the ocean water and its creatures

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1 The Ocean Water The Ocean Water and Its Creatures and Its Creatures Objective 5.0: Describe the Objective 5.0: Describe the layers of the oceanic layers of the oceanic hydrosphere, including the hydrosphere, including the pelagic zone, benthic zone, pelagic zone, benthic zone, and intertidal zone. and intertidal zone.

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The Ocean Water and Its Creatures. Objective 5.0: Describe the layers of the oceanic hydrosphere, including the pelagic zone, benthic zone, and intertidal zone. Marine Ecosystems: are ecosystems based upon salty water. A. Cover ¾ of Earth’s surface & contain 97% of Earth’s water supply - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Ocean Water and The Ocean Water and Its CreaturesIts Creatures

Objective 5.0: Describe the layers of Objective 5.0: Describe the layers of the oceanic hydrosphere, including the oceanic hydrosphere, including the pelagic zone, benthic zone, and the pelagic zone, benthic zone, and

intertidal zone. intertidal zone.

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Marine Ecosystems: are ecosystems Marine Ecosystems: are ecosystems based upon salty waterbased upon salty water

A. Cover ¾ of Earth’s surface & contain 97% A. Cover ¾ of Earth’s surface & contain 97% of Earth’s water supplyof Earth’s water supply

B. Three groups of marine life, that range from B. Three groups of marine life, that range from the largest animals, live in the ocean & along the largest animals, live in the ocean & along with billions of microscopic creatures.with billions of microscopic creatures.

1. Plankton 1. Plankton 2. Nekton 2. Nekton 3. Benthos3. Benthos

H.O.T.S.: Where do you think most marine animals H.O.T.S.: Where do you think most marine animals would be located—where is the water warm and would be located—where is the water warm and filled with light? Where would you want to live if filled with light? Where would you want to live if you lived in the ocean—where the water is cold, you lived in the ocean—where the water is cold, dark, & filled with pressure OR where the dark, & filled with pressure OR where the pressure is less, and the water is warm & pressure is less, and the water is warm & sunny?sunny?

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Marine lifeMarine life 1. 1. Plankton: Plankton: are organisms that float at are organisms that float at

or near the ocean’s surface; there are 2 or near the ocean’s surface; there are 2 groups of these; comes from the Greek groups of these; comes from the Greek word word planktosplanktos, meaning “wandering”, meaning “wandering”

a.a. Phytoplankton (plankton):Phytoplankton (plankton): microscopic microscopic photosynthetic organisms that float at or near the photosynthetic organisms that float at or near the surface of the water; they use the sun’s energy to surface of the water; they use the sun’s energy to make food just like plants domake food just like plants do

b.b. Zooplankton:Zooplankton: small, often microscopic, organisms small, often microscopic, organisms that eat phytoplanktonthat eat phytoplankton

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PlanktonPlankton

ZooplanktonPhytoplankton

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Marine life continuedMarine life continued 2. 2. Nekton:Nekton: the free-swimming organisms the free-swimming organisms

such as dolphins, sharks, fishsuch as dolphins, sharks, fish

FYI: Blue whale is the largest; 20 people could stand FYI: Blue whale is the largest; 20 people could stand on its tongue & people could crawl through their on its tongue & people could crawl through their arteriesarteries

H.O.T.S. : How big do you think a blue whale’s heart is?H.O.T.S. : How big do you think a blue whale’s heart is?

3. 3. Benthos:Benthos: organisms that live on or in the ocean organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.floor.

a. They live in mud, sand, & rock.a. They live in mud, sand, & rock.b. Examples: crabs, sea stars (starfish), b. Examples: crabs, sea stars (starfish),

worms, coral, sponges, seaweed, & worms, coral, sponges, seaweed, & clams.clams.

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NektonNekton

Whale shark

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BenthosBenthos

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C. Wide range of habitats in the C. Wide range of habitats in the oceanocean

1. dark, cold, high-pressure1. dark, cold, high-pressure

2. great depths to warm sandy 2. great depths to warm sandy beachesbeaches

33. icy polar waters to rocky coastlines. icy polar waters to rocky coastlines

4. oceans and seas occur all over 4. oceans and seas occur all over Earth & contain many ecosystemsEarth & contain many ecosystems

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D. Abiotic factors that shape marine D. Abiotic factors that shape marine ecosystems:ecosystems:

1. 1. temperaturetemperature

2. amount of sunlight2. amount of sunlight

3. distance from land3. distance from land

4. 4. depthdepth of water (distance below the surface of the of water (distance below the surface of the water)water)

5. sunny water: water absorbs light & can go down 200 5. sunny water: water absorbs light & can go down 200 m; this is where you find phytoplankton; they produce up m; this is where you find phytoplankton; they produce up to 95% of all oxygen available in Earth’s atmosphereto 95% of all oxygen available in Earth’s atmosphere

H.O.T.S.: If all marine life were to die, how would you be H.O.T.S.: If all marine life were to die, how would you be affected? How would others be affected?affected? How would others be affected?

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E. The Benthic Environment:E. The Benthic Environment:

1. The ocean is divided into zones based 1. The ocean is divided into zones based upon depth & where different types ofupon depth & where different types of

benthos live.benthos live.

2. The zones are grouped into one major 2. The zones are grouped into one major marine environment—the benthicmarine environment—the benthic

environment.environment.

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F.F. The Zones of the Benthic The Zones of the Benthic EnvironmentEnvironment

1. 1. Intertidal zone:Intertidal zone: area where ocean meets land area where ocean meets landa. it is located b/w the low-tide & high-tide limits, so it is above a. it is located b/w the low-tide & high-tide limits, so it is above water part of the day (when tide is out & often battered by waves water part of the day (when tide is out & often battered by waves during this time)during this time)

b. mud flats, rocky shores, & sandy beaches are found hereb. mud flats, rocky shores, & sandy beaches are found here

c. animals & plants in the mud flats: periwinkle snails, herons, & c. animals & plants in the mud flats: periwinkle snails, herons, & sea grasses sea grasses

d. animals of the rocky shores: sea stars, sea anemonesd. animals of the rocky shores: sea stars, sea anemones

e. animals of the sandy beaches: clams, crabs, conchs, snailse. animals of the sandy beaches: clams, crabs, conchs, snails

f. animals here either hold on with strong root-like systems or f. animals here either hold on with strong root-like systems or have shells to protect them from the waveshave shells to protect them from the waves

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Intertidal Zone: Intertidal Zone: http://www.mbayaq.org/lc/activities/lyrics_rocksong.asp?bhcp=1

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2. Sublittoral zone2. Sublittoral zone

a. begins where the intertidal zone ends, at the low-tide a. begins where the intertidal zone ends, at the low-tide limit, & extends to the edge of the continental shelflimit, & extends to the edge of the continental shelf

b. temperature, water pressure, & sunlight remain b. temperature, water pressure, & sunlight remain constant here so constant here so animals here do not have to deal animals here do not have to deal with the changes that the intertidal zone doeswith the changes that the intertidal zone does

c. extends c. extends 200m200m below sea level, below the surface below sea level, below the surface

d. most plants & animals such coral stay in the upper d. most plants & animals such coral stay in the upper 100 m where sunlight reaches the ocean floor100 m where sunlight reaches the ocean floor

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Sublittoral zone: coral reefsSublittoral zone: coral reefs

1. coral reefs:1. coral reefs: a. found in sunny, tropical areasa. found in sunny, tropical areas b. live in close relationship w/single-celled algaeb. live in close relationship w/single-celled algae c. forms from skeletons of corals over thousands c. forms from skeletons of corals over thousands

of of yearsyears d. home to many speciesd. home to many species e. dying due to global warminge. dying due to global warming f. slow growth rate (about the width of a dime in f. slow growth rate (about the width of a dime in

height/yr)height/yr) g. the tropical rain forests of the ocean because of g. the tropical rain forests of the ocean because of

their diversitytheir diversity

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Coral reefsCoral reefs

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3. 3. Bathyl zoneBathyl zone a. extends from the edge of the a. extends from the edge of the

continental shelf to the abyssal plaincontinental shelf to the abyssal plain

b. depth: 200 m to b. depth: 200 m to 4,000 4,000 m below seam below sealevellevel

c. no sunlight here so no plantsc. no sunlight here so no plants

d. animals here: sponges, sea stars, d. animals here: sponges, sea stars, octopi, brachiopods, echinoidsoctopi, brachiopods, echinoids

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Bathyl zoneBathyl zone

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4. 4. Abyssal zone:Abyssal zone: from the Greek word meaning "no from the Greek word meaning "no bottom", and refers to the ancient belief that the open bottom", and refers to the ancient belief that the open

ocean was bottomlessocean was bottomless a. on the abyssal plain at a maximum depth of a. on the abyssal plain at a maximum depth of 6,0006,000 m m

b. no plants & few animals here: crabs, sponges, tube worms, & b. no plants & few animals here: crabs, sponges, tube worms, & sea cucumberssea cucumbers

1. tube worms live around 1. tube worms live around thermal ventsthermal vents, hot-water cracks in the , hot-water cracks in the ocean floor that release heat & chemicals from inside the Earthocean floor that release heat & chemicals from inside the Earth

2. the water coming from these vents can be above 802. the water coming from these vents can be above 80°°CC

3. worms that live here are dubbed chemosynthetic because 3. worms that live here are dubbed chemosynthetic because they use the chemicals coming from the vents they use the chemicals coming from the vents

for their for their food sourcefood source

c. little is known about the abyssal zone because it is so deep & c. little is known about the abyssal zone because it is so deep & dark dark

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Abyssal Zone OrganismsAbyssal Zone Organisms

Upper left: Christmas tree worms; To left: Sea cucumbers; Above top: anglerfish; Above: tubeworms from hydrothermal vents;

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5. Hadal zone5. Hadal zone

a. The deepest benthic zone a. The deepest benthic zone

b. made of the floor of ocean trenches & any b. made of the floor of ocean trenches & any organisms thereorganisms there

c. less known about it than abyssal zonec. less known about it than abyssal zone

d. organisms there: sponge, worms, clamd. organisms there: sponge, worms, clam

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Hadal Zone OrganismsHadal Zone Organisms

Deep water squid, deep sea medusa, sea spider, sea pig, and sea basket. http://oceanlink.island.net/oinfo/deepsea/abysso.html

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G. The G. The PelagicPelagic Environment Environment

1. it is the entire volume of water in the 1. it is the entire volume of water in the ocean & the marine organisms that liveocean & the marine organisms that live

above the ocean floorabove the ocean floor

2. 2 major zones in the pelagic zone2. 2 major zones in the pelagic zone a. a. NeriticNeritic zone zone b. b. OceanicOceanic zone zone

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3. Neritic Zone: the water that 3. Neritic Zone: the water that covers the continental shelf covers the continental shelf

a. less than 200 m deep & much sunlight herea. less than 200 m deep & much sunlight here b. warm, clear, sunny, & shallow zone contains b. warm, clear, sunny, & shallow zone contains

the largest amt of marine lifethe largest amt of marine life c. animals & plants here: seaweed, plankton, c. animals & plants here: seaweed, plankton,

sea turtles, coral reefs, sponges, fish, sea turtles, coral reefs, sponges, fish, dolphinsdolphins

1. brown seaweed is used for making 1. brown seaweed is used for making Japanese soup, kombuJapanese soup, kombu

2. red seaweed used for sushi2. red seaweed used for sushi3. some seaweeds are also used for 3. some seaweeds are also used for

adding adding taste & texture to taste & texture to ice creamice cream

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SeaweedSeaweed

Kombu, red seaweed, and seaweed used in ice cream & toothpaste

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4. 4. OceanicOceanic Zone: the water that covers Zone: the water that covers the entire sea floor except the continental the entire sea floor except the continental shelfshelf a. deeper parts have cold water & great a. deeper parts have cold water & great

water pressurewater pressure b. organisms are more spread out & many b. organisms are more spread out & many

eat dead things that falleat dead things that fall c. many unusual animals found here have c. many unusual animals found here have

adapted to pressure & adapted to pressure & darknessdarkness, & include , & include giant squids, whales, fish that glow, giant squids, whales, fish that glow, anglerfishanglerfish

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Oceanic ZoneOceanic Zone

hydromedusa Aequorea victoria ctenophore Bathyctena

Chaenophryne longiceps

small squid in the genus Abraliopsis