the net effects of vegetation on air quality june 28, 2001
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality
June 28, 2001
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
![Page 2: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• How do plants affect air quality?
• What are we doing?
• What information do we need?
• What can individuals do?
Vegetation and Air Quality
![Page 3: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• How do plants affect air quality?• What are we doing?
• What information do we need?
• What can individuals do?
Vegetation and Air Quality
![Page 4: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality
VOC Emissions
Deposition
Allergens
Cooling
![Page 5: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sacramento TemperaturesJune 29, 1998, 1 p.m.
Source: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center and Global Hydrology and Climate Center
Capitol
Rail Yard
![Page 6: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cooling Improves Air Quality
• Reduces evaporative emissions
• Reduces power generation emissions
• Slows photochemical reactions
![Page 7: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Plants Remove Some Pollutants
• Atmospheric mixing controls removal of highly reactive gases
• PM size, meteorological variables, shapes of surfaces
• Plants increase removal of O3 and NO2
– Leaf area, open stomata
![Page 8: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ozone Deposition (approximate pounds per acre per day in July)
• Dry rangeland ~0.01 - 0.04
• Vineyard ~0.1 - 0.4
• Orchard ~0.1 - 0.6
• Cotton ~0.2 - 0.6
![Page 9: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
BVOC Emissions (approximate pounds (isoprene + monoterpenes)
per acre per day in July)
• Avocado ~0.0
• Vineyard ~0.0001
• Cotton or Orange ~0.02
• Valley Oak ~0.09
• Pine or Lemon ~0.2
• Tomato ~0.7
• Coast Live Oak ~1.3
![Page 10: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Challenges to Estimating BVOC Emissions
• Emission rates vary by 10,000 times
• Estimating emissions for 6,000 species
• Leafy biomass
• Species maps to locate high emitters
![Page 11: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Vegetation Classes
Source: GAP Database
![Page 12: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Leaf Area in California
OctoberJuly
![Page 13: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12
BV
OC
(to
n/h
r)
Isoprene Monoterpenes Methylbutenol
Hourly EmissionsAugust 3-7, 1997
Aug 3Aug 3 Aug 4Aug 4 Aug 5Aug 5 Aug 6Aug 6 Aug 7Aug 7
Emissions: Greater Southern California (SCOS97 - NARSTO Domain)
Maximum daily temperature: Azusa
106 F99 F99 F 103 F 93 F
![Page 14: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Allergens and Their Effects
Elm Pollen
• Allergens– Pollens (grasses, weeds, trees)– Molds, pets, insects, dust mites
• Responses– Itchy eyes, rhinitis– Asthma
• Allergy a factor for 90% of asthmatics
Elm Pollen
![Page 15: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Key Question:
Can we accurately predict the effects of trees and
vegetation on air quality?
![Page 16: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Net Effects on Air Quality
• Effects depend on species, placement
• BVOCs important part of inventory
• Low emitters can reduce ozone
• High emitters can increase ozone
![Page 17: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• How do plants affect air quality?
• What are we doing?• What information do we need?
• What can individuals do?
Vegetation and Air Quality
![Page 18: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Current Efforts
• Cooling and air quality - LBNL
• Deposition study collaboration
• Active biogenic research program
• Biogenic Working Group
• Allergen/pollutant interactions
• Outreach
![Page 19: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Outreach Organizations
• Sacramento Tree Foundation
• TreePeople
• Municipal Utility Districts
• California ReLeaf
• California Urban Forests Council
![Page 20: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• How do plants affect air quality?
• What are we doing?
• What information do we need?• What can individuals do?
Vegetation and Air Quality
![Page 21: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Information Gaps
• Improve plant species inventory
• Measure biogenic emissions
• Improve deposition models
• Model effects of local cooling
![Page 22: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• How do plants affect air quality?
• What are we doing?
• What information do we need?
• What can individuals do?
Vegetation and Air Quality
![Page 23: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tree Planting Guidelines
• Place trees for lower energy use– First plant areas with low coverage– Deciduous trees shade south, west sides– Close to buildings– Large trees– Do not block summer breezes– Conifers for winter wind protection
• Choose low emitters of BVOCs
• Avoid species that release allergens
![Page 24: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Desirable and Undesirable Trees for Air Quality
Low BVOCs
http://selectree.cagr.calpoly.edu/
LiquidambarSawleaf Zelkova
High BVOCs
![Page 25: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Other Benefits of Vegetation
• Energy use
• Comfort
• Watershed health
• Neighborhood benefits
![Page 26: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Conclusions
• Cooling lowers emissions
• Cooling slows chemical reactions
• Plants remove some pollutants
• Plants emit precursor pollutants
• Low-emitting plants have many benefits
![Page 27: The Net Effects of Vegetation on Air Quality June 28, 2001](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649eaa5503460f94baee6a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Thank You