the needs that drive us all william glasser. r einforcement einforcement t ext analysisext analysis...

The Needs That Drive Us AllWilliam Glasser

R einforcement

T ext Analysis

The Needs That Drive Us All

B ackground

W arming up

Unit 13

Questions/Activities

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Objectives

Warming up


Unit 13

Warming up Questions/Activities

1. Do you believe human actions are driven by human needs?

2. What do you think are these basic human needs?

3. Are these needs exclusively human?

1. …in many cultures the mores of the culture condemn those who openly strive for it. (para. 3)

…in many cultures openly trying to gain power is regarded as running counter to the code of conduct of the culture, and those who do so are strongly disapproved of.

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Paraphrase

2. Most of us cannot get through a day without complaint; to be satisfied with how others have treated us for a week would seem like an eternity. (para. 7)

Most of us can find something to complain about daily. Any feeling of satisfaction with how we are treated won’t last as long as a week.

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Paraphrase

1. Content:

• Understand basic human needs.

Basic needs are motivations for human behaviors.

• Understand our built-in need.

To have these desires satisfied helps us better understand and deal with our problems.

• Language:

• Grasp different styles of essay-writing (cf. text A & text B).

ObjectivesWarming up

Background

Human Needs Theories

Author


Unit 13

William Glasser• Born in Cleveland, Ohio.

• Chemical engineer at age 19, a clinical psychologist at 23 and a physician at 28.

• Psychiatric training at the Veteran’s Administration Centre in UCLA.

• Founded The Institute for Reality Therapy in 1967.

• He has devoted his life to educating people about his beliefs and working directly with school counsellors, administrators and teachers.

Background AuthorH

is L

ife

(1925-)

Father of Choice (Control) Theory and Reality Therapy.

“If you want to change attitudes, start with a change in behavior.”

His

Ach

ieve

men

tsBackground Author

Reality Therapy

• People need to meet the basic need of love (giving and receiving) and the need of finding self-worth.

• Success comes with giving and receiving love throughout one’s life.

• Schools are responsible for helping students to fill these needs.

• These two needs must be met so that students can find an identity for themselves.

• Students that fail to meet these needs, and thus not find their identity, will suffer, withdraw from society, be lonely and frustrated.

Background Human Needs Theories

The basic needs that drive us all:

1. To survive (and be secure)2. To belong and be loved3. To gain power (to gain and keep respect)4. To be free5. To have fun


Choice (Control) Theory (1)

• Behavior is never caused by a response to an outside stimulus (situation or person).

• Behavior is a constant attempt to satisfy one or more of our five basic needs.

• These basic needs are thought to be innate (we are born with them).

• We choose all that we do and we are responsible for the choices we make.


Choice (Control) Theory (2)

• In 1943, American psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) proposed the theory that behavior is determined by a various of needs. He organized these needs into five categories and then arranged the categories in a hierarchy.

• In the pyramid-shaped chart, the most basic needs are at the bottom of this category, and the more advanced needs are toward the top. According to him, people try to satisfy the lower-order needs before they move on to the next level higher up.


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

1. How is Glasser’s understanding of humans’ basic needs different from Maslow’s?

2. How would you like to interpret the differences?


Discussion

DetailedAnalysis

Structure

Theme

Text Analysis


Unit 13

Text Analysis Theme

1. Human beings are driven by five basic needs, some of which are shared by other animals, and the need for power is uniquely human.

2. As to young students, they should increase their self-awareness of their humanness so as to better deal with their problems.

Text Analysis Structure

I. Introduction: two types of human needs—survival and psychological needs (paras. 1-3)

I. Introduction: two types of human needs—survival and psychological needs (paras. 1-3)

II. Body: analysis of psychological needs—power, freedom, love and fun (paras. 4-14)

II. Body: analysis of psychological needs—power, freedom, love and fun (paras. 4-14)

A. The need of power (paras. 4-9)

B. The other psychological needs (paras. 10-14)

Part I: Two Types of Human Needs (paras. 1-3)

Survival and Psychological

Text Analysis Detailed Analysis


1. What are the needs that drive us all? Are they of the same status?

2. Are these needs all uniquely human needs? What in the author’s opinion is the uniquely human need?

3. How does the author prove that these needs are basic and therefore we are born with no choice?

Part I: Discussion


4. How does the author categorize the five basic needs?

• Simple survival needs: hunger, thirst, and sexual desire• Non-essential psychological needs: belonging, freedom,

power and fun

5. Which culture condemns those who openly strive for power, and which does not?

6. What is the author’s attitude toward politics and politicians?

Part I: Discussion


• be built into (para. 1)

to make…inherent The rate of pay was built into the labor contract.

• clear-cut (para. 3)

On matters of principle we should be clear-cut in attitude, and by no means be equivocal.

Part I: Words & Expressions

Part II: Analysis of Psychological Needs (paras. 4-14)

A. The Need of Power (paras. 4-9)



1. What purposes does power serve?

Neither good nor bad

Pumping energy into economy and life

Helping downtrodden people

Having a better chance to survive

Hurting people

Part II (A): Discussion


2. Why is it difficult for most of us to accept that the need of power is a basic human need?

• The preaching of those in power that humans should be humble proves a great success. • We hope, by supporting them, those in power would share a little of what they have with us.

3. Do you agree with William Glasser? Any examples?



4. Glasser says that “to be satisfied with how others have treated us for a week would seem like an eternity.” Is this the case? Why or why not?

5. How do you understand that “We are intensely competitive.”? Do you agree?

6. How do you understand that power, as a genetic need, has no morality? Do you agree?

7. Why do people usually have a low opinion of power?



• humanity vs. humility

• be / pay a tribute to (para. 6)

I want to take this opportunity to pay a public tribute to him.

• get the message across (para. 6)

The campaign is trying to get the message across to young people that drugs are dangerous.

Part II (A): Words & Expressions (1)


Word Formation

• self-serving (para. 6)

self-taught self-centered self-directed

self-censoring self-defeating

• all-pervasive (para. 7)

all-important all-inclusive all-wise

all-present all-round

Part II (A): Words & Expressions (2)

Part II: Analysis of Psychological Needs (paras. 4-14)

B. The Other Psychological Needs (paras. 10-14)



1. Freedom

• What is the author’s opinion about the relationship between

freedom and power as well as belonging?

• Do you agree with Glasser? Why or why not?

• How do you understand freedom? That is, what do you want

from freedom?

Part II (B): Discussion


2. Fun

• What is fun?

About laughter, play and entertainment Best part of any job Not serious but important Spontaneous A balance to misery A catalyst

• What point does the author try to make in Paragraph 12?



2. Fun

• How do you understand that the ability to make choices is the precondition to fun?

• How do you understand that fun is also about making choices? Do you agree?

• Why is fun a basic need?

Fun, as a powerful genetic incentive to long-term dedication to learning and learning, decides how we can survive.

• How is fun important in your life?

• How is fun related to power, freedom and belonging?



• branch out (para. 10)

The company has branched out into car leasing.

It is usually best to start with simple examples and then branch out slowly as you learn more.

• in direct/inverse proportion to (para. 13)

The value of life will be only in direct proportion to his achievements and the contributions he makes to society.

Part II (B): Words & Expressions

Reinforcement

GrammarGrammar

Discussion


Unit 13

Reinforcement Discussion

1. What are the features shared by all these five basic needs?

2. What do you think should be the appropriate relationship between these five basic needs?

3. Why does the author argue that power and fun are both basic human needs?

Reinforcement Grammar

As 作为关系代词

1. as 引导的限定性定语从句，主要出现在一些固定的结构中，如 such…as, the same…as, as…as…

• Transistors have such advantages as are described in the book.

(as 在从句中作主语 )• She is not such a carless student as you think she is. (as在从句中作表语 )• Such symbols as we often use in mathematics are Greek letters.(as在从句中作宾语 )

• The instrument is not such as I saw on the exhibition. (as 在

从句中作宾语， such 作代词，充当 as 的先行词 )• It is said that the moon is made of the same kind of matter as exists on the earth .( 和 same 连用 )

Reinforcement Grammar

As 作为关系代词

2. as 引导的非限定性定语从句， as 代替整个主句或主句的一部分。

• As is announced in today’s newspapers, there will be an earthquake in the next few days.• He is absent, as is often the case.• As you will find out, I will never let you down.

the needs that drive us all william glasser. r einforcement einforcement t ext analysisext analysis...

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