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The NeuronDendritesCell body (perikaryon, soma)
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Support cells (neuroglia)- more abundant than neurons- more mitotic capability
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Gaps between Schwann cells called nodes of Ranvier
axolemma
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Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheathone Schwann cell myelinates a single axonmultiple Schwann cells needed to cover entire length of an axon
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Oligodendrocytes myelinate CNS axons (if myelinated)
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Central Nervous System1. brain2. spinal cord
- ganglia associated
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3. axons project to and from the body (CNS PNS)4. cell bodies in CNS except some in ganglia
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Transmission1. innervation
- cell body as integrator2. action potentials (impulses)
- axon hillock3. myelin sheath
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Synapses- presynaptic terminal- postsynaptic terminal- neurotransmitters- ligand-gated ions channels on postsynaptic membrane
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Gap junction (nexus)- is an electrical synapse
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Nervous System
Organization of neurons1. circuits for stimulus-response2. exchange of information
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Neuron signaling1. afferent vs. efferent2. interneurons3. circuits
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Anencephaly
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Anencephaly
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Spina bifida occulta with meningocoele
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Spina bifida with failure of neuropore closure
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Cortical dysplasia
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Cortical dysplasia
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