the oecd skills strategy: austria in perspective
DESCRIPTION
Skills Bundle of knowledge, attributes and capacities that enable individuals to successfully and consistently perform an activity or task Human Capital Sum of all skills available within the country at a given point in timeTRANSCRIPT
The OECD Skills Strategy: Austria in perspective
Joanne CaddyOECD Directorate for Education and Skillsforum bmvit - Vienna, 11 June 2013
Major shifts in the demand for skillsEconomy-wide measures of routine and non-routine task input (US)
1960 1970 1980 1990 200240
45
50
55
60
65 Routine manual
Nonroutine manual
Routine cognitive
Nonroutine analytic
Nonroutine inter-active
(Levy and Murnane, 2010)
Mean t
ask
inp
ut
as
perc
en
tile
s of
the 1
960
task
dis
trib
uti
on
Dilemma facing schools:The skills that are easiest to teach and test are also the ones that are easiest to digitise, automate and outsource
18
Skills are the new global currencySupply of college graduates
China EU US -
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
2006
2010
2015
2020
10
By 2020, there will be more new graduates in China
than youth in Europe
19
4
OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC)New focus on skills, not qualifications
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
What do we mean by skills (or competencies)?
Skills
Bundle of knowledge, attributes and capacities that enable individuals to successfully and consistently perform an activity or task
Human Capital
Sum of all skills available within the country at a given point in time
OECD Skills Strategy (2012)
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
6
Why do skills matter to countries?
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
7
Why do skills matter to people?
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
8
How can we improve skills and their use?
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives 9
What is the OECD Skills Strategy?
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
Developing relevant skills in Austria
10
Educational attainment has improved in Austria…
Population that has attained at least upper secondary education (2010)
12
…but 1 in 4 students lack basic skills
Austria
France
Belgium
Germany
Sweden
Denmark
Poland
Norway
Korea
Finland
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
below level 2
2
3
4
5
6
Low performers High perform-ers Source: PISA 2009
13
Austria has one of the largest PISA gaps for migrants
14
Low supply of university graduates…
15
…particularly with regard to STEM
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Proportion of graduates by fields of study, 2010
Health and welfare Agriculture Education (ISC 14) Humanities and Arts
Social sciences, business and law Services Engineering, manufacturing and construction Science
Source: Education at a Glance 2012 (2010 data)
16
Mind the gap? Future career plans of girls and boys
17
Employer training favours the high-skilled
18
Activating skills supply
Youth unemployment and inactivity are low in Austria
Female employment rates are high, but motherhood makes part-time employment likely…
Older workers’ employment rates are below OECD average
Hunga
ryIta
ly
Polan
d
Belgi
um
Luxem
bour
g
Austria
Greec
e
Franc
e
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Czech
Rep
ublic
Spain
Portu
gal
Mex
ico
Irela
nd
OECD coun
trie
s
Nethe
rland
s
Great
Brit
ain
Finla
ndChi
le
Canad
a
Denm
ark
Austral
ia
Korea
Isra
el
Germ
any
USA
Estla
nd
Japa
n
Norway
Chile
Sweden
New Z
eala
nd
Icel
and
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Labour force participation rate for people aged 55 to 64
2011 2007
22
International migration accounts for 1/3 of new entries into the working-age population…
Permanent-type migration as an estimated % of new entries into
the working-age population, 2010
23
Differences in employment rates are largest for highly-educated immigrants
Swed
enBelg
iumNeth
erlan
dsNorw
ayFra
nceDen
markIre
land
Canad
aGerm
any
AUSTRIA
Finlan
dSp
ainOEC
DPortu
gal
United Kingd
omSlo
venia
Switz
erlan
dIta
lyGree
ceHunga
ry
United St
ates
-20
-10
0
10
20Low-educated Highly-educated
Difference in employment rate of foreign- and native-born populations by educational level, 2009-10, 15-64 (excluding persons still in education)
Immigrants have higher employment rates
Immigrants have lower employment rates
Differences are largest for those with foreign qualifications from non-OECD countries
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
Putting skills to effective use
24
25
Employers face difficulties recruiting skilled workers
Source: Manpower, 2007 and 2012 Talent Shortage Surveys.
Employers facing difficulties recruiting skilled workers, 2007 and 2012As a percentage of all employers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Breakdown not available Professionals Technicians and associate professionals
HRST in 2008
Growth potential in science & technology professions
OECD calculations, based on EU Labour Force Survey; US Current Population Survey; Australian, Canadian, Japanese and New Zealander labour force surveys, Korean Economically Active Population Survey, China Labour Statistical Yearbook
Human resources in science and technology (HRST), 2010As a percentage of total employment
0
1
2
3
4
5
61995 2009
%
Share of ICT specialists now reaches EU average…
OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010
Share of ICT-specialists in the total economy, 1995 and 2009As a percentage of total employment
…but share of women in ICT is below EU average
OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50Women in ICT sector Women in ICT specialists
%
skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
Where to find OECD resources on skills