Stolley records clays, with concretions, and a very doubtful fragment of a Garnieria [ = a Valanginian Platylenticeras ?l below a flaggy, grey sandstone of the Flyschfacies, with interbedded clayey seams ; flirther, a very doubtful Polypt?ychites or SimbirsX*ites from the Ditrupa sandstones. A change of facies between Cape Staratshin t ~ r ~ d Green Harbour on the one hand, and Advent Bay on the other, is, of course, possible, but the writer would refer all the Ammonites

l " !fat. z. Kenntn. d. Untercret. Amm. Fauna v. Centr. und N. Russl." : Y ~ ~ I I . (:OIII. Gdol., N.s., Livr. 2, 1902, p. 140, pl. xvii, fig. 1.

I .(II<. ( ' 1 1 . (Siblr. Sept.), 1913, p. 37. ' a l b . , 11. :! l, pl. vii~. ' Loc. C I ~ . , I!)09, p. 50, pl. xx, figs. 1, 5. lb., 1). 6.). 111. xxi~, figs. 1, 2. . Stolloy, " b. d Kreideform. und ihre Fossil. auf Spitzbergen " : K.

Soensba Vet.-Akr~tl. Ilandl., vol. xlvi~, NO. 11, 1912, pp. 10-12.

366 L. F. Spath-Ammonites from Spitsbergen.

in the collection that come from Bunting Bluff, Advent Bay, to the A1bian.l The specimens are extremely poorly preserved in a purple or brown, ferruginous sandstone, and associated with Panopma of the type of P. pli~ata, a small smootli Pecten, etc. They are referred to ::

Sonneratia ? sp. cf. " Hoplites " jachromensis (Nikitin)." ,, ? sp. cf. EatisuEcata, S i n z o ~ . ~ ,, ? (Hoplites?) spp. ind.

Cleoniceras ? cf. bicurvato~des Sinzow s p 4 Pompeckj recorded " Virgatites-like " Ammonitc.~, resembling

the Albian Hoplites jachromensis Nikitin, frorn a ~sndstone (Dentaldum beds) of the Fyrkanten Berg ; but on account of tlie had state of preservation of the fos~ils he could not assign a more definite horizon to them than " Portlandian (Lower Cretaceous) ", with possibly the Albian included. It is matter for regret that the species here recorded are equally unsatisfactory, but they certainly seem to be nearer to Albian forms than to those of any other stage. It may also be added that they had already been referred $0 l' HopJites' " in the field.

A comparatively well-preserved but small fragment of the body- chamber of an Ammonite similar to the first form recorded in the above list was collected by Mr. W. J. Reynolds this summer (1920) a t Whale's Head. I t is comparable with the forrn figured by Bogoslowsky from the: " t l e r ~ f n l ~ r , ~ zorlch" ol: tllcb All)it~r~, I)ut 110t identictll with Sinzow's So,t,/t'r.trtttr jtrc-ltro/ttc*rtxrs."

St,oll(*y " t l ~ ~ r ~ l i ~ 11, I ) O Y H I I I I ( ' 1,1111l) l I I ~ ' I I I I I I O I . ( ' I I Y of f tv ' l of ~1~1111ston(-n, bctwt~c'n t,11(: I ) t / r t t / , tc ( " l ) c ~ t t / ~ r l i ~ t t t ~ ") I)tvlu, W it11 Cl.ioceras and the Tertiary strata, nlay include tllc: Gault and the whole of the Upper Cretaceous; but the apparent gaps and certain doubtful plant-bearing beds make a re-examination of the whole of the Cretaceous succession very desirable.

In conclusion, the writer would like to express his indebtedness to those who have kindly assisted him in the examination of this fauna, namely, to Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., and toDr. C. W. Andrews, F.R.S., for their help in connexion with the fish and amphibian remains, to Mr. W. J. Reynolds for his ready assistance with stratigraphical information, and to Professor J. W. Gregory, F.R.S., for his continued help and interest in the preparation of this paper.

The whter is unable to assign these specimens to any bed of Professor Gregory's succession.

In Bogaslow8ky, loc. cit., 1902, p. 128, pl. vi, fig. 4. " Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. sudruss. Apt. und Alh. " : Verh. Russ. Kais. Min.

Ces. zu St. Pet., ser. 11, vol. xlv~l, 1909, p. 31, pl. ii, figs. 27-9. * Ib., p. 29, pl. ii, figs. 7-18.

In Nathorst, loc. oit., p. 1500. " Untersuch. Ammonit. Unt. Gault Mangyschlaks und Kaukasus " :

Vmh. RWSS. Kais. Min. Bes., ser. X I , vol. xlv, 1907, p. 473, pl. iii, figs. 9-13. Loc. cit., p. 12.