“The New South”

Review ActivityChapter 17

•Write down your assigned topics in your

notebook.•Below each, locate and record the “who,

what, where, when and why” about each topic.•You’ll present the topics to the class while

the class copies the material in their notebook.

Steps:

1860

1910

Label the date and event/term on the timeline…

1880

1890

1. Plessy v. Ferguson-1896 Supreme Court Case established “separate but equal”

doctrine regarding segregation in public places.-Homer Plessy filed suit against a railroad company that forced him to sit in an all black passenger car after he’d paid for a first class ticket.-Example of “de jure” segregation and a Jim Crow law used in

the South.

“The Clansman”-Book written by Thomas Dixon that was the basis for the full length motion picture “A Birth of a Nation” (D.W. Griffith).-Dixon was a white supremacist from New York living in North Carolina.-The movie (Birth of a Nation) glamourized and glorified the Confederacy during the Civil War, thus reinforcing the old ideas of the “Lost Cause” attitude that was already strong in the South.

2. Agricultural Wheel- Farmers in Arkansas formed this group in 1882 due to their disappointment with the Grange.- The organization grew to over 500,000 members by 1887 and had the goals of purchasing farm equipment directly from the manufacturer , called for federal programs to ease credit, a graduated income tax and the printing of more currency by the government.

The People’s Grocery- 1892 three black men opened a grocery store in Memphis, TN near a white owned grocery store.- Since the black owned store was competing with the white

store, it’s owner, Wm. Barrett charged them with creating a public nuisance.- Blacks protested, police arrived to arrest protesters and owners for making “threats”, and days later the three were shot to death

- Ida B. Wells condemned this lynching in her newspaper.

3. Grandfather Clause- Created to avoid preventing poor southern whites from voting in the South due to Jim Crow laws such as poll taxes, literacy tests and using the secret ballot in elections.- It stated that if one’s grandfather was able to vote before 1867, then the above laws did not apply to you, and you could vote.

These were used in southern states after 1890 to stop blacks from voting.

Southern Farmers’ Alliance- Strongest of the farmers alliances, started in Texas in the late 1870s to market their crops collectively as a group. - In 1887, Wisconsin farmer Charles Macune expanded it into a national organization, increasing its membership to 300,000 and one million by 1890.- In addition to farming concerns(subtreasury plan), they were

also very religious (members had to believe in Christ, strict morality, help poor).

4. Jim Crow Laws- Name given to segregation laws used in the

South 1880s.- Originated from an 1820s vaudeville show

character played by actor Tom Rice that portrayed a very negative

stereotype of blacks.

Tuskegee Institute- Vocational school for blacks founded by Booker T.

Washington in Alabama in 1881 that stressed industrial skill

training.- Part of Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise” idea.

5. The Solid South- Term given to the white Democratic Party in the

south that dominated southern politics from 1877 until the

1950s.- After the Compromise of 1877 with the removal

of federal troops from the south, Democratic governments

were re- elected, purging many blacks from government.

Colored Farmers Alliance- Formed in 1886 by black farmers in Texas since

the Southern Farmers Alliance refused to allow black members.

- This group had fewer landowners and more tenant farmers

and sharecroppers and focused mainly on higher wages for

agricultural workers. First strike in 1891 in the south failed.

6. N.A.A.C.P.- Co-founded by W.E.B. DuBois in 1910, the

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was an

interracial organization that advocated granting full civil

rights to African Americans.- Influenced by DuBois idea that full civil rights

needed to be granted immediately, he authored the book “The

Souls of Black Folk” on this topic.

Redeemer Democrats- Name given to those white Democratic Party

members who returned to office after Reconstruction ended in

1877.- Most of these Redeemer Democrats were mainly

large land- owners and merchants, NOT small farmers, and

believed they had “saved” the South from Republican and

African- American controlled government.

7. Atlanta Compromise- Booker T. Washington’s idea that blacks should

concentrate on vocational training to secure jobs and only

then focus on gaining full equal civil rights, from a speech made

in 1895.- Caused DuBois to strongly disagree with

Washington, claiming that regardless of economic status, all Americans

should have full equal rights.

Subtreasury Plan- Southern Farmers’ Alliance’s plan to stabilize crop

prices by asking the government to loan farmers up to 80%

of the value of their crop until the prices increased, then they

would pay back the loan once the farmer sold his crop.- Government refused to accept the plan by 1880s.

8. W.C.T.U.- Women’s Christian Temperance Union was

organized by Lucy Haygood in Atlanta in 1880 to visit schools and

educate the public on the “evils of alcohol”.- By the 1890s they realized that in order to

achieve their goals women needed the right to vote and member

Rebecca Felton pushed hard for this, later becoming the first

female senator.

Populist Party- Founded in 1890s, this political party was formed

by Kansas farmers who realized the alliances were not working and need to reorganize in order to elect candidates to public office.

- Supported wide range of reforms (direct election of senators,

gov’t control of RR, income tax, woman suffrage, ease credit)

- Leaders included Tom Watson, John Raynor.

9. National Grange- 1875 The National Grange of the Patrons of

Husbandry” form- ed, leadership was mainly large landowners who

wanted limited government assistance, fence laws,

controls on farm labor.- Since these issues worked against what smaller

farmers wanted many members left to join other organizations.

Dr. John Pemberton- 1886 he sold the patent rights of Coca-Cola to Asa

Chandler who turned the headache cure into a nationwide

soft drink.- One example of a boom industry for the South.

10.James Duke- 1884 he installed the first automatic cigarette-

making machine in his American Tobacco Company in Durham,

NC.- Using “bright leaf” tobacco, Duke eventually

controlled 80% of the industry in the US by 1890.

Carolina Piedmont- Region in the south that was the center of the

textile industry that had good transportation systems (RR),

plentiful labor and energy.- By 1900 the region surpassed New England in the

production of cotton textiles.

11.Disfranchisement- To prevent a group of people from voting, in the

South this would have been African-Americans in the 1870s.- Included poll taxes, literacy tests, secret ballot

which would effectively reverse the 15th Amendment (vote).

Deskilling - Blacks were excluded by law from joining white

craft, trade and labor unions which meant they could not be

trained in the skills needed to become a union carpenter, or

mason or plumber…- This meant that blacks had to take lower paying

(non-union trained) jobs which hurt them financially in the

1880s.

12.Bishop Henry Turner- Leader of the A.M.E. (African Methodist Episcopal

Church) who led a failed movement to lead African-

Americans from the South to return to Africa (Liberia) in the

1870s.- Result of the unfair treatment in the south.

13. Ida B. Wells- Black journalist in Memphis, TN who condemned

the actions of the white authorities in the People’s Grocery

Store incident.- Whites destroyed her newspaper presses office

and she fled to Chicago, IL in fear of her life in 1892.

Essay Format:

Topic Sentence (TS): Introduces your paragraph, sets the thesis.

CD Specific details, examples, that prove your topic sentence.

CD CM Connects cd’s, analyzes them, shows c/e, or deeper description or more specific example.

CDCD

CM

TST (This Shows That): Makes the point of how your cd’s prove your topic sentence.

(minimum 8 sentences)

1.Segregation and Disfranchisement in the South

2.The Economy of the South3.Farmers’ organizations in the

South4.African-American response to

discrimination5.The role of women in the South

Essay Topics:

Study Tips

• Re-read the chapter.• Use your syllabus to identify

terms and objectives listed.• Study your notes.• Take the online practice test on

the Goldfield website.• Read the chapter summary and

review at the end of the chapter.• Review the chapter headings

and rephrase into a question.