the neuron
DESCRIPTION
The Neuron. Dendrites. Cell body (perikaryon, soma). Axon. Support cells (neuroglia). - more abundant than neurons. - more mitotic capability. Axon hillock. Gaps between Schwann cells called nodes of Ranvier. axolemma. Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheath. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The NeuronDendritesCell body (perikaryon, soma)
Axon
Support cells (neuroglia)- more abundant than neurons- more mitotic capability
Axon hillock
Gaps between Schwann cells called nodes of Ranvier
axolemma
Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheathone Schwann cell myelinates a single axonmultiple Schwann cells needed to cover entire length of an axon
Oligodendrocytes myelinate CNS axons (if myelinated)
Central Nervous System1. brain2. spinal cord
- ganglia associated
3. axons project to and from the body (CNS PNS)4. cell bodies in CNS except some in ganglia
Transmission1. innervation
- cell body as integrator2. action potentials (impulses)
- axon hillock3. myelin sheath
Synapses- presynaptic terminal- postsynaptic terminal- neurotransmitters- ligand-gated ions channels on postsynaptic membrane
Gap junction (nexus)- is an electrical synapse
Nervous System
Organization of neurons1. circuits for stimulus-response2. exchange of information
Neuron signaling1. afferent vs. efferent2. interneurons3. circuits
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Anencephaly
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Anencephaly
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Spina bifida occulta with meningocoele
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Spina bifida with failure of neuropore closure
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Cortical dysplasia
Cortical dysplasia
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