the new york forest owner - volume 30 number 6

The New York

FOREST OWNERA publication of the New York Forest Owners Association

November/December 1992

People and Trees; Partners In Time

THE NEW YORK

FOREST OWNERVOL. 30, NO.6

OFFICERS & DIRECTORS

Stuart McCarty, President4300 East AvenueRochester, NY 14618(716) 381-6373

Donald Wagner, 1st Vice PresidentRD #1, Box 203CUtica, NY 13502

Robert M. Sand, Recording Secretary300 Church StreetOdessa, NY 14869·9703

Angus Johnstone, TreasurerPOBox430East Aurora, NY 14052

John C. Marchant, Executive Director45 Cambridge CourtFairport, NY 14450(716) 377-7906

Deborah Gill, Administrative SecretaryP.O. Box 180Fairport, NY 14450(716) 377-6060

1993David J. Colligan, BuffaloVerner C. Hudson, ElbridgeMary S. McCarty, RochesterSanford Vreeland, SpringwaterDonald. J. Wagner, Utica

1994Norman Richards, SyracuseRobert M. Sand, OdessaCharles Mowatt, Savona

1995Elizabeth Densmore, MachiasRichard J. Fox, MoraviaJohn W. Krebs, Honeoye FallsStuart McCarty, Rochester

AFFILIATE REPRESENT ATIVESCharles Sprague-THRIFTKathleen Farnum--Catskill Forest Assoc.

CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVESPeter Childs-Allegheny FoohillsWendell Hallield-CayugaIrwIn K1ng-Capital DistrictThomas L. Ellison--Central New YorkRobert S. Davis-Lower HudsonWes Suhr-Northern AdirondackTom Casey-Niagara FrontierErwin Fullerton-Southeastern AdirondackLarry Lepak-Southern TierPatrick J. McGlew-TiogaGeorge Appleton-Western Finger Lakes

All rights reserved. Contents may not be reproduced with-out prior written permission from the publisher. Opinionsexpressed by authors are their own and do not necessarilyreflect the policy of the publisher.

COVER:The beginning of New York's 60 yearold Red Pine plantations.From Moon Library Archives, ESF SUNY

NY FOREST OWNER

NERFOREST 0A publication of the :fNI York Fomst Ownas Association

Editorial Committee: Betty Densmore, - Mary McCartyNorm Richards and Dave aber_

Materials submitted for publication should be add essed : R. Fox, R.D. #3, Box 88,Moravia, New York 13118. Articles, artwork and pho os are in .ed and are normallyreturned after use. The deadline for submission forJan eb.· Dec. 1.Please address all membership fees and change of address requests to P.O. Box180, Fairport, N.Y. 14450. Cost of individual membership subscription is $15.

CAY Cayuga, 1985 .....................••......................................................... 68STC Southern Tier, 1985 .....................................................•............. 115TIO Tioga, 1986 ................•..........•........................................................ 89WFL.. ..Western Finger Lakes, 1988 •.•................................................... 245AFC Allegheny Foothills, 1989 .••....................................................... 106NFC Niagara Frontier, 1990 ...................................•.......................... 125CDC Capital District, 1991 ........................•.••..•.................................... 80SAC Southeastern Adiorndack, 1991 ....................................•............ 76LHC .....•Lower Hudson, 1991 ....•..•...........••......•••..•••............................... 47CNY Central New York, 1991 .........................••.••................................ 75NAC Northern Adirondack, 1991 75

CFA Catskill Forestry Assoc., 1982 56THRIFT Tug Hill Resources, Investment for Tomorrow, 1982 140

With membership as of October 1, 1992.

Table of ContentsPresident's Message 3Fun In The Forest, Mary McCarty 4The Wild Side Of Herbs, Betty Densmore 5Red Pine Plantations, Robert Demeree 6Chapter Reports 10Family Values: A Series of Articles 12Ask A Forester: The Black Locust, Michael Bridgen 161992 Master Forest Owners 17White Pine Weevil, Douglas Allen 18NYFOA Tours, Alan Knight 19

2 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1992

President's MessageIhave two significant happenings to

report to you.First, congratulations to Dick Fox, our

newly appointed editor! Dick has beenserving as acting editor for several issuesand prior to that as Chair of the EditorialCommittee for two years. Consequently heis well equipped to take on the editor's job.Even as Chair of the Editorial Committeehe was tireless in his efforts to improve themagazine, working to provide most of thematerial that went into it.

The Editorial Committee under the lead-ership of Betty Densmore were unanimousin their selection of Dick and plan to givehim strong support as he continues hisquest to make the Forest Owner a premiermagazine for our members.

Secondly, congratulations to CharlieMowatt and Betty Densmore for initiatingthe idea and bringing to reality aWorkshopfor newsletter editors and for chapter/af-filiate leaders. This first-ever gatheringwas held in late August at Cornell's ArnotForest. Thirty six attended representingnine of our chapters and our two affiliates.

There was a stimulating afternoon ses-sion on newsletters with input from a num-ber of those who have had experience inproducing these for our members. Theemphasis was on how to improve the con-tent and appearance of the newsletters,which are sent out by the affiliates and bymost of the chapters.

The evening session was a fun talk byGib Merrill reported on elsewhere in thisissue by Mary.

The following morning was devoted toa give-and-take session on chapter andaffiliate management led off by a thoughtprovoking talk by John Marchant on lead-ership. Everyone contributed ideas andexperiences which in total added up to awealth of knowledge for running a chapteror affiliate.

Special thanks go to Marian Mowattand the five volunteers from AFC andNAC who fed us four fine meals. Theirwork in the kitchen was way beyond thecall of duty and enabled the rest of us toconcentrate on thinking of ideas and shar-ing them to improve NYFOA.

The enthusiasm and esprit de corpsgenerated by the workshop bodes well forthe future of NYFOA.

NY FOREST OWNER

Workshop Attendees (above)

Charlie Mowatt andBetty Densmore (right)

Photos by Bill and Clara Minerd

HONOR ROLLThe Three-for-One ($3 for each member recruited) Membership Incentive Campaignis underway and for the first month. September. the results are encouraging. Here theyare:

Michael Birmingham. CDC 1Tom Ellison, CNY 1Harry Howe, NAC 2Eugene McCardle LHC 1John Marchant, WFL 2

Eleven new members plus another five from the Woodland Steward and unnamedsources!In addition, in August before the Campaign began the following recruited newmembers. Sorry about that timing!

Mr and Mrs Edwin Atwood. Jr. WFL 2 (Gifts)Ron Cadieux, SAC 1Stephen Eaton, AFC 1Roy Emerling, NFC 1Daryl Jenks, 1 (Gift)John Marchant, WFL 1Billy Morris/Sue Kiester. WFL 1

Thanks to all for carrying the message to our fellow forest owners. Remember theThree-for-One Campaign continues until the end of 1992.

Joe Messina CDCBilly Morris, WFLRobert Nagle NFCSteven Warne, SAC

1111

Stuart McCarty, Membership Chair


FUN IN THE FORESTBy Mary McCarty

A highlight of the Leadership Work-shop at Arnot Forest was the enthusiasticpresentation Saturday evening by Profes-sor Gib Merrill. One of his present activi-ties involves hosting a TV series for youngpeople on the out-of-doors, entitled "OhMy".

Professor Merrill mentioned early in hispresentation that he takes groups of young-sters to the woods for most of the day toteach and interest them in what can befound and observed. One of our group ofthirty quipped "Oh My!" -- youngsters inthe woods for the day? Keep them inter-ested?

Well- he did keep us most interested aswe learned about a fine use for bracken tokeep away the gnats even ifthe fern wasn'ta perfect 6 5/8" hat size. On to the mne-monic MAD CAP HORSE, and the fineformer usefulness of horn beam. Oxencould be yoked with horn beam when ourancestors didn't have a blacksmith to cre-ate the yoke. Sharpen and bum the end of

Gib Merrill with Bracken/ern hat.

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NY FOREST OWNER

Photos by Charlie Mowatt

a horn beam and the stick could serve manyuses such as a crowbar. Also, among theinnovative learning techniques were properbinocular adjustments and a fun reversebinocular game plus a lens substitute.

The noisy red tool box caught our atten-tion. A large western rattlesnake was in

there, and then OUT of there, for all to see!Some of us were on edge. We learned somuch in such a short time. Thank You, GibMerrill, It was a pleasure to meet you andSusie and to catch the spirit of the enthusi-asm you exude. We were lucky indeed and

....":appreciate your inspirational presentation.

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THE WILD SIDE OF HERBSBy Betty Densmore

As you walk through your fields andforest do you ever realize that under yourfeet and around you are the ingredients forpowerful cures, magical potions, fragrantpotpourris, culinary delights and richlyvivid dyes? That shamans, medicine men,Druids, witches, apothecaries and colonialhousewives would have gathered basketsof treasured herbs that you pass by? Itwasn't until my tiny herb garden explodedinto a yard full of domesticated varietiesthat I began to realize how many occur inthe wild.

Herbs are said to be "useful plants", nota very satisfactory definition. Perhaps,plants valued for their medicinal, savory oraromatic qualities is better. Dozens ofplants that are officially recognized asherbs occur in New York State. One of theremarkable things about them is how manyare aliens introduced by Colonist. Con-sider the ubiquitous chicory, comfrey, colts-foot, mints, catnip, mullein, mustard, tansy,yarrow and even burdock ...all were intro-duced to North America.

Native herbs were necessities whichhave long been harvested by farmers andgatherers for family use and as cash crops.Boneset was widely used by Confederatetroops for controlling malaria and fevers.Joe Pye Weed (named after an Indiandoctor) made a tonic. Ginseng is used bythe Chinese for many cures but especiallyto prolong sexual potency into the goldenyears. (It works to judge from their popu-lation figures). Bee balm, also called Os-wego Tea and bergamot, makes a soothingtea and is also used in potpourri. Falsehellebore, one of Spring's earliest plants,and often mistaken for skunk cabbage, isused for heart trouble. It has an actionsimilar to digitalis, but is said to be morepowerful. Its roots yield a potent insecti-cide.

Many of the alien herbs are creditedwith healing powers as well. Foxglove isthe source of digitalis. Comfrey is used forpoultices, elecampane for colds, valerianas a sedative and on and on.

Angelica is a splendid plant. With itshuge leaves and thick stalks it seems al-most tropical. It grows lush and big andsmells delicious when cut. I find a place inmy garden for it every year and a friendcomes to dig the root to use in makingDrambuie (a typical NYFOA member!).Coltsfoot is that lovely yellow blossomthat is one of spring's first flowers and one

NY FOREST OWNER

that brightens many a woodsroad. Catnipseems to be around every cellar hole inWestern New York. If you can't find it,your cat can!

Herbs are surrounded by myths andlegends. Caraway is used in love potions,the root of catnip, when chewed, is said tomake the most gentle person fierce andquarrelsome, yarrow is reputed to haveconjuring powers. Sew an ounce of yarrowin a square of flannel, put it under yourpillow and during the night your true loveis supposed to appear in a dream. Garlicappears in many religious rites; the ancient

yAltB.OW

Egyptians invoked its name in taking oaths,Homeric legend has garlic saving Ulyssesfrom the fate of companions who werechanged into pigs by Circe. During thegreat plague in Europe a house in whichgarlic was stored recorded no losses to theBlack Death very possibly it kepteverything and everybody away! Legendsays: "When Satan stepped out from theGarden of Eden after the fall, Garlic sprangup from the spot where he placed his leftfoot, and onion from that where his rightfoot touched."

Love potions and visions aside, herbshave practical uses to those of us whospend time in the forest. I always crushsome pennyroyal or tansy leaves betweenmy palms and wipe my hands on my face,arms and hair before going to the woodsduring black fly and deer fly season. Thisworks as well as commercial insect repel-lents and I haven't exposed myself to N-diethyl-toluarnide or Hexanediol (what-ever THEY are!).

Bee balm makes lovely tea, is a fine cutflower and delicious to have around with

5

TANSY

its citrusy odor. It also makes a handsomedried flower. Chicory has long been acoffee additive and sometime substitute.Tansy is used in making Chartreuse li-queur and wild mustard in pickling. Theuses of herbs are many.

If you ever chance upon valerian inbloom you'll be overwhelmed by its lovelyperfume. Know that the roots produce anexcellent sedative. Bedstraw produces adye, though its primary use was to stuffmattresses long ago. Every ditch seemsloaded with fragrant bedstraw in the sum-mer. Goldenrod with its 80 varieties isuseful as a dye plant. Even if you are not inneed of sedati ves, or mattress stuffing, anddon't like Chartreuse it seems that a nod-ding acquaintance with the most commonherbs that grow on your property is worth-while. You can dazzle your city' friendswith some ofthe wonderful legends as wellas introduce children to the delights offragrant mints, catnip, and others. Besides,it just might fit into some Machiavellianscheme of yours to be able to identifypoisonous Nightshades, monkshood andother deadly plants!

I have dealt with only a few of the mostcommon herbs that grow on or near myproperty. Peterson's FIELD GUIDE TOWILDFLOWERS lists dozens of others asoccurring in New York State. I keep hop-ing to happen upon two of my personalfavorites: Wood-Betony and Sweet Ci-cely. One of the great pluses of AlleghenyFoothills Chapter woods walks is that for-esters and knowledgeable members oftenpoint out rare or interesting plants. As myknowledge of whatI' m seeing increases sodoes my enjoyment of the wild side ofherbs.

Betty is aNYFOA Director and chairs theeditorial committee.

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1992

RED PINE PLANTATIONS IN NEW YORK:The End Of An Era

By Robert Demeree

Red pine, Pinus resinosa, was one ofthe most popular tree species for fieldplanting in the earlier days of the conserva-tion movement in New York. In the 1920speople became aware of serious environ-mental problems in this country. Soil waseroding from poorly managed farm land inastounding quantities and our streams andrivers were badly polluted. So badly thatthe Chicago River, for example, caugh tonfire and burnedfor a considerable period oftime. The dust bowl etched forever in ourmemories the evils of over-cropping andover-grazing.

Across the country, action was taken.The Soil Conservation Service was formedto assist farmers with better methods oferosion prevention. The Extension Servicewas created to help also, and a whole hostof other organizations sprang up: the 4H,Future Farmers of America and many oth-ers.

New York entered the fray with greatvigor. During this period, some New Yorkfarmers, those with farms on poor soils,were having a hard time. Most of NewYork's forests had been cleared off foragriculture in the 1890's, but as farmingmoved west and the fertile unforested soilsof the Midwest and West were discovered,farming became much more competitive.

The New York Legislature, recogniz-ing that these poorer farms at higher eleva-tions were contributing greatly to soil ero-sion, passed the Hewitt Amendment andbegan buying these "hill farms" to helpstop the erosion and "protect the water-shed". Some one half million acres werebought in the thirties and now form thebulk of New York's State Forests.

What to do with this newly acquiredland? Why, plant it to trees, of course. Allacross the land, tree planting was loudlyproclaimed to be one of the best cures forerosion. New York was no exception. Statetree nurseries were started and seedlingswere grown by the millions and givenaway or sold at a very small price.

Enter red pine, a native species whoserange is confined to the Northeast and theLake States. It generally grows on sandysoils but will grow on a variety of sites. Itwas easy to grow in the nurseries and easyto out plant in the field, but best of all, it

NY FOREST OWNER

survived and grew rapidly. The tree isstraight and well formed and quickly be-came one of the favorites for planting onthe newly acquired State lands and onprivate land as well. Of course, other spe-cies were planted: white pine, Scotch pine,Norway spruce, white spruce, and larchwere some of the common choices. Somewere great disappointments. Scotch pine,so common and so successful in Europe,grew rapidly, but exhibited very poor form,being quite twisted and crooked. Appar-ently, seed for this country was gatheredfrom short, poorly formed trees as thecones were easily reached. In the SouthernTier, white pine, the "lord of the northernforest", quickly fell prey to the white pineweevil. This small insect lays its eggs in theterminal shoot and the newly hatched lar-vae eat the woody material of the shoot,killing itand forcing one ofthe side branchesto take over as the new leader. After 3 or 4years of weevil attack, the tree was hope-lessly deformed and became known as"cabbage pine". Large plantations of whitepine became havens for the weevil and, forthe most part, the trees were renderedworthless. Plantings for spruce and larchmet with better success, and while nicestands of these trees remain today, theywere not planted as extensively as red pine.Hardwood plantings were tried, but it soonbecame evident that the sites were toodepleted from past agriculture to growthese more demanding species. Also, mosthardwoods are the favorite food for deerand rabbits.

No matter, red pine was there in increas-ing numbers, successful, straight, attrac-tive, and presumably useful. A review ofthe Conservation Department's annual re-ports shows that State tree nurseries pro-

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duced some 620 million trees from 1900 to1941 with the incredible number of 72million being distributed in 1936. Recordsindicate that about 40 percent of the pro-duction was red pine. This means thatabout a quarter of a billion red pine wereplanted in New York. By far the vastmajority of them were planted in the thir-ties. At the planting rate of about onethousand trees per acre, two hundred andfifty thousand acres of red pine were planted.While about half the trees shipped went toprivate owners, the largest and most suc-cessful red pine plantations were on StateForests in the southern tier.

So now the stage was set. During thewar years of the forties, forestry took aback seat and only maintenance and pro-tection occurred. After the war, crews werehired by the Department and more landwas bought and more trees planted. Allduring the fifties, the trees thrived andgrew but some problems were starting tosurface. Red pine is what is known as a"pioneer species". It is the first tree toreseed, along with aspen and pin cherry,after a disaster such as fire or blowdown,


Stagnation ?

and as with most pioneer species, it exhib-its very rapid early growth. The plantedtrees were no exception and grew veryquickly during their early years. How couldthis be bad? Well, it wasn't too bad. After20 years, the trees were about 30 feet talland some were 5 to 6 inches in diameter.The trees had, almost without exception,been planted at a 6 feet by 6 feet spacingand were beginning to crowd each other.At age 20 to 30, the trees grew and beganto lose their lower branches due to "sidepressure". As the crowns closed, light couldno longerreach down to the lower branchesand they began to die. With no light reach-ing the forest floor, all other vegetationbegan to die and the stands became "park-like".

Now the problems were becoming evi-dent. As the trees grew and the lower limbsdied, the amount of "live crown" decreased.As the amount of green needle surface wasreduced, growth slowed. It soon becameclear, that to maintain growth, the standswould have to be thinned. Unfortunately,in most of the areas of the State, there wereno markets for small diameter red pine.Some of the northeastern counties couldsell the pine as pulpwood to the big mills inthe area, but most places could not. Thismeant that thinning would be a cost to thelandowner. A certain percentage of thetrees would have to be removed to allowthe remainder room to grow. Many land-owners, including the State, did thinning,but many did not. Most who did, did not

, cover much of their acreage. Many meth-ods were tried; cutting, of course, girdling,which did not work because the trees were

NY FOREST OWNER

root grafted and the ungirdled trees "fed"the girdled ones, and a wide variety ofchemical treatments. Remember, in thefifties and sixties, chainsaws weighed 70 to80 pounds and did not cut nearly as well asthey do now. Probably the most prevalentmethod was that of axe frilling and injec-tion of a chemical, generally Sodium Ar-senite, a deadly poison, which is no longerallowed on the market. So, while manyacres were thinned, many more were not.After about 35 years, a condition thatbecame known as "stagnation" becameprevalent in many unthinned stands. Theywere so crowded that diameter growth wasreduced to a pittance, sometimes as low as30 rings to the inch. Surprisingly, heightgrowth remained quite good with trees ineven badly stagnated stands, adding a footor more in height every year. This growthpattern resulted in nice tall, straight trees.

Another problem was coming to theforefront. Hunters and wildlife managerswere beginning to look askance at the largeexpanses of parklike stands devoid of foodor cover for birds and animals. The phrase,"game desert" was quickly coined and setforesters and wildlife biologists againsteach other for a long time.

If that wasn't enough, as the stands grewto be 40 to 50 years old, a new phenomenonappeared. Pockets and small areas of somestands began to decline and die. Some ofthe areas were not so small. A rush of fieldinvestigations confmned the worst; thetrees on shallow clay soils, prevalent in theSouthern Tier, were running out of rootingroom and could no longer grow. The phrase"wetfoot" became common and gave for-

7

esters something else to worry about. Itbecame evident that as the stands becameolder and the trees became bigger andneeded more rooting room, the wetfootcondition would move to better and bettersoils and mortality might become signifi-cant.

Through all of this, the trees grew. It issurprising that such a large monoculturedid not attract more insect and diseaseproblems. Aside from minor attacks froma tip moth which deformed some trees anda small amount of mortality from Fornesannosus and a brief scare and some mortal-ity from Scleroderris canker, red pine hasremained surprisingly healthy and vigor-ous. In the seventies; some stands wereapproaching sawtimber size and began toattract attention from forest industry . Sometrees were harvested and sawed into lum-ber. Unfortunately, red pine lumber leavesa lot to be desired as the rapid juvenilegrowth pattern causes it to warp and twistbadly. But good old American ingenuitysurfaced once again as several enterprisingentrepreneurs discovered that if the logswere sawed square and the hearts were"boxed", the wood was useful as posts,decking material and landscape ties. Dur-ing the seventies and eighties, mills wereset up to utilize red pine exclusively inlarge quantities. Many companies and in-dividuals bought red pine, due to it'sstraightness and uniformity, for the con-struction of log cabins which had becomequite popular. Someofthe best stems weresold as telephone poles in Canada.

Owners of red pine were quick to takeadvantage of these markets, particularlythe State. Sales of red pine from StateForests started as a trickle in the seventiesand mushroomed to the present day levelof several hundred thousand treesannually.What form are these sales tak-

Time To Go


ing? Actually, they take many forms. Someare traditional thinnings that remove aportion of the trees and leave a good standof trees for future growth. Some are mixedstands and generally the red pine is re-moved to allow the other more long livedspecies to continue their growth. However,in many instances, the stands show symp-toms of decline due to poor soil conditions,stagnation, or both, and the forester mak-ing the sale decides to liquidate the stand.Liquidating the stand is a nice way ofsaying clearcut, and that is what happens.This brings us back to the title, ••End of anEra". In the Southern Tier, when red pineis clearcut, it does not regenerate itself. Inalmost all cases, a wealth of native hard-wood species had by now established them-selves in the understory and immediatelyafter the cut begin to grow vigorously, sovigorously that attempts to replant pine arethwarted. This is as pretty much planned.The early foresters knew that the old agri-cultural fields were too depleted to imme-diately grow native hardwoods and plantedthe less site demanding conifers. After 60years of needle, twig and branch deposi-tion on the forest floor, a thick mat oforganic matter formed. Fertility was re-turned to the site and now the native spe-cies could prosper. This is known as the"nurse crop" theory and in this case, it isworking.

How long will it take to remove all thered pine and the "era" to be truly ended?Estimates range from 20 to 30 years, de-pending on stand condition and markets,but the end is in sight. Many may think thatthe demise of such a grand tree a bad thing.However, many more do not. Remember

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NY FOREST OWNER

Two year old hardwood regenerationafter Red Pine clearcut.

the dismay of the wildlifers. They are verypleased wi th the clearcuts that provide amplefood and shelter for many species. Considerthe value of the tree. The stumpage pricehas never risen much above $50 per thou-sand board feet. The hardwoods that arereplacing it are much more valuable.

Red pine will never be totally eliminatedin New York. It is still being planted in asmall way. There is a native presence andsome natural regeneration. Some standswill be preserved for study. But as the daysof the large, unbroken red pine forests areending, we can say that it's tenure was mostsurely positive. It saved the soil, produceduntold quantities of useful fiber, providedgrand vistas, and set the stage for the returnof a healthy, native forest. Red pine willlong and fondly be remembered in NewYork.

Boblremeree, apastDirectorofNYFOA,is Assistant Regional Forester at theCortland office for the 9 county NYS DECRegion 7.

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8

SHARINGBy Robert Hazelton

Animal wildlife regardless of habi-tat is owned by everyone; but most of theland is owned by only a few. At certaintimes of the year New York State and theFederal Government permit the harvest ofa select species of animals as both a meansof fur, fish, and game management and foran equitable consumption. The perennialproblem is access and for a great manyspecies it's that time of the year.

A method of offering controlled accessto the hunting public is provided by theRegional Fish and Wildlife ManagementAct Boards. In 1957, New York State'sLegislature recognized the importance ofpri vate lands and landowners to successfulfish and wildlife management by passingthe Fish and Wildlife Management Act.This Act established the basis for privateland and water oriented programs to helpprotect and enhance fish and wildlife re-sources, to provide hunting and fishingopportunities for the public, toimprovelandowner/sportspersonrelations,and to safeguard the interests and rights oflandowners.

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The Regional FWMA Boards are inde-pendent, grass-roots organizations consist-ing of representatives of landowners,sportspersons, and coun ty legislatures fromeach county and appointed by each countyin the state.

In seeking to solve the problems associ-ated with granting the public hunting ac-cess, the boards developed the idea ofCooperative Hunting Agreements. Theseagreements provide positive benefits toboth the landowners and the hunters. Ac-cording to the agreements the New YorkState Department of Environmental Con-servation and landowners agree to engagein mutually beneficial habitat/wildlife man-agement plans and the public gains accessto those lands for hunting, thereby estab-lishing a Cooperative Area. In return theDepartment will post a "Restricted Zone"around the areas of greatest value andconcern, such as farm buildings, and pro-vide increased law enforcement patrols.Cooperators also receive other benefits;such as, general maintenance and clean-up, free shrubs and trees, and a free sub-scription to the DEC's, THE CONSER-VATIONIST.

In some Cooperative Areas, a permitstation is maintained and hunters mustobtain a daily permit. This system providesadded control by limiting the total numberof persons on the area at anytime. At otherCooperatives, a seasonal permit and iden-tification card must be obtained; and someCooperative Areas require no permits.

These systems provide for orderly pub-lic hunting access while protecting theinterests and concerns of the landowner.

One such Cooperative Area, establishedin 1968, is centered around King Ferry andencompassing lands in Cayuga andTompkins Counties. This "com country"

is visited annually by thousands of migrat-ing Canada Geese; and the region's abun-dant com fields are gleaned by the water-fowl which become tempting targets tomany passing hunters. Access has beencontrolled by a limited number of parkingareas and, then, since 1974, by a DECoperated check station. From the checkstation Department personnel determinethe number of permits given to hunters,establish hunting regulations, provide post-ing' and patrol the Cooperative Area.

A 1992 survey of the landowners indi-cated: the management and control of thehunters was the primary reason that thelandowners joined and remained membersof the Cooperative. When the hunters an-sweredrespectively from the same survey,they, too, stated that the management andcontrol of the hunters added to their enjoy-ment of hunting on the Cooperative Area.The Cooperative is open for the hunting ofall game in season - 40% of the huntingparties hunt geese, 28% hunt pheasant, and6% hunt for deer.

As part of the survey both groups wereasked for their opinion regarding the col-lection and distribution of a "user/accessfee". Both the landowners and hunterswere in favor of the collection of a user/access fee; however, they differed in theirrespective suggested distributions of themonies. Many of the hunters stated theirapproval of such a fee was contingent uponthe monies dedicated to improve wildlifehabitat, especially for Ring-necked Pheas-ants. Most of the landowners would wel-come some help with paying their taxes!

The Region 7 FWMA Board is investi-gating the questions of how to collect a feeand how it could best be used to benefitwildlife, landowners, and recreationists.

Bob Hazelton is the sportsperson repre-sentative for Cayuga County at the Region7 FWMA Board.

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9

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CHAPTER REPORTSC---AL-L-E-G-H-E-N-Y-F-O-O-T-H-IL-L-S-)( NORTHERN ADIRONDACK)

Thirty plus members attended our an-nual picnic, held this year atDavid Mowatt'sproperty in Franklinville on July 18. Aterrific day of barbecue and socializing.We also awarded the AFC Award for Out-standing Service to Marian and CharlieMowatt.

Over thirty members and guests touredparts of Cattaraugus County under theleadership of Dr. SteveEaton, who showedus the effects of the glacier age on vegeta-tion and the topography of our area. Wevisited unglaciated areas, terminal mo-raines and were shown lateral moraines.We ended up in an area that had beentotally covered by glaciers; and looked it!

On November 7th at 10 p.m. we willmeet in the Extension bldg. in Ellicottvilleto hear Bill Wininger talk on the feasibilityof raising Hybrid Chestnuts as an orchardcrop. On Dec. 12th we will meet from 1 to5p.m. for our annual Christmas Party. Thisyear our hosts will be Joann and MarkKurtis, 36 State Park Avenue, Salamanca.This is always one of our best"woodswalks".

( NIAGARA FRONTIER)On July 18 Jim Cheeseman and Russ

Cheney led our group on a tour of 11different ponds for our pond building work-shop. We were shown the differences,benefits, costs and pitfalls of pond build-ing. We also toured a fish hatchery and awetland.

On August 15th Bruce Robinson led atour of Chestnut Ridge Park. We looked atlarge stands of old growth timber, Ameri-can Chestnuts and found an old log 5' indiameter.

We will tour a state forest in Zoar onVail & Ungerroads for a historical view ofseveral plantations including Black Wal-nut, Black Cherry and American Chestnut.We will also look at some old growthhardwood with tremendous volume peracre. this will be on Nov. 7th at 10 a.m ..

David Colligan, Owner and BruceRobinson, forester, will give us a tour ofDave's woodlot which is marked for atimber sale. This will be on Dec. 5th at 10a.m. on Hayes Hollow Road. Bruce willexplain the reasons for marking specifictrees and the benefits to future harvestsfrom this cutting.NY FOREST OWNER

Thanks for your hospitality, NYFOA!We learned a few pointers about publish-ing newsletters and gaining membershipat the Chapter Workshop you sponsoredon Aug. 29 & 30 at Arnot Forest. A bigbenefit of this type of gathering is gettingto know the members and experiences ofother chapters. NAC thanks BettyDensmore, Charles Mowatt and thekitchen staff for a good show. We hopeNYFOA can continue these workshopson an annual basis.

Our woodswalk through the FernowPlantation on Sept. 5 was attended by 23adults and several children. Don Brownand Dave Forness provided expertise cov-ering many topics, including the planting' shistory, 21" Norway spruce and 24" whitepine, both beneficial (edible) and de-structive fungi, the white pine weevil,wildlife, timber marking techniques andplant identification. It was a superb day ina plantation that appears more like anatural wilderness, and the frosting wasenjoyed last: a lake-side picnic with goodcompanions at the Fish Creek Campsite.Thanks Don, Dave and DEC for the tourand accommodations.

(SOUTHEAST ADIRONDACK)On Aug. 22 we toured the "wildlife"

tree farm ofTony Conte near the Battenkillin Washington Co .. This walk was spon-sored by SAC and the NYS Tree FarmCommittee. Forty plus people enjoyedthe woodswalk. After coffee and distrib-uting 10 door prizes Valerie Luzadis-Auden of the Empire Forest ProductsAssociation presented Ron Cadeaux,Senior Forester, NYS DEC, an award asOutstanding Tree Farm Inspector.

Tony Conte and Ron Cadeaux guidedthe tour with stops to describe and discusswildlife management practices for grouse,turkey and deer habitat. We saw old farmfields seeded for wildlife with clover mixfor food and land planted with poplarnursery stock .... a "popular" food forgrouse. Further up we saw mature wood-land with a series of small clear cutswhich showed how to increase shelterand food for deer, turkey and grouse withnearby mast trees and fruit bearing shrubs.We observed how harvesting timber canenhance wild life habitat and help fi-

10

Valerie Luzadis-Alden of the Empire StateForest Products Association presents 1992New York Outstanding Tree Farm Inspec-tor Award to DEC Senior Forester RonCadieux.nance the cost of ownership. Trails were laidout to avoid erosion and make managementpossible for recreation and woodcutting.

Lunch was enjoyed on top of the tree farmat a scenic vista of Washington CountyHills.

A new experience for our chapter. Five ofus helped Ron Cadeaux man a booth at theWashington County Fair. Ernie Spencer,Jane and Dave Jenks and Polly and ErwinFullerton discussedForestStewardship withpeople who stopped at the booth.

( WESTERN FINGERLAKES )The September 12 woodswalk set up

by Mark Keister and the Nature Conser-vancy focused on the rare oak openingsin Bentley woods near Victor and theunique prairie grasses that grow there.These once common grasses have beenalmost eradicated by the encroachmentof civilization.

The WFL will host Beth and DavidBuckley on November 4 at 7:30 p.m. inthe Extension building on HighlandAvenue. The Buckleys will present anaudio/video program "Managing forWildlife", based on their 30 years expe-rience managing their property for thepurpose of attracting and sustaining avariety of wildlife. They will cover foodplots, shrubs, nesting sites and timberstand improvement. The Buckleys aretravel writers and photographers and thepresentation is a visual feast as well as aninteresting learning opportunity.


--- -----.---====~=========~~~---

( __ S_'(_)t;_1"I_'I_IF_~R_N_T_IE_~R )

On August 15 at the Molyneaux TreeFarm in Endicott, N.Y. over 100 membersof NYFOA's Southern Tier Chapter andBroome County Christmas Tree GrowersAssociation met to celebrate RichardMolyneaux's selection as 1992 New YorkState Tree Farmer.

Dick hosted a chicken barbecue supple-mented by "Pot Luck" dishes from theattendees. The occasion doubled as a cel-ebration of Dick's 73rd birthday, whichoccurred a few days earlier on August 12th.Tours of the tree farm were given to helpwalk off the ample food provided. Dickspent much of the day expressing thanks toall his friends and associates who havesupported his Tree Farm endeavors overthe years.

AttendeesincludedStateAssemblyman,Richard H. Miller; County Legislator,Katherine Greenmun,; local town officials,and the pastor and members of Dick'schurch; the West Endicott Baptist Church.

On Oct. 17th the STC and the BroomeCounty Christmas Tree Growers held ajoint meeting at the Webb log home modelcenter in Sherburne. We toured fabricationshops for both manufactured tongue andgroove log homes and handcrafted, customlog homes (Swedish Cope Method). Theplaning and precut mills were visited. Weended up viewing the various log homemodels existing at the site. Jim Webbhosted a hot dog roast, complete withdrinks. Members brought dishes to pass.

Dick Molyneaux posing with Tree FarmEquipment.

NY FOREST OWNER

Attendees helping with the corn shucking (above).

Dick thanking individuals/or their support. (below).

SIP StatusDespite the Congress recision, New York committed $1,051,000 to forest owners

across the state. A broad application of practices were approved. Many wildlifepractices are being installed; trees are being planted; forests are being improved;stream banks are being stabilized; and even some habitats of endangered species arebeing manipulated to enhance their chance for survival. SIP is working as planned.New York led the nation by committing more than any other state and about ten times

the average. NYFOA was a key player in the success of this new program. From allpredictions we've heard, the upcoming year will be funded at about the same level.I encourage you to stay in contact with your DEC service forester and be ready tocompete for these dollars. These incentives should be a great help to you in improvingyour forest resources for yourself and generations to come.

Michael Greason, Associate Forester, NYS DEC from Newsletter Capital DistrictChapter.

11

--'"'

'Despite tIU.national Mise regaraing ephemeral family values, fittfe substance is offered:tIU.foffowing series of articles offer a meaningjuf umisper.

A FAMILY VALUEBy Margaret Nagle

There are few things that remain con-stant in one's life. In my life, though, therehas been one constant that has always beenthere - a place that even today has a pow-erful presence. It has been so much a partof my family that it is hard to imagine nothaving some connection to this land. It isthe place we have referred to through theyears as "the farm," "the woods" or "thehill." But no matter how we've known itthrough the years, it is the one place that thefamily has come together. And it's that oneplace that, when the years have passed usall by, will still be.

My first memories of the farm are ofstanding in a stark field on a cold, gray,early spring day. I'm not sure I ever re-member a tree planting day when the windwas not whipping in those fields. I remem-ber buckets of ice-cold water and row uponrow of seedlings being tucked in the holemade by the grubhoe. I remember Momalways reminding us that this was the sameactivity she did on the first day of herhoneymoon. I can also recall the initialthrill of picking up those countless bundlesof seedlings, and the dog-tiredness at theend of the planting sessions.

Likewise, for as long as I can remem-ber, there was Dad's enthusiasm and loveof that land that eventually infused all ofus. I can 'tconfess to understanding it in thebeginning. But his commitment to thewoods was always there.

There were times that it bordered on anobsession. Virtually every weekend wepilgrim aged from our home to the hill.We'd don our oldest clothes, get up atseemingly the crack of dawn and spend ourweekends working in the woods, oftenbattling deer flies or dodging little greenworms dangling from the trees, and return-ing at suppertime to a one-room cabin. Itmeant leaving civilization as I knew it - theoccasional school dance that I was miss-ing, the hours on the phone with my girl-friend.

Perhaps it was when I went away fromthe land, that! came to recognize its impor-tance and value. In the urban sprawl of theWashington, D.C. area, I started remem-bering the winding trails through the woodsthat I loved to walk, the great hemlockwhere porcupines always lived, the pondwhere we learned to swim right along withfrogs and fish, the deer that stood in thefield every evening, the wildflowers. Tothis day, wildflowers are among my favor-

NY FOREST OWNER

ite things in the world. Dad once said I waslike a young heifer let out to spring pasturewhen I spied the first violets, trillium andmayflowers of the season.

I took my first forestry course at theUniversity of Maryland. I took it not onlybecause I was interested in it, but to showDad that I cared about the woods he soloved. I was first in that class. I proudlyacknowledge that my brother and I weretrouping through the woods with hatchetsas soon as we were old enough to holdthem. I can vividly describe the years thatwe spent girdling trees to apply the ghastlysmelling purple poison. It was hard work,but when I walk through Dad's woodstoday I realize it was worth it.

Something MoreBesides the memories of virtually grow-

ing up in those woods, I remember aboveall Dad's steadfast commitment to theland. I realize now that often the weekendson the hill were a form of escape from arigorous week of work that paid our bills.But there was something more - a realvision for the future. He was an environ-mentalist before such an occupation wasthe "in"thing to be. It's because ofhim that

I have such a love of nature and interest inconservation that I will now pass on to mydaughter.

I have also come to realize that all of thiswould not have been possible without Mom.She was the one who packed and unpackedthe car before and after each weekendexcursion. She kept two homefires burn-ing, and was there through the good timesand bad. I admire her self-sacrifice, herdevotion to Dad's dreams and her owncommitment to the woods. If Dad was thedriving force behind the years we gave tothe woods, Mom was the glue that held itall together, made it all possible.

Today Iphysically remain miles awayfrom the Cattaraugus County land, butthose woods will always haveaplace in myheart.

Margaret Nagle is a professional jour-nalist, currently employed by the Univer-sity of Maine. She wrote this tribute for herparents,Allegheny Foothills Chaptermem-bers, Helen and Bob Nagle, on the occa-sion of their being awarded 1991Cattaraugus County Woodland's Managerof the year.

Damn.Logger. s/. ..

llyGreggMackey..< ..>/... ..•....•.•....•. .. ...•...•.•... ... < . .......•.•.••....., ••••.•..<i .......> ..... < •............i§tafldinkwith his eii# yeai oldson,Jim, ChllckSmith lookedonasthelogger felled .

tMmarkedtrees, limbedtllemlIp, slddded themfuthe header ahdsa.wedthem into logs,Anoth&loggerloaded the logs·.on his truck.'Fulfy ·loaded;th{hugeriggrunted ··andgroanedllJ"ldertheweighrof the logs as it pulled onto the roadway ,slowl y picking IIpsp~4Wifheaded a.way.. .....•.•.••.••. ••••.•.••••••.....••.•.•.• .•• ......> .. .: -". ...Chllck$h6okhisheitdindisgl.ist."Ineverwouldllavehadthispla.cebuiltin.thecountry

ifI'd1(nowrithatthe property across theway wasg()ing t6bedestroyed bydamn loggers. <.Thoseb6iUtiflil treeS-they're g()ne!" exclainiedCbuck. "Is itWrong for those merltoiaICetrees away ;Dad?"askedTirrl."Of course it' swrong, Tim! Rern~m berEarth Day? ...Remernbeihow we learned that wecan't live withou ttrees? Of course it' swrong, Tim;andI'Illgoing todosornethingaboutit!"proclaimed Chuck. .> ..••... i... .. . .... ... .Jmitthen; ChuckrefTlembered agroup of people who had a booth set up at the park()nA:uihpay- they ca.lIed.themselyes"Savi()rsoftheTrees." ...•.•....../i<.. GIU1Fk. turned away, heading for hisbiand ne\Vspruce framed horne; He walked lip ..hisxellowpinefrontstepS,:iFrOsshislrr-deckedlrontporch;.into.Ns poplar trimmedH9ntroomwith its gorgeollswide pine floofthr0ughhis.cherrycabineti;!d kitchen,gra})})inghis checkbook off thehardmaplecountertop.Next;he headed up thebirch~t<:lir¢¥e<lllddown thehall to hisoakwainscotedstudy, parking himself in his ash officeFhai!"athis',Valnut desk-He· then tore amade-from-hemlockspulpcheck from hischeckboOk and wrote outaheftycheck to "Saviors of the Trees." J<. . .iyoung·Tim·thenenteredthe·study;Holding·thecheckinhis hancl,Cnuck turn.edtollissonandsaid, "Tim,thischeck is one way we can put aIlendt6these loggers. Wecan'tlive without trees." . . .. ..

:(,:.: .. ". -<" - -::. :<::::.:-: .:-:,:.:-:- -':}:::>:<\<"-><From The Northern Logger,Nov,1990,Gregg,apart-timelogger ,resideswithhiSWl!e,ffrJfi.14 Who is expecting theirsec07ldchiid (lVov:l, 1992) in porterCorners, NY:/<


A TIME TO PLANTBy Bonnie Colton

Iwalked the yard this afternoon, stop-ping every few inches to pick up acorns.The neighbors have a big old oak treewhich drops its bounty indiscriminately onboth lawns.

Acorns have always fascinated me.Topped with tiny Scottish-looking tarns,they almost beg to have faces painted onthem. But I put them in a bag instead,planning to take them to the woods and helpnature plant them. Our woods have no oaktrees and we'd like to encourage some togrow there in the open spots.

Someone once said it takes an optimistto plant a tree. That's because trees take solong to grow up, only an optimist wouldexpectto sit in the shade of one he'd plantedor to cut it down for lumber.

Really, it takes optimism to plant anykind of seed. Even in short-term settingssuch as a garden the soil may not be fertileenough to yield a good crop. The rain maydrown the seed or the lack of rain mayshrivel it. The sun may scorch it or the lackof enough sunshine may make the soil toocool for germination.

But we plant gardens just the same. Andthere is plentiful reward in watching themgrow. And sometimes there is disappoint-ment when they don't survive. But we stillplant them.

And we still plant trees, often rewardedby seeing them grow and thrive. We maynotexpectto benefitfrom them personally,but we want to leave the earth in bettershape then we found it. There's no denying

Managed Timberland$550,000 ($230 per acre). 2,392+ acres.Upstate New York, 26 miles west ofPlattsburgh. Approx. timber value$680,000 includes est. 4.8 mil. BF sawlogs(38% Sugar Maple, 27% Spruce/Fir). Goodlong-term forest investment opportunity.

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Contact owner for map and info:Thomson Timber Resources Co., P.O.Box 128, Lyme, NH 03768

NY FOREST OWNER

that trees will help that to happen. If theyare given a chance to grow to maturity.

That's a bit like bringing children intothe world. We plant the "seeds" and nur-ture the "seedlings" until they grow strong.Sometimes a prevailing wind bends a youngsapling and we tie it to stakes to help itgrow straight and tall.

Just so with our teens=sometimes aprevailing fad or social aberration beginsto bend them out of shape and we tie themto the stakes of family values and religiousheritage and worthwhile goals and long-term perspective, hoping these stakes willstraighten them out and help them growtall and strong in character.

We plant other seeds, too. We plantseeds of friendship when we smile at folkswe meet on the street, when we compli-ment someone for an achievement, whenwe show interest in someone's projects.We nurture seeds of friendship when wevisit someone who is lonely, when welisten to someone who needs to talk, whenwe lend a helping hand or comfort some-one who is hurting.

And when the winds of misunderstand-ing or injured feelings or differences ofopinion threaten to bend and twist a grow-ing friendship, we tie it to the stakes offorgiveness and patience and loyalty andencouragementto help it grow strong again.

And so I gather acorns, knowing somewill rot and some will be eaten by squirrelsand insects. But some WILL grow. Andyears from now others will be glad thatsomeone had the foresight and the opti-mism to plant those trees.

We didn't plant a garden this year-toomany other projects. But some of our neigh-bors did, and have shared their surplus withus. We are certainly glad they took the timeto plant those seeds and we appreciated the

seeds of friendship sown when they sharedtheir lettuce, cucumbers, squash, zucchi-nis, tomatoes and beets.

It was years ago we planted the begin-nings of our family. Our children havegrown tall and strong and, like oak trees ina park, they give refuge and comfort andbeauty to those around them. I turn, theyhave dropped their "acorns" and nurturedthe growth of another generation.

"To everything there is a seasonAnd a time to every purpose underheaven ..."A time to gather acorns

From beneath the autumn oak,A time to scatter acorns

In a clearing in the wood,A time to watch excitedly

As new young growth appears,A time for satisfaction

When the sun and rain are good.

A time for raising childrenWith tender loving care,

A time to set protective stakesWhen threat'ning winds abound

A time to loose the family bondsAnd let our "young trees" free,

A time to bask in blessingsOf the "new shoots" gathered round.

A time to plant a friendship seedAnd nurture it along,

A time to sow a helpful deed,To fill a heart with song.

To everything there is a time--Don't let that time slip by--

A tree, unplanted, never willReach up to touch the sky!

Bonnie serves NYFOA's affiliate THRIFTas their newsletter, HILLTALK's Editor.


1992 Professional Timber Harvester AwardBy Linda Luchsinger

The New York State Timber Produc-ers Association has promoted the interestsand well being of the timber harvestersince its formation in 1970. The Profes-sional Timber Harvester Award is pre-sented once a year to commend a timberharvester for outstanding practices in areasof; management, safety performances,condition and appearanceoflogging equip-ment and woodlot, and history in the log-ging industry.

This years award for PROFES SION ALTIMBER HARVESTER of 1992 goes toRudy Stempel, owner and operator of RudyStempel and Family Sawmill, inEastBerne,N.Y. Rudy was nominated by Ralph A.Hotaling, Jr.

Rudy was born into a farming familywhere he learned to cut trees early for theannual harvest of firewood, used in thelarge family farmhouse. Rudy grew, andlearned well, the correct ways to harvest awoods, but his wood cutting and farmingwas put on hold while he served in theUnited States Army in Korea for two years.

Rudy came back to the family farm inEast Berne; after his tour of duty andmarried Sheila. After 2 children it wasclear that a home was needed to be built tohouse hisown family---this is where Rudy 'sfirst sawmill entered into the picture. It wasa "Lane" Hand-set mill, powered by hisfather's farm tractor.

Rudy knew how to cut trees and work awoods, cutting selectively, so that therewould always be trees for future genera-tions, but he did not know how to saw. Hewent to work for a time at a sawmill locatednear by, where he was befriended by thesawyer, Fred St. Pierre, from Canada. Fredcame to the Stempel farm in the winter of1955, and built himself a one-room build-ing. By the time spring arrived, Fred hadnot only taught Rudy how to saw, but alsoprovideda lesson in survival. The need tosucceed with his teachings completed, Fredreturned to his job in the city.

As Rudy's family grew, he taught hisson's Brian, Greg, and Eric how to work awoods. He taught Brian and Greg the les-sons of sawing he learned from his teacherFred, but his son Eric passed away beforehe had a chance to teach him. Rudy isproudof his boys Brian and Greg and says "Theyhave learned their lessons well when itcomes to harvesting trees. When visitingany of their job sites, it is hard to tell ifanyone has ever cut trees on them. Loggingroads are left clear and groomed, and wher-ever necessary, landings and areas areseeded to bring back what was there beforethey worked the woods."

Rudy makes sure every bit of a tree cutis utilized, nothing goes to waste. Hard-wood cull logs, as well as hardwood slabsare used for heating homes--sawdustgoesto the farmers in the area, for bedding their

livestock-bark is used for landscaping--and now, with the introduction of a chipperand hog at the sawmill site, all leftovers arechipped and sold to a company who in turnsells the chips to another company thatmanages the sludge generated by waste incity sewage plants. The end product is acompost that is sold for capping landfillsand making turf for ball fields.

Rudy employs a total of seven full-timeemployees, including his own family, anda few part-time employees when the needarises. All those working for Rudy mustmaintain the same high quality of work-manship that he requires of himself, so thathis lessons and ideals will continue onthrough his children, long after he stopsworking.

Rudy's logo, "Plant a Tree Today, ForOur Future Tomorrow", appears on all hisstationery. Part of the family homesteadhas been turned into a Tree farm where thegrandchildren can learn logging fromscratch, and hopefully, will carry the busi-ness on for generations to come.

Rudy still has a small hand-set mill, thatis kept as a reminder of his beginnings inthe world of "logging".

Stempel's Sawmill in Berne. N.Y. was therecent site of a Capital District Chapterwoodswalk.

A SUCCESSION THAT NEEDS TO SUCCEEDBy Peter S. Levatich

It is evening as I stand by my house atthe edge of my woodland and look downinto the valley. Only the smoke movesslowly from the chimney. The sky is clearyet full of color. It is very quiet andeternally peaceful.

It was not always like this. About 200years ago the first settler arrived and startedto remove the woodland., He needed toplant a crop to live. The first name I foundbelongs toMoses Reed who sells to DanielReed in 1816. From then to 1976, when Ibought, 20 owners came and went. An 8year average ownership tenure maybeenough if you have annual crops and needto management plan. Eleazer Carter, theyounger, and "Juliette, his wife" already

NY FOREST OWNER

lived here when he received ownershipfrom his dad in 1841. The foundation oftheir house is only 100 feet from mine, buta world separates us otherwise.

He and those before him cutwith ahandsaw, an ax and used fire. There was nogasoline, electricity, or motor power andthe woman was the only home appliance.They took the forest down with an enor-mous labor. I am using the world's bestforestry equipment to improve, with care,what I found on the land and take a hotshower at the end of the day. I have amanagement plan, and a large assistancefrom modern science technology. I do notneed the forest to live.

The cycle is almost complete. Butas thewoodland darkens around me and mystery

14

creeps into the shadows, I wish I knewwhat will follow when I am also gone. Willanyone care to continue? And not justcontinue, but keep it up for 50 years atleast, until the first forest crop rotation iscompleted? Eight year long ownershipperiods are too short for this. And the sizeof the land should not get smaller by sub-divisions lest management be threatenedeven more. Should I commit this woodlandto the480-As process and force my succes-sors? Should I donate the woodland to theConservancy? Should I ask the kids, whorightly pursue their own agenda all overthis country, to come back and take over?Could they do so even if they wanted to?Should I just have faith that whoever ac-quires the land will see value in sustainedharvests, in quality, in the readily apparentbeauty of a balanced forest stand and a


Successionteeming ecosystem; in biodiversity, or inwhatever the next term will be? Can any-one help me decide? Or is that not pos-sible ... ?!

somewhere; a solution will need to befound. Maybe it lies in education. Perhapsin a cultural strengthening, some sort of anethos which we ought to build in ourselvesand our fellow men.

The light comes on in the house and Ibetter go in to tend to the necessities of themoment. The spell is not broken, onlypostponed; to be taken up again on anotherday. There has to be an answer to all this

We should not give up on this.

Peter, aformer Director ofNYFOA, hosteda 1992 Fall Meeting Woodswalk forNYFOA.

Custom Signs

-- VOSS SignsDept. NIT. Box 553. Manlius. N.Y. 13104

Ph. (315) 682-6418 .(Mon.·Fri.9·5)

F'lmUy Owned &; Operated for over 25 years

NY FOREST OWNER 15

"If I can't have Roots; then, Let me have Wings." Leo Szilard, early nuclear scientist.NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1992

Ask A Forester: The Black LocustBy Michael R. Bridgen

B lack locust has a "French Connection".Henry of Navarre, son of Anthony of

Bourbon, the dukeofVendome, and Jeanned' Albret, Queen of Navarre, was formallycrowned King Henry IV of France in 1594.While struggling with the growing de-mandsofreligious tolerance at home, Henryencouraged explorations in the New World,such as those of Samuel de Champlain.

Henry IV was also interested in agricul-ture. Two of his herbalists, a father and sonteam, Jean and Vespasien Robin, intro-duced into France plant specimens theyhad collected in North America. One of thenew species was black locust, Robiniapseudoacacia L.

France began importing seedlings soonafter the Robin's fmdings. Plantings wereestablished across Europe. Large quanti-ties of seed were imported into Englandduring the early 1800's. Seedlings wereestablished on the Great Hungarian Plainfor soil stabilization at the beginning of the19th century. Other countries currentlycultivating the species include the Repub-lic of Korea, Hungary, the former SovietUnion, Romania, France, Bulgaria, Yugo-slavia, Czechoslovakia and China. Next toEucalyptus, locust is probably the mostwidely planted broadleaf tree species inthe world today.

Locust also has a "New York" connec-tion. It has been planted throughout thestate, even in the most northern counties. Itdoes very well on Long Island and in theHudson River Valley. A variety, Shipmastlocust, was first introduced into New Yorkaround 1686. (This variety probably origi-nated in Randolph County ,West Virginia.)Farmers used it for fence posts, lum ber andshipmasts. Stands of trees would be estab-lished at the birth of a child to provide adaughter's dowry or a son's initial lumbersupply. Locust tree nails used in the Ameri-can fleet's ships were instrumental in bring-ing about the British defeat on LakeChamplain during the war of 1812.

Also called yellow, white, red, green,post, or honey locust, or false acacia, it isa medium size tree. Although individualtrees have been recorded over 100 feet tall,40 to 60 feet is an average height. Blacklocust can be easily recognized by its leavesand thoms, or spines, on the branches. Theleaves are about ten inches long. They arecompound, made up of 7 to 19 oval orelliptical leaflets, each about one to two

NY FOREST OWNER

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inches long. Pairs of thorns develop at theleaf base. The thorns may remain on thestem for several years, and falling into alocust thicket can be a painful experience!

Locust flowers develop after the leaves.They form clusters of white, fragrant, per-fect flowers. Honey produced from themdoes not crystallize.

A member of the Bean Family, locustproduces seed pods. Each pod is four toeight inches long and contains four to eightseeds. Like other legumes, its roots main-tain a symbiotic association with Rhizo-bium bacteria, which convert atmosphericnitrogen into an organic form available toplants. Locust trees usually "fix" morenitrogen than they use. The annual shed-ding of leaves, twigs and fine roots in-crease soil fertility wherever they aregrown.

Black locust produces a heavy, or high-density wood fiber. Chemical extractivesin the wood give it both a yellow-brownappearance and resistance to insects andfungal decay. The wood is frequently usedfor fence posts, mine timbers, railroad ties,and stakes. In Europe, locust is cut intolumber for building construction. It bumswell and is highly desired for firewood.There is growing interest to use locust infuel wood or biomass plantations.

Although it grows best on a low acid, ornear-neutral soil, locust can survive onvery highly acid soils. Sites which are tooexposed or which have soils too com-pacted for other species may successfullybe planted to locust. Surface mine lands inPennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentuckyare frequently planted with locust seed-lings. Not only does it survive the harshsites, it improves soil quality, allowingnatural succession of other forest trees.

Ecological value, fast growth rate, anduseful wood products make black locust adesirable tree. So why isn't it used moreextensively in the United States? Mostpeople who know locust often consider itugly, deformed, maybe even grotesque. Itsappearance is caused by insect damage.Here in its native country, locust is at-tacked by several insect pests. Locust bor-ers are the most damaging ones. Borerlarvae drill into the sapwood and heart-wood, leaving openings for heart rot fungi.Trees affected by these borers will oftenhave large, decaying openings on the mainstem where it will often break. Two otherdamaging insect pests are the locust leafminer and the locust twig borer. Although

16

Black locust has deep, verticle ridges.

less destructive than the locust borer, theycan cause deformity, loss of aesthetic valueand growth loss. Fortunately, these pestshave not been introduced to Europe orAsia.

Proper silviculture practices can helpinsure good growth in a locust stand. Aplanting site should have a good supply ofmoisture, but be well-drained. Weeds andother competition must be eliminated orcontrolled. Phosphorus fertilization usu-ally gives a positive response, as it does toall leguminous species. When thesecondi-tions are met, black locust may out-growinsect damage and develop into useful andphysically attractive trees.

Dr. Bridgen is an assistant professor withthe New York State Ranger School. theForestTechnology Programfor SUNY ESF.He teaches dendrolo gy. aerial photo gram-metry and silviculture.

Ken Westfall (607) 693·1031

APPALACHIN FORESTRYP. O. Box 208 Harpursville, NY 13787SERVICES & TIMBER APPRAISAL

T.S.I. Work Done

Marketing Forest Products& Forest Properties''licensed for real estate


NEW CORPS OF MASTER FOREST OWNERS CERTIFIEDNew York's "Master Forest Owner/CO-

VERTS Program" graduated 34 MasterForest Owner (MFO) volunteers from a 3-day training held at Cornell's Arnot Teach-ing and Research Forest. These experi-enced and highly motivated forest ownersare now certified as "Master Forest Own-ers" and are ready to assist neighbor forestowners with managing their forests. Theterm "COVERTS", meaning good grousehabitat, refers to a similar program fundedby The Ruffed Grouse Society.

The program ,s goal is to have the volun-teer MFO's meet with local, less experi-enced forest owners to encourage and mo-tivate them to practice sound forest man-agement principles. While at the training,the MFO's participated in classroom andfield exercises on sawtimber and wildlifemanagement, forest economics, and forestecology. In addition, they learned howforest owner needs can be met with theassistance of public and private agenciesand organizations, and the services of pro-fessional resource managers such as forest-ers.

Forest owners from across the state maycontact aMFO, free of charge, for informa-tion about the program and/or to discussopportunities for obtaining the most fromone's woods.

A survey of 1991 's class (the program'sfirst) of 29 MFO's indicated that a mini-mum of 151 forest owners were visited,representing a total ownership of nearly15,000 acres.

The NY Master Forest Owner/CO-VERTS program is sponsored by the RuffedGrouse Society, The National Wild TurkeyFederation and the NY Forest StewardshipProgram with cooperation from CornellCooperative Extension, NYS Departmentof Environmental Conservation and theNY Forest Owners Association. Trainingfor this year's Master Forest Owners wasconducted by Cornell Cooperative Exten-sion in conjunction with SUNY College ofEnvironmental Science and Forestry fac-ulty, NYS Department of EnvironmentalConservation (DEC) foresters, professionalconsulting and industry foresters, 1991MFO' s, and volunteers from the NY ForestOwners Association.

For more information about theprogram's benefits andalistofMFO' s nearyou, contact either your County CornellCooperative Extension Office or NYS DECRegional Office. Any questions about theprogram will be answered by the ProgramDirector, Gary R. Goff, Fernow Hall,Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-3001,(607)255-2824.

NY FOREST OWNER

1992 Master Forest OwnersCayuga County Gloversville, NY 12078 Massena, NY 13662Lyle Aldrich (518) 661-6053 (315) 769-5340RD M,box 90Moravia, NY 13118 Onondaga County Donald O'Shea(315) 497-1316 Thomas Ellison 822 Pearl Street

2851 Estey Road Ogdensburg, NY 13669Columbia County Manlius, NY 13104 (315) 393·5l37Robert Gallow (315) 682-9376Catskill View Road Saratoga CountyHollowville, NY 12530 VemHudson William Clarke(518) 851-9445 252 Chatfield Road 182 Wells Road

Elbridge, NY 13060 Porter Comers, NY 12859Delaware County (315) 689-3314 (518) 893-2354Richard KnightRR I, Box 184 Bill Minerd Schobarie CountyHancock, NY 13783 1123 Cold Springs Rd. John Riedl(607) 637-2441 Liverpool, NY 13088 Gusty Comers, Box 24

(315) 451-3712 Gilboa, NY 12076Jade McShane (607) 588-7711466 W. Walnut Street Robert SykesLong Beach, NY 11561 4786 Foster Road Tioga County(516) 431-8021 Elbridge, NY l3060 Robert Weber

(315) 673-3691 93 Kelsey RoadDutchess County Candor, NY 13743John & Jane Geisler Ontario Cou nty (607) 659-3395Milewood Road Donald & Suzanne GroszVerbank. NY 12585 7100 Gulick Road Tompkins County(914) 677-9909 Naples, NY 14512 Marjorie Devine

(716) 374-5205 610 Braley Hill Rd.Robert Gunther Brooktondale, NY 14817P.O. Box 368 John Keohane (607) 659-3127Millbrook, NY 12545 7000 Porter Road(914) 677-3400 Naples, NY 14512 Peter Levatich

(716) 374-5595 158 Bailor RoadEssex County Brooktondale, NY 14817Gerald Smith Robert & Patricia Rector (6107) 539-7049P.O. Box 44 1600y. Rd. 27Elizabethtown, NY 12932 Clifton Springs, NY 14432 Ulster County(518) 873-9515 (315) 597-2587 Robert Cruickshank

Cruickshank RoadFranklin County MalkWest Big Indian, NY 12410Richard Regan 4312 Geneva Turnpike (914) 254-5764414 Grace Court Canandaigua, NY 14424Holbrook. NY 11741 (716) 396-0065 Warren County(516) 585-3410 Erwin & Polly Fullerton

Oswego County RD2, Box 530Garth Stephen Wendell Rowell Hudson Falls, NY 12839RFD #1, Box 1010 9494 Ellisburg Rd. (518) 747-7230Chateaugay, NY 12920 Sandy Creek, NY 13145(518) 497-3351 (315) 387-5553 Charles Jefts

Old Post RoadFulton County SL Lawrence County Lake George, NY 12845Walter Kaulfuss Theo & Harry Howe (518) 668-5342387 Cty. Hwy. 146 HC 61, Box 454


the dead terminal forms a new leader,preventing the crook that is so damaging inwhite pine.

WHITE PINE WEEVILBy Douglas C. Allen

In 1917, Julia Ellen Rogers published abook on the common trees of NorthAmerica. Her description of white pineinvites the reader to "study a sapling pineand see in its vigorous young growth thefulfillment of nature's plan, before stormshave broken any of the branches andchanged the mathematics of the pattern."Those of you who have seen virgin standsof white pine at the Pack Forest inWarrensburg or at isolated locationsthroughout the Adirondacks, have someappreciation for the straight and vigorousimage that Rogers portrayed for this "princeofthe forest". Little did she know, nor didanyone else for that matter, that once theoriginal "ancient" pineries werecuta smallsnout beetle would forever alter the math-ematics of young white pine growththroughout much of the tree's range.

The InsectWhite pine weevil adults (Fig. 1) are

one-quarterof an inch long and brown withdistinct patches of whitish to reddish brownscales. The head is tapered anteriorly andthe mouthparts occur at the end of a slenderbeak or snout. This insect is considered thegreatest obstacle to growing quality whitepine in the eastern United States.

Life HistoryAdults overwinter in the litter and

emerge from late March through April. Inthe northeast, emerging females seek whitepine or Norway spruce where they feed onthe inner bark tissue of shoots and depositeggs in punctures that they excavate in thebark immediately below the terminal bud.

NY FOREST OWNER

White, grub-like larvae hatch from theeggs and feed downward beneath the bark,which quickly girdles and kills the leader(Fig. 2A). Before feeding ceases, they alsodestroy the previous one to two years'increment of height growth in white pine.When feeding is completed, larvae pupatein coffin-like cavities excavated in the

Fig.2A. White pine leadericurrentyear'sht. growth, black arrow) and whorl oflateral branches killed by weevil. Whilearrow indicates extent of feeding,

center of the dead leader. The cavities arelined with small, excelsior-like wood shav-ings. These "chip cocoons" protect theimmobile pupa. The next generation ofadults emerges between late July and earlySeptember, at which time the new weevilsfeed on the inner bark of branch tips beforedescending to the litter.

The DamageWeevil injury is important if a land-

owner wants to manage white pine forsawtimber. Attacks are usually confinedto young trees less than 20 feet tall. Larvalfeeding significantly reduces merchant-able height and causes a sweep or crook inthe butt log, the most valuable section ofthe tree bole. A crook results in white pinewhen the terminal shoot dies and one of thelateral shoots in the second or third whorlof branches (depending on how far downthe stem larvae feed) takes over as theleader. In Norway spruce a new bud below

18

ValueWood from white pine is light and

durable, but soft and easily worked. Dur-ing the 1950s, '60s and early '70s, stump-age prices of white pine sawtimber weredismal, fluctuating between $8 to $50 perthousand board feet. Prices have creptupward in the last couple of decades andduring the late 1980s and early 1990saverage value was $75 to $120 per thou-sand. As sources of western softwoodsbecome off limits to harvesting, the valueof our eastern pines may continue to in-crease. Recently, 6.9 million acres ofspotted owl habitat in the pacific north-west, the most productive forestland in theworld and a major source of our softwoodlumber, was taken out of production. Thedemand for this material is not likely todecrease, so markets will look elsewhere.

Stewardship RecommendationsIf your objective is to grow commer-

cially valuable white pine, there are anumber of ways to minimize weevil dam-age.

Direct Control:Un young plantations, physically re-

move (clip and destroy) infested leaders assoon as they begin to wilt or turn color,usually in early July. The most effectivemethod of pruning is to also remove alllateral shoots except one in the whorlimmediately beneath the dead or injuredportion of the stem (Fig. 2B). This elimi-nates competition for the leader positionand accelerates straightening of the newterminal.

2.Treat the leader and adjacent lateralbranches with an appropriate insecticide inlate March-earl yApril (when adults emergeand seek egg laying sites) or early fall(when adults feed prior to wintering in thelitter). Studies in Maine suggest that falltreatment may be more effective, becauseweevils are accessible for a longer time,timing is not as critical, weevils are ex-posed on more horizontal targets (lateralbranches) than in the sprin g, and beneficialinsects inside infested leaders are pro-tected from the insecticide.

NOVEMBERfDECEMBER 1992

Indirect Control:l.Shading of white pine by a hardwood

overstory has long been recognized as aviable silvicultural method that discour-ages weevil attack. Shading makes termi-nals less attractive to weevils. but it alsoretards height growth.

2.A recent analysis of plantations inQuebec suggests that cumulative weevildamageis lesson well to moderately drainedsandy loam soils. White pine grows mostrapidly under this condition, which de-creases the probability of weevil attack.That is, trees are more likely to grow out ofthe susceptible height range in a shorterperiod of time.

Fig. 2B. White pine after weevil damagehas been pruned.

Final OptionLandowners who have no interest in the

commercial value of their white pine canignore the weevil. Even though tree formmay suffer and height growth is impeded,weevil damage will not kill the host. Mosttrees eventually overcome an attack andattain a reasonably stately appearance.

I thank Mike Greason, NYS, DEC, Albanyfor information on stumpage prices andLarry Abrahamson, SUNY, CESF, Syra-cuse for reviewing an early draft of thisarticle.

Professor Allen is a forest entomologistwith the FAculty of Environmental andForest Biology at ESF SUNY. This is hissixth article in the series.

NY FOREST OWNER

Winter Tour a Cure for Cabin FeverNYFOA Offers Southern and Alpine Tours

LouSand(Mrs.BobSand)andMassachusettsforestownerDal1:.~efCotton(r)marvelingat the Noble Fir Christmas trees they encountered at this tree farm in Denmark. Theyoung forester at left, Fin Jacobsen, was a sort of consulting forester on the island ofFunen.

Just about the time you'll be wanting tobust out and hurry spring along, NYFOAcan take you where spring is already arriv-ing.

Join NYFOA for a "cabin-fever-curetour" headed south March 13-23. We'll bevisiting a wide variety of forest ownersalong the way, folks much like ourselves,and some pretty extraordinary ones, too.

Plans call for visits to one of the south-ernmost maple syrup producers in the US,to Jefferson's Monticello in Charlottesville,Virginia; and to Biltmore Estate inAsheville. North Carolina, often called the"cradle of American Forestry."

We'll spend a couple nights at the fabu-lous Callaway Gardens where you relax,walk in the gorgeous and manicured land-scape, and even learn how they operatetheir private hunting facilities.

We'll also have a get-together in Geor-gia with the well-established southern For-est Farmers Association to see how it oper-ates and what it offers its members.

But it's not all forestry. We'll makesome stops at a few well-known and fasci-nating stops such as Colonial Williamsburgand Busch Gardens, too.

Best of all, you'll be traveling with

people who share your interest, peoplewho'll become lifelong friends.

Interested? Check the box and we'llsend you the details.

Those Gorgeous AlpsIt's hard to think of the fabled Alps

without thinking of forests and cordwoodpiled tight against snug chalets. Just howdo the rugged folks of the Swiss, Austrian,and Bavarian Alps manage their woods? Ifyou haven't been there to see it first-hand,you're in for an experience!

We're planning an Alpine tour May 9-23 and it promises to be as memorable asall the other NYFOA tours of the past:visits to private woodland owners - some-times ending up at a little cabin for a toastto the forest, sometimes a dinner hosted bya local forest-owners' group. As always,we allow free time for poking around smalltown antique shops and farmers' marketsas well as visits to "must see' attractionslike King Ludwig's castles.

Want to come?Find out moreby check-ing the box and sending it in.

Tours are being arranged by AlanKnight, who has organized many NYFOAand other agricultural tours over the past 15years.

Yes, I'd like to find out more about these NYFOA tours.Please send me information about

Please check the tour(s) of interest, clip, and return to:Alan Knight, 96 Targosh Road, Candor, New York 13743.

(Please include your name and address when returning this form.)

o the NYFOA Southern Tour March 13-23.

o the NYFOA Alpine Tour May 9-23.


R.J. Fox, EditorRD#3, Box 88Moravia, NY 13118

1992 NY State Fair

Photo by William Snyder, Grown byTruman McDonald in Campbell,NY

Crown Building, 100 E. Second StreetJamestown, NY 14701

JOHN GIFFORD 716/664-5604 (8)Broker 716/487 -9709 (R)

Vice President - Real Estate:;, .:i

/ ~~,.:;;:~:~.:TIMBERi:ANI).;·ftEALTYSALES. N:;auiStTiQNS • ~PRAISALS!~·;:'S...·/}·,~~~,~,

A Division Q;FORECON. lnc,

NY FOREST OWNER

LettersDear Editor,

Maybe I've missed it, but I don'tremember ever seeing anything muchabout Japanese Larch in your publica-tion,

I've got thousands of beauties - theymust be good for something.

It would be nice if you could have aqualified forester and marketer comeupt with a short article.

Thank you,A. FeldmeirLittle Falls, NY

Non-Profit Org.U.S, POSTAGE

PAIDMoravia, N.Y.

13118Permit No. 21

_~ CLEAR CREEK--'~~~CONSULTING

Professional Forestry Services

nmber Appraisals • nmber Marking •nmber Trespasses • Forest Management Plans

And Other Forestry Services

PATRICK J. McGLEW(607) 699-3~6

P.O. 90. 104Nichols, NY 13812

WOODLOTCALENDARNov. 4: WFL 7:30 P.M., ExtensionBldg., Highland Ave., Rochester;"Managing for Wildlife" Audio/visualprogram by Beth & David Buckley.Nov. 7: NFC 10 a.m. Woodswalk inZoar Country. Meet at Vail & UngerRoads, Town of Collins. Call TomCasey 716-322-7398.Nov. 13: THRIFT 7:30 p.m., Histori-cal Perspecti ves on TUG HILL, Speaker- Lyle Raymond. Call (315) 376-5595,Nov.14:AFC lOa.m.,ExtensionBldg.,Ellicottville. Growing Hybrid Chest-nuts as a cash crop. Call Peter Childs716-557-2529.Dec. 4: TIO 6:30 p.m. Dish to PassXmas Party, Arnot Forest 607-699-3846.Dec. 5: NFC 10 a.m., Hayes HollowRoad, town of Colden. Woodlot markedfor harvest. Call Dave Colligan 716-832-3611.Dec. 12: AFC 1 to 5 p.m., ChristmasParty at Joann and Mark Kurtis, 36State Park Ave., Salamanca. Call 716-557-2529.Dec. ( ): THRIFT, Holiday Dinner -Election Results, at Colton's 315-376-5595.


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the new york forest owner - volume 30 number 6

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