The New Deal

Launching the New Deal Restoring Confidence

Fireside Chats “Bank Holiday” Declared What was the purpose of these?

Emergency Banking Act

Glass-Steagall Act Creates the FDIC

Securities and ExchangeCommission

What did this do?

Fireside chats2

The Radio President (FDR Library)

Launching the New Deal

• Agricultural Adjustment Act

• What did it do?

• Large Farmers Favored

• Farm Security Administration / environmental concerns

3

Farmer with his allotment of cotton seed which he has just bought cooperatively atRoanoke Farms, NC (Library of Congress)

Launching the New Deal

• Industrial Recovery• National Recovery

Administration Established• Minimum wage, 40 hr weeks,

no child labor• Failure of the NRA

• Regional Planning• Tennessee Valley Authority• Benefits of the TVA

• Improved water transportation, eliminated flooding, provided electricity to thousands

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5

The Tennessee Valley Authority6

Growth of Federal Relief• Fed. Emergency Relief

Admin. • Civilian Works

Administration• Created public works

projects, temporary employment

• Civilian Conservation Corps• What did the CCC do?

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CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) workers, Prince Georges County, Maryland (Library of Congress)

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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbVcHmdIFyc

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NEW DEAL

The New Deal in Transition

Critics of the New Deal American Liberty League

Established

Townsend Plan

Father Charles Coughlin

Long’s Share-Our-Wealth Plan

Demagogues 13

Townsend Plan supporter. Columbus, Kansas (Library of Congress)

• Fr. Coughlin’s radical ideas popular with many.

• Huey Long and wealth distribution.

• Republican joke of the 1930s

• Socialism: If you own two cows you give one to your neighbor.

• Communism: You give both cows to the government and the government gives you back some milk.

• Fascism: You keep both cows, but the government takes your milk, and sells some of it back to you.

• New Deal: You shoot both cows and milk the government.

New Deal in Transition The “Second New Deal”

Holding Company Act

National Labor Relations BoardCompelled employers to recognize and bargain with unions

Labor Militancy Increased labor militancy Congress of Industrial

OrganizationsMore open to women and minorities than the AFL

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Striking zinc miner. Columbus, Kansas (Library of Congress)

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Social Security

Social Security What did the Social

Security Act do? Retirement Poor Unemployment Disabilities Dependent children and

mothers

Need-Based Direct Assistance

Social Security Poster, 1935 (Library of Congress)

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New Deal in Transition New Directions in Relief

WPA – employed 2.1 million Americans! Harry Hopkins 110,000 public buildings 600 airports 500,000 miles of roads

The 1936 “Referendum” Alf Landon Electoral Realignment

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New Deal in Disarray

The Court Fight “Court-Packing Plan” Defeated

What did FDR try to do? Why?

Retrenchment and Recession Sources of the “Roosevelt

Recession” Why did the recession

happen? End of the New Deal

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The New Deal, the Economy, and Politics

The New Deal’s Economic Legacy American Welfare State Established

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President Roosevelt speaking at Bismarck, North Dakota (Library of Congress)