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The new world of quantum computer technology
By David Jamieson
School of Physics, University of Melbourneand
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellencefor
Quantum Computation and Communication Technology
Project Management Institute event: July 26 2016
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Where I am coming from….
Access to information
2-way communication 24/7
World wide web
Personal portal
A voice which is heard
Only 32% of humanity
has access to internet
1.3 billion on Facebook
2 billion computers in the
world
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Means of travel
Local and global
To live, work, seek
education
Safe and convenient
3.2 billion passengers by
air annually
1 billion cars
7.2 billion people
http://www.iata.org/pressroom/facts_figures/fact_sheets/Documents/industry-facts.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population
20% of humanity has no
access to electricity
2.5 billion depend on
solid fuel cooking fires
Batteries @ $330 $/kWhr
Access to electricity and
all its benefits
24/7 reliable and
adequate
Cost < 20 c/kWhr
Minimal impact
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CQC2T: Multi-institution collaboration
Integrated Silicon Nanospintronics
Andrew Dzurak (UNSW)
Quantum Spin Control
Andrea Morello (UNSW)
Deterministic Atom Implant
David Jamieson (UM)
Silicon Qubit Environment & Interface
Sven Rogge (UNSW)
Precision Qubit
Michelle Simmons (UNSW)
Solid State Optical Interface
Matthew Sellars (ANU)
Quantum Networks & Control
Matthew James (ANU)
Atomistic Simulation
David McKenzie (USYD)
Quantum Device Theory & Applications
Lloyd Hollenberg (UM)
Quantum Information Theory
Howard Wiseman (GU)
Optical Quantum Information
Geoff Pryde (GU)
Hybrid Photonic Qubits
Elenor Huntington (ADFA)
Photonic Quantum Computation
Andrew White (UQ)
Quantum Computation & Communication Theory
Tim Ralph (UQ)
Secure Quantum Communications
Thomas Symul (ANU)
Quantum Memory
Ben Buchler (ANU)
Quantum Repeater
Ping Koy Lam (ANU)
Silicon Quantum Computation
Prof. Simmons , Prof. Dzurak
Quantum Resources & Integration
Prof. Wiseman, Prof. Hollenberg
Optical Quantum Computation
Prof. Ralph
Quantum Communication
Prof. Lam
Optical Programs Silicon Programs Theory Programs
Collaborators
Funding
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SOME HISTORY
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Invention and applications of atoms
Democritus: 420 BCIntroduces the atom
Sutherland: 1904Einstein: 1905
Discovery of the diffusion relation based on atoms
Bohr: 1913The quantum atom “…energy states which consequently will be stationary”
Einstein: 1905
Discovery of the light photon
A quantum particle can be in two places at the same time
Rutherford read paper at the British Association for the Advancement of Science Meeting: Melbourne 1914
Everyone was there (except Bohr)
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Invention and applications of atoms
Feynman: 1959There’s plenty of room at the bottom
Compute with atoms
Seth Lloyd: 1993“Quantum mechanical computers”
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THE QUBIT
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Introducing the qubit
3D quantum space
Classical Bit Quantum Bit (qubit)
1D classical space
Ad
ap
ted
from
M. N
ielso
n, Scie
ntific A
me
rica
n, No
vem
be
r 2002
Classical values on measurement
|1>
|0>
| = |000 + |001 + |010 + |011 + |100 + |101 + |110 + |111
Quantum
Parallelism
算盤0
1
Electron spin
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3D quantum space
Classical values on measurement
|1>
|0>
Quantum AttributesSuperpositionQubits and quantum computation
EntanglementQuantum key distribution, secure communication
CoherenceLong lived quantum states for storing and processing information
DecoherenceUltimate sensitivity to the environment
Quantum Parallelism
| 1
2|0 ⨂|1 |1 ⨂|0
Photon polarization entanglement from non-linear crystals
T1 (s)
| = |000 + |001 + |010 + |011 + |100 + |101 + |110 + |111 Adap
ted
from
M. N
iels
on, S
cien
tific
Am
eric
an, N
ovem
ber 2
002
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ikip
edia
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/wik
i/Spo
ntan
eous
_par
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own-
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ersi
on
N-V Nanodiamond decoherence probes
McG
uinn
ess,
Sim
pson
, Hol
lenb
erg,
et a
l, N
atur
e N
anot
ech.
201
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HeLa
TunnellingBarrier penetration
Esaki diodes
TeleportationTransmission of quantum states
Turing Machines
• In 1936 Alan Turing proposed that all computers are equivalent to a Universal Turing Machine
• Hence problems are either computable or not regardless of the architecture
• Quantum Computers break this equivalence because Turing’s machines only obey Newtonian laws
http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/machine.html
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 01 1 1 1
?
Turing Machines
• In 1936 Alan Turing proposed that all computers are equivalent to a Universal Turing Machine
• Hence problems are either computable or not regardless of the architecture
• Quantum Computers break this equivalence because Turing’s machines only obey Newtonian laws
• Is David Deutsch's notion of a universal Quantum Computer sufficient to efficiently simulate an arbitrary physical system?
http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/machine.html
?
= |0> + |1>
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THE MACHINE
13Artwork by Stephanie Simmons UNSW/SFU28Si
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Nature 489 541 (2012)
Nature 496 334 (2013)
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/05/28/4244126.htm
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The Hill/Hollenberg Architecture
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Jessica van DonkelaarMelvin Jakob
CQC2T Colutron Laboratory
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THE GLOBAL SCENE
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Many initiatives in USA
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UK: 2014 Quantum Technology Initiative
Major Projects:
Quantum timing devices
Quantum gravity sensing devices
Quantum positioning systems
Quantum secure communications
Quantum enhanced imaging
Quantum computers
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EU: 2016 Quantum Manifesto
“Eyeing China, Australia, Canada and other countries that have invested huge sums of money in quantum technology, Europe does not want to miss out. With €1 billion (US$1.1 billion) of funding, scientists and businesses will be expected to translate quantum research into quantum products to create “a more sustainable, more productive, more entrepreneurial and more secure European Union”.
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2016: Business takes notice
1. Really accurate weather forecasting
2. More efficient drug discovery• Drug design
• Gene sequencing
3. No more traffic nightmares• Optimum route calculation
4. Beefing up military and defence• A quantum computer would sort
through that mountain of data much faster than a regular computer
5. Secure, encrypted communication• Called quantum key distribution
6. Accelerating space exploration• Spotting exoplanets in large data sets
7. Machine learning and automation
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Australia: 2015 National Strategic Plan
http://www.innovation.gov.au/page/advancing-quantum-computing-technology
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2016: UNSW Launch of new laboratories
Prime Minister: Malcolm Turnbull
Science Minister: Chris Pyne
CQC2T Director:Michelle Simmons
CQC2T Deputy Director:Lloyd Hollenberg
CQC2T Quantum Measurement:Andrea Morello
CQC2T Quantum Fabrication:Andrew Dzurak CQC2T Ion beam physics:
David Jamieson
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Exploiting Quantum Technology: Near term1: Quantum ComputingInformation processing with quantum bits
2: Quantum SensingNanomagnetometry at room temperature
3: Quantum CryptographySecure key distribution
4: Quantum InternetDistributed computational power that greatly exceeds that of the classical Internet
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Exploiting Quantum Technology: Far term5: Quantum ImagingSub-classical resolution
6: Quantum MetrologyChip-based atomic clocks
7: Quantum Time Keeping & MetrologyPrecision and security
8: Quantum SimulationFeynman’s quantum simulator
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In-vivo > In-vitro > In-silico?
“However, extensive sampling of conformational space and treatment of solution of macromolecules are still limiting factors for the broad application of QM in drug design.”
Supercomputer limit: 30 electrons
Caffine has 100 electrons = roughly 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000 times harder to solve than a 30-electron system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
The limits of classical computation
Quantum Computer offers linear scaling
Even very primitive QCs will be able to outperform supercomputers in simulating nature.
A new methods for drug design? Laborious synchrotron methods
The way forward?
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20 GW
20 GW storage? 8 hoursElectric Cars & Storage
Tidal + Hydro
4 GW
Minutesdays
Coal/Gas
Wind
65 GW
10 GW
12-24 hrs
Nuclear
Solar/Solar thermal
Geothermal
1 GW0.5 GW
12 hrs
Achieving greater efficiency and control requires hooking up almost every aspect of the electricity grid to the internet making it more vulnerable to
cyber attacks Melissa Hathaway, former Acting Senior Director, National Security Council under
the 1st Barack Obama administration
Australia 2050: How do we manage the Power Time Constants?
Grid control network
Disaster awaits U.S. power grid as cybersecurity lags: Digital
signatures that protect access to power-plant control systems are highly insecure, an industry
leader warns -- and some companies want to make the
problem worse.Jesse Hurley, co-chair of the North American
Energy Standards Board's Critical Infrastructure Committee
Matter Qubit
Solid state/photon conversion (cavity)
Sender
Matter Qubit
Solid state/photon conversion (cavity)
Receiver
Quantum Channel (fibre)
S Lloyd, JH. Shapiro, FNC. Wong,, P Kumar, SM Shahriar, and HP. Yuen, Infrastructure for the Quantum Internet, ACM SIGCOMM Computer
Communications Review 34: Oct 2004
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Ion Beam Program Collaborators
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Melbourne)
• Ion implants, Simulations
• Jeff McCallum, Melvin Jakob, Brett Johnson, Jessica van Donkelaar
CQC2T, UNSW• Nanofabrication, Quantum Measurement
• Andrew Dzurak, Andrea Morello, Fay Hudson
Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne• XTEM
• Sergey Rubanov
Australian National University• Ion beam physics and implantation
• Robert Elliman
Atom Probe Group, University of Oxford• Atom Probe Measurements
• James Douglas, Paul Bagot, Michael Moody
Leipzig University and IOM
• Deterministic implantation
• Daniel Spemann,
Sandia National Laboratory• Channelling, IBIC and useful discussions
• Barney Doyle, Gyorgy Vizkelethy , Malcolm Carroll, Ed Bielejec,