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The new world of quantum computer technology

By David Jamieson

School of Physics, University of Melbourneand

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellencefor

Quantum Computation and Communication Technology

Project Management Institute event: July 26 2016

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Where I am coming from….

Access to information

2-way communication 24/7

World wide web

Personal portal

A voice which is heard

Only 32% of humanity

has access to internet

1.3 billion on Facebook

2 billion computers in the

world

http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

Means of travel

Local and global

To live, work, seek

education

Safe and convenient

3.2 billion passengers by

air annually

1 billion cars

7.2 billion people

http://www.iata.org/pressroom/facts_figures/fact_sheets/Documents/industry-facts.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population

20% of humanity has no

access to electricity

2.5 billion depend on

solid fuel cooking fires

Batteries @ $330 $/kWhr

Access to electricity and

all its benefits

24/7 reliable and

adequate

Cost < 20 c/kWhr

Minimal impact

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CQC2T: Multi-institution collaboration

Integrated Silicon Nanospintronics

Andrew Dzurak (UNSW)

Quantum Spin Control

Andrea Morello (UNSW)

Deterministic Atom Implant

David Jamieson (UM)

Silicon Qubit Environment & Interface

Sven Rogge (UNSW)

Precision Qubit

Michelle Simmons (UNSW)

Solid State Optical Interface

Matthew Sellars (ANU)

Quantum Networks & Control

Matthew James (ANU)

Atomistic Simulation

David McKenzie (USYD)

Quantum Device Theory & Applications

Lloyd Hollenberg (UM)

Quantum Information Theory

Howard Wiseman (GU)

Optical Quantum Information

Geoff Pryde (GU)

Hybrid Photonic Qubits

Elenor Huntington (ADFA)

Photonic Quantum Computation

Andrew White (UQ)

Quantum Computation & Communication Theory

Tim Ralph (UQ)

Secure Quantum Communications

Thomas Symul (ANU)

Quantum Memory

Ben Buchler (ANU)

Quantum Repeater

Ping Koy Lam (ANU)

Silicon Quantum Computation

Prof. Simmons , Prof. Dzurak

Quantum Resources & Integration

Prof. Wiseman, Prof. Hollenberg

Optical Quantum Computation

Prof. Ralph

Quantum Communication

Prof. Lam

Optical Programs Silicon Programs Theory Programs

Collaborators

Funding

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SOME HISTORY

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Invention and applications of atoms

Democritus: 420 BCIntroduces the atom

Sutherland: 1904Einstein: 1905

Discovery of the diffusion relation based on atoms

Bohr: 1913The quantum atom “…energy states which consequently will be stationary”

Einstein: 1905

Discovery of the light photon

A quantum particle can be in two places at the same time

Rutherford read paper at the British Association for the Advancement of Science Meeting: Melbourne 1914

Everyone was there (except Bohr)

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Invention and applications of atoms

Feynman: 1959There’s plenty of room at the bottom

Compute with atoms

Seth Lloyd: 1993“Quantum mechanical computers”

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THE QUBIT

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Introducing the qubit

3D quantum space

Classical Bit Quantum Bit (qubit)

1D classical space

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Classical values on measurement

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Quantum

Parallelism

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Electron spin

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3D quantum space

Classical values on measurement

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Quantum AttributesSuperpositionQubits and quantum computation

EntanglementQuantum key distribution, secure communication

CoherenceLong lived quantum states for storing and processing information

DecoherenceUltimate sensitivity to the environment

Quantum Parallelism

| 1

2|0 ⨂|1 |1 ⨂|0

Photon polarization entanglement from non-linear crystals

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1

HeLa

TunnellingBarrier penetration

Esaki diodes

TeleportationTransmission of quantum states

Turing Machines

• In 1936 Alan Turing proposed that all computers are equivalent to a Universal Turing Machine

• Hence problems are either computable or not regardless of the architecture

• Quantum Computers break this equivalence because Turing’s machines only obey Newtonian laws

http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/machine.html

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Turing Machines

• In 1936 Alan Turing proposed that all computers are equivalent to a Universal Turing Machine

• Hence problems are either computable or not regardless of the architecture

• Quantum Computers break this equivalence because Turing’s machines only obey Newtonian laws

• Is David Deutsch's notion of a universal Quantum Computer sufficient to efficiently simulate an arbitrary physical system?

http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/machine.html

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= |0> + |1>

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THE MACHINE

13Artwork by Stephanie Simmons UNSW/SFU28Si

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Nature 489 541 (2012)

Nature 496 334 (2013)

http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/05/28/4244126.htm

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The Hill/Hollenberg Architecture

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Jessica van DonkelaarMelvin Jakob

CQC2T Colutron Laboratory

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THE GLOBAL SCENE

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Many initiatives in USA

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UK: 2014 Quantum Technology Initiative

Major Projects:

Quantum timing devices

Quantum gravity sensing devices

Quantum positioning systems

Quantum secure communications

Quantum enhanced imaging

Quantum computers

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EU: 2016 Quantum Manifesto

“Eyeing China, Australia, Canada and other countries that have invested huge sums of money in quantum technology, Europe does not want to miss out. With €1 billion (US$1.1 billion) of funding, scientists and businesses will be expected to translate quantum research into quantum products to create “a more sustainable, more productive, more entrepreneurial and more secure European Union”.

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2016: Business takes notice

1. Really accurate weather forecasting

2. More efficient drug discovery• Drug design

• Gene sequencing

3. No more traffic nightmares• Optimum route calculation

4. Beefing up military and defence• A quantum computer would sort

through that mountain of data much faster than a regular computer

5. Secure, encrypted communication• Called quantum key distribution

6. Accelerating space exploration• Spotting exoplanets in large data sets

7. Machine learning and automation

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Australia: 2015 National Strategic Plan

http://www.innovation.gov.au/page/advancing-quantum-computing-technology

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2016: UNSW Launch of new laboratories

Prime Minister: Malcolm Turnbull

Science Minister: Chris Pyne

CQC2T Director:Michelle Simmons

CQC2T Deputy Director:Lloyd Hollenberg

CQC2T Quantum Measurement:Andrea Morello

CQC2T Quantum Fabrication:Andrew Dzurak CQC2T Ion beam physics:

David Jamieson

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Exploiting Quantum Technology: Near term1: Quantum ComputingInformation processing with quantum bits

2: Quantum SensingNanomagnetometry at room temperature

3: Quantum CryptographySecure key distribution

4: Quantum InternetDistributed computational power that greatly exceeds that of the classical Internet

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Exploiting Quantum Technology: Far term5: Quantum ImagingSub-classical resolution

6: Quantum MetrologyChip-based atomic clocks

7: Quantum Time Keeping & MetrologyPrecision and security

8: Quantum SimulationFeynman’s quantum simulator

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In-vivo > In-vitro > In-silico?

“However, extensive sampling of conformational space and treatment of solution of macromolecules are still limiting factors for the broad application of QM in drug design.”

Supercomputer limit: 30 electrons

Caffine has 100 electrons = roughly 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000 times harder to solve than a 30-electron system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine

The limits of classical computation

Quantum Computer offers linear scaling

Even very primitive QCs will be able to outperform supercomputers in simulating nature.

A new methods for drug design? Laborious synchrotron methods

The way forward?

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20 GW

20 GW storage? 8 hoursElectric Cars & Storage

Tidal + Hydro

4 GW

Minutesdays

Coal/Gas

Wind

65 GW

10 GW

12-24 hrs

Nuclear

Solar/Solar thermal

Geothermal

1 GW0.5 GW

12 hrs

Achieving greater efficiency and control requires hooking up almost every aspect of the electricity grid to the internet making it more vulnerable to

cyber attacks Melissa Hathaway, former Acting Senior Director, National Security Council under

the 1st Barack Obama administration

Australia 2050: How do we manage the Power Time Constants?

Grid control network

Disaster awaits U.S. power grid as cybersecurity lags: Digital

signatures that protect access to power-plant control systems are highly insecure, an industry

leader warns -- and some companies want to make the

problem worse.Jesse Hurley, co-chair of the North American

Energy Standards Board's Critical Infrastructure Committee

Matter Qubit

Solid state/photon conversion (cavity)

Sender

Matter Qubit

Solid state/photon conversion (cavity)

Receiver

Quantum Channel (fibre)

S Lloyd, JH. Shapiro, FNC. Wong,, P Kumar, SM Shahriar, and HP. Yuen, Infrastructure for the Quantum Internet, ACM SIGCOMM Computer

Communications Review 34: Oct 2004

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Ion Beam Program Collaborators

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Melbourne)

• Ion implants, Simulations

• Jeff McCallum, Melvin Jakob, Brett Johnson, Jessica van Donkelaar

CQC2T, UNSW• Nanofabrication, Quantum Measurement

• Andrew Dzurak, Andrea Morello, Fay Hudson

Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne• XTEM

• Sergey Rubanov

Australian National University• Ion beam physics and implantation

• Robert Elliman

Atom Probe Group, University of Oxford• Atom Probe Measurements

• James Douglas, Paul Bagot, Michael Moody

Leipzig University and IOM

• Deterministic implantation

• Daniel Spemann,

Sandia National Laboratory• Channelling, IBIC and useful discussions

• Barney Doyle, Gyorgy Vizkelethy , Malcolm Carroll, Ed Bielejec,