The New Chiefs of Industry

Ensuring healthy food and

beverage choices are available,

accessible and affordable

Overview

•Provide background on who is talking to you today

•‘From Kereru to KFC’ brief look from the past to the

present diet

•‘Food Security’ focus on current issues for Maori

Nutrition

•‘Whose choice is it anyway?’ why a reciprocal

relationship is so important

From Kereru to KFC

‘Once Were Gardeners’

Manaakitanga

He mahi kai te taonga

Obtaining food is the prized

accomplishment

Post Contact

Alliances and Distribution

Present

Food Security Among Maori

Priority area of focus

Food Security

“Food security exists when

all people, at all times,

have physical and

economic access to

sufficient, safe and

nutritious food to meet

dietary needs and food

preferences for an active

healthy life” (FAO, 1996)

Alternatively…

„Food insecurity relates to not having

enough food, experiencing hunger,

consuming a decreased quality diet,

anxiety related to acquiring food or relying

on food relief‟ (Kendall & Kennedy, 1998)

Determinants of Food Security

• New South Wales Centre for Public Health

Nutrition classifies food security into two main

categories:

• Food Supply

• Food Access

FOOD &

NUTRITION

SYSTEM

Production

Processing

Transport

Food retail

outlets

Prepared food

outlets

Location of

Food outlets

Availability

in outlets

Price

Quality

Variety

Promotion

FOOD SUPPLY

SOCIAL AND

ECONOMIC

DETERMINANTS

Employment

Income

Education

Housing

Area of residence

Social inclusion

ACCESS TO FOOD

Financial

resources

Transport to

shops

Knowledge skills

preferences

Storage

facilities

Prep & cooking

facilities

Time &

mobility

Social support

FO

OD

SE

CU

RIT

Y

Household Food Security

Measured in NZ

NNS97 first to collect national data on

household food security using 8 indicator

statements

NCNS02 followed similar design

investigated prevalence of food insecurity

in children aged 5-14 years and their

household

The

househol

d:

Because of a lack of money, the household: The house:

Can

afford to

eat

properly

Food runs

out

Eat less Variety of

food

limited

Rely on

others

Use food

grants/ban

ks

Stressed

about

lack of

money

for food

Stressed

when no

food for

social

occasion

s

Sometime

s

Sometime

s or often

Sometime

s or often

Sometime

s or often

Sometim

es or

often

Sometime

s or often

Sometim

es

Sometim

es

1997 NZ Maori

Total 28.5 31 27.5 47.5 20.5 13 25 24.5

1997 NZEO

Total 9.5 9 10 23 4 2 10 9.5

2002 NZ Maori

Total 33.6 37.5 30.7 45.2 23.4 20 40 28

2002 NZEO

Total 12.1 13 10.2 27.8 5.8 4.5 16.5 14.8Table 1: Household Food Security over the Last Year (%) Sources: Russell et al., 1999; Parnell et al,. 2003.

Food insecurity and obesity

paradox

In New Zealand, Parnell et al. found:

• Those living in households which were

least food secure had the highest BMI

• The most food secure households had the

lowest BMI

• High amounts of energy in many low cost

foods

Food security, food access and

Maori

• Many of the issues related to food access are directly influenced by socioeconomic determinants

• For example the NNS97 found food insecurity most frequently reported by individuals living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas compared to those living in the least deprived areas

• Maori are over represented in many of these areas which contribute to food insecurity

Enhancing food security and physical activity:

the views of Māori, Pacific and low-income

peoples

“There are some foods we have never seen

before let alone eaten”

Participants agreed that they would like

access to healthier food options

“We eat the way we eat, not because it‟s

cultural but because it is all around us”.

“It is put in our face”

Enhancing food security and physical activity:

the views of Māori, Pacific and low-income

peoples

“we need to do one big shop each week and

then freeze the milk and bread. We need

to as it is too expensive to go to the dairy.”

“Living in isolated areas and having no

vehicles or public transport to come in

means we can‟t regularly access food”

Food security, food supply and

Maori• Limited information regarding food and nutrition

system so aspects of food supply such as

location of food outlets, price and promotion

are discussed

• Otago University Food Cost Survey

• Price closely related to other aspects such as

quality and variety

• Low income families do not have adequate

money to purchase a basic healthy diet

Enhancing food security and physical activity:

the views of Māori, Pacific and low-income

peoples

„One participant said she knew an elderly gentleman

that lived by her who regularly purchased $3-$5

specials from a nearby fast food outlet. She said

that he could get a variety of food items and that this

was very affordable for his budget.

Enhancing food security and physical activity:

the views of Māori, Pacific and low-income

peoples

availability of fresh vegetables and fruit was

questioned specifically as there is only one

supermarket within the town. “Sometimes

buy a lettuce. It could have been there for

two weeks. Doesn‟t look fresh to me”. “The

fruit is all imported and the quality isn‟t the

best”.

Enhancing food security and physical activity:

the views of Māori, Pacific and low-income

peoples

One person noted that “fizzy drinks are the

first things that you see when you enter

into our supermarket”.

So its about CHOICE?

It is more difficult for Maori to eat healthy

food. Maori have less access to

healthy food and are more likely to be

surrounded by food options that are

unhealthy…what sort of choice do we

have?

Principle of Reciprocity

Improve Food Supply

• Food system education

• Production, supporting

local agriculture, ‘Once

Were Gardeners’

• Retail outlets, location,

price, availability,

promotion

• Charity

Strategic inflection points

Food Production

Food Processing

Food Transport

Retail outlets

Nga mihi

• Te Hotu Manawa Maori Nutrition and Physical Activity Team

• Obesity Action Coalition (Leigh Sturgiss Sue Milburn and Gwendol Welburn)

• Maori Nutrition and Physical Activity Maori Community Health Workers

• Craig Heta

• Laurie Wharemate-Keung

• Christina McKerchar

• David Roberts – National Dietitian NHF

• Authors and contributors to NZ Food Security evidence base

References

• Parnell, W., Scragg, R., & Wilson, N., et al. (2003). NZ Food NZ People: Key Results of the 2002 National Children’s Nutrition Survey, 2003, Wellington: Ministry of Health.

• Russell, D.G., Parnell, W.R., & Wilson, N.C., et al. (1999). NZ Food NZ People: Key Results of the 1997 National Nutrition Survey, 1999, Wellington: Ministry of Health.

• New South Wales Centre for Public Health Nutrition. (2003). Food Security Options Paper: A planning framework and menu of options for policy and practice interventions, 2003, New South Wales: New South Wales Centre for Public Health Nutrition.

• University of Auckland Art history Image Database