“If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”
Sir Isaac Newton
1991: Birth of a Penguin
“I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like GNU) for 386(486) AT clones”
Linus Torvalds25 Aug 1991
1992: Torvalds vs Tannenbaum
“From a theoretical (and aesthetical) standpoint linux looses. If the GNU kernel had been ready last spring, I'd not have bothered to even start my project: the fact is that it wasn't and still isn't. Linux wins heavily on points of being available now.”
Linus Torvalds29 Jan 1992
Lesson 1Running code beats great ideas
1997: The Cathedral and the Bazaar
“Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow”
Eric S. Raymond
Lesson 2Make it easy for your community to contribute, and they will
Phase 2: BusinessMaking money by selling open source
1999: Red Hat, VALinux IPOs
Open source business models
● Dual license GPL and proprietary
● Services and support
● Subscriptions
Most people failed
Rise of the Foundation
Collaborate & compete
● Collaborate on undifferentiated heavy lifting
● Contributing to open source in self-interest
● Google, Amazon, Facebook, Twitter, ...
Lesson 3Give contributors a level playing field
Phase 3: InnovationBreaking new ground
Open source as a weapon
Community momentum
Lesson 4All of us are better than any of us
Open source is everywhere
Cloud
DevOps and agile
Open source and NFVOpen source creating value
A perfect storm
● Competition driving per-subscriber revenues down
● Bandwidth driving costs up
● Web-native companies driving new functionality
● Interoperability, vendor independence high priorities