the occurrence of earthquakes (english)

8/10/2019 The Occurrence of Earthquakes (English)

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The EarthquakesXII A3


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What is Earthquake ?

An earthquake(also known as a quake, tremoror temblor) is the result

sudden release of energy that cause violent shaking of the ground in thecrust that creates seismic waves. Sometimes causing great destruction,result of movements within the Earth's crust or volcanic action.

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What Causes an Earthquake ?

There are about 20 plates along the surface of the earth tha

continuously and slowly past each other. When the plates squeeze or huge rocks form at their edges and the rocks shift with great force, caearthquake.

Think of it this way: Imagine holding a pencil horizontally. If youapply a force to both ends of the pencil by pushing down on them, yosee the pencil bend. After enough force was applied, the pencil would the middle, releasing the stress you have put on it. The Earth's crust ac

same way. As the plates move they put forces on themselves and eacWhen the force is large enough, the crust is forced to break. When thoccurs, the stress is released as energy which moves through the Eartform of waves, which we feel and call an earthquake.

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What is a fault ?

A fault is an area of stress in the earth where broken rocks sl

each other, causing a crack in the Earth's surface. There are the major faults: dip-slip normal, dip-slip reverse, strike-slip, and oblique-slip. movement along faults is mostly vertical; mountain blocks (for examWasatch Range) move up relative to the downward movement of valle(for example, the Salt Lake Valley).

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What are Plate Tectonics ?

The theory of plate tectonics is a interesting story of continents

from place to place breaking apart, colliding, and grinding against eacThe plate tectonic theory is supported by a wide range of evidenconsiders the earth's crust and upper mantle to be composed of severthin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another. (See plate graphic above.) The plates are all moving in different directions and at dspeeds. Sometimes the plates crash together, pull apart or sideswiother. When this happens, it commonly results in earthquakes.

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What is a Seismograph ?

A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the inten

duration of an earthquake.

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How do Earthquakes Form ?

Let us imagine what goes on in the outer crust with the help of this diagr

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First

Earthquakes develop in the crust of the earth. The crust involves

earth's surface, submarine levels, down to the ocean floors. The inner paearth contains massive energy. Some of this energy escapes through craother volcanic activity, but the bulk of it is stored within the earths innercontained in the crust.

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Second

The earths outer crust is held in place like a completed jigsaw pu

with rough edges and lines. The energy stored here causes the pieces to glide, knock and move around each piece. These pieces best describe whcall Tectonic plates

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Third

After a period of time, the built up energy and movement causes

tension in the plates, and there is massive pressure on the fault lines. Thintense pressure resulting from energy build up causes the fault lines givand plates move over, against or apart from each other.

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Fourth

There is an earthquake at this point. In the form of seismic wave

water ripples) the escaping energy radiates outward from the fault in alldirections. The seismic waves shake the earth as they move through it. Wthe waves reach the earths surface, they shake the ground and anythingtearing down houses and structures.

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How to Survive in Earthquake Secure your spaceby identifying

hazards and securing moveable items.

Plan to be safeby creating a disasterplan and deciding how you willcommunicate in an emergency.

Organize disaster suppliesin convenientlocations.

Minimize financial hardshipby

organizing important documents,strengthening your property, andconsidering insurance.

If Earthquake does occur, Drop, Cover,and Hold Onwhen the earth shakes.

Secure

MinimiImprove

Hold On

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Earthquake Safety Tips

BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE:Have a disaster plan. Emergencypreparednesscan save lives. Choose a safe place in every room. Its best under a sturdy piece of furniture like a table or a desk where nothing canyou. Practice DROP, COVER AND HOLD ON! Drop under something sturon, and protect your eyes by pressing your face against your arm. If you an earthquake prone area, bolt tall furniture to the wall and install stronglatches to cupboards. Prepare a first aid kit for your home. By taking speprecautions and checking for hazards before a disaster strikes, you will bmore likely to stay safe.

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DURING AN EARTHQUAKE:DROP, COVER AND HOLD ON! Stay indoothe shaking stops. Stay away from windows. If youre in bed, hold on andthere, protecting your head with a pillow. If youre outdoors, find a clear away from buildings, trees and power lines. Then, drop to the ground. If in a car, slow down and drive to a safe place. Stay in the car until the shakstops.

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AFTER THE SHAKING STOPS:Check for injuries. Inspect your home fordamage. Eliminate fire hazards, so turn off the gas if you think its leakingExpect aftershocks. Each time you feel one, DROP, COVER AND HOLD O

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the occurrence of earthquakes (english)

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