the nature of humanities

7/29/2019 The Nature of Humanities

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Humanities bring enlightenment, enjoyment andstimulation in searching individual identity; the act ofdiscovery is in itself a reward of accomplishment.

Art, music and literature can elevate mans feeling andaction to positive forces in the world increasingawareness of its failure.

Arts provide enjoyment and stimulation, especiallywhen you understand them.


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1. THE NATURE OF HUMANITIESThe word humanities can have different meanings; thedefinition of humanities has changed over time.

TIMELINE OF STUDYING HUMANITIES

a. In the Middle Ages (The period of history betweenclassical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance),humanities was used to distinguish between areas of

study that pertained to human, vis--vis (counterpart )those that pertained to God.


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b. In the West (The countries of (originally) Europe and (nowincluding) North America and South America) , the study ofhumanities can be traced to ancient Greece as the basis of a

broad education for citizens.

HOMER - Ancient

Greek epic poet

who is believed to

have written theIliad and the

Odyssey (circa 850

BC)


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c. During Roman times (The time period during which Romedominated Europe), the concept of seven liberal arts evolved,involving grammar, rhetoric and logic (the trivium) along with

arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music (quadrivium).


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d. During the Renaissance, there is a major change.Humanities began to be regarded and to be studied ratherthan practiced (e.g humanities became an integral part of the

curriculum), with a corresponding change away from thetraditional fields into areas such as literature and history.

Renaissance - The period of European history at the close ofthe Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a culturalrebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries.


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e. In the 20th Century, this view was in turn challenged by thepostmodernist movement, which sought to redefine humanitiesin more egalitarian (Favoring social equality) terms suitable

for a democratic society.


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f. HUMANITIES IN THE DIGITAL AGE

*Language and literature are considered to be the centraltopics in humanities during Digital age. This is because of the

advent modern technology and internet as it speeds upcommunication but may threaten deferred forms ofcommunication such as literature and dumb-down language.Maybe time comes the traditional of arts will be completelyabandoned.

*Reality check: The library is also changing rapidly asbookshelves are replaced by computer terminals.


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Meaning of Humanities

*- Humanities emphasize its connection with man.

*-The word humanitiesisfrom Latin term humanusreferring to man.

*-It deals with the branches of study pertaining to culturalachievements of man.


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*A field of science that is concerned with human relations, thestudy of mans nature, his or her culture, the evolution of his

or her thinking and ideas, aspirations and ideals.


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According to Protagoras, a Greek philosopher he said that man

is the measure of all things, because the appreciation of arts

can be strengthened because the artists convey their thoughts,

beliefs, values and feelings through the visual, auditory,literary and performing arts.


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*Hard or objective sciences: Example: Math and Chemistry

*Soft or subjective sciences: Example: art and philosophy


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Is art and nature

different?


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Importance of studying humanities

*Numerous scientists and businessmen pointed out that astudent may achieve a high degree of technical knowledge

and specialized skill but still lack of understanding andappreciation of the world he or she lives in.


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Four specific reasons on the importance of studyinghumanities:

1. The study of humanities provides man a thorough knowledge

of his or her history and cultural tradition.2. The study of humanities also helps man to acquire the valuesand wisdom that are essential for human survival and progress.


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3. The study of humanities helps man develop critical

thinking.

4. Humanities, like similar fields of study, can help promote

mans intellectual, social, moral and aesthetic development.


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True or False:

*1. The trivium includes: grammar, geometryand ethics.

*2. Humanities was regarded as a theoreticalsubject rather than a practical subject during

the Renaissance.*3. The word Humanites is from a Latin term.

*4. Humanities is generally defined as thestudy of human nature.

*5. Humanism is a philosophy that stresses mansperfectibility.


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*6. Protagoras is the founder of humanism.

*7. The study of humanities develops mans critical thinking.

*8. Postmodernism redefined humanities for democratic

society.

*9. Traditionally, Algebra belongs to humanities.

*10. Humanities is a science.


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CHAPTER 2 THE NATURE OF ART

The term ART does not have a universal meaning. It is just

defined by history and historical processes and the meaning ofart varies from one culture to another.


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*It is derived from the Latin word ars which means theability or skill.

*It covers the areas of artistic creativity that seek tocommunicate beauty primarily through the senses.


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*In more specialized sense, art applies to such activities thatexpress aesthetic ideas by the use of skill and imagination inthe creation of object, environment and experiences, whichcan be shared with others.


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*According to Beardsly, in his book TheCreative Art pointed an art is somethingproduced with the intention of giving it, the

capacity to satisfy the aesthetic (visual)interest.

*in full Aubrey Vincent Beardsley , born August

21, 1872, Brighton, Sussex, England, died March16, 1898, Menton, France the leading Englishillustrator of the 1890s.


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*He coined the term Beardsleyan which means a combinationof desire and belief.

A. Desire desiring to produce such a work

B. Belief Believing that one can produce


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Is artisan andartist different?


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Artisan/Craftsman

- The one who is skillful in manipulating (controlling andexploiting the surface, structure, structure and form hisor her materials become a master of materials.

*Therefore, the one who has a skill in an applied art.

*By contrast, makers of crafts have gender-specific labels craftsman and craftswoman but thoughcraftsperson is the natural neutral term, many such

practitioners prefer to be called artisans. (The Latinancestor of this term is artire, which means toinstruct in the arts.)

*An artisan is a skilled manual worker who crafts items

that may be functional or strictly decorative, includingfurniture, clothing, jewelry, household items, and tools

*A worker in a skilled trade, esp. one that involvesmaking things by hand.


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Artist

*Someone who makes paintings, drawings, or other

artwork*A person whose creative work shows sensitivity andimagination

*An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a

broad spectrum of activities related to creating art,practicing the arts, and/or demonstrating an art.

* The word for the creator of art is the gender-neutralterm artist. (The French form of the word, artiste,came to apply more broadly to creative professionals,

especially performers, though it also has a pejorativesense of pretentious artist.) By extension, onetalented in any endeavor even a con artist may earnthe term.


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Generalization:

Artisan and Artist The precise distinctions (differences) not

in quality or artistic achievement but in function

*According to Leo Tolstoy (1896), ( in full Count LevNikolayevich Tolstoy was a Russian writer who primarily

wrote novels and short stories) he pointed out that an artistaims to communicate and /or to organize visually.


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What is art and

work of art?

1


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1. Arts comes from Latin term ars which means the skilland ability.

2. Arts express aesthetic ideas by the use of skill andimagination

3. Work of art A record of a particular artists view4. Work of art A product of the artists unique personality

influenced by his or her environment, traditions, nationaltraits, religious believes, economic conditions, ideals

(excellence).


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5. Work of art Represents or reflects theindividual, the character of the period and theplace where it was produced.

6.Arts is used to describe the fine arts such aspainting, sculpture, architecture, literature,

dance, music and film (Webster InternationalEncyclopedia)

7. Visual arts are the arts that we perceivethrough our eyes and it includes painting,architecture and sculpture as well as clothes andhousehold appliances.

Th i f A


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The importance of Art

1. The arts constitute one of the oldest and most importantmeans of expression developed by human being. Universally, itis the language expressing mans feeling.


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Th V l f A


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The Value of Art

*The value of art depends on how we perceive it.

Sunflower is a

series of still life

paintings by the

Dutch painter

Vincent van

Gogh

S d i h l f i h f


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Studying the value of art is the center of argumentof different scholars like Dan Cooper, a three-timeEmmy Award winner, art director and founder of 4

LLC, a New York new media software developmentcompany, he argues that the art materialsthemselves arent worth much but dont forget theframe, the artists overhead and gallery

commission.The current record price was paid for The Card Players

(1890-1895) by Paul Czanne, which was sold formore than $250 million in 2011.

a French artist

and Post-

Impressionist

painter


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Famous artists who contribute on studying the value of art

1. Picasso (Pablo Ruiz y Picasso ) Spanish

expatriate painter, sculptor, printmaker,ceramicist, and stage designer, one of thegreatest and most influential artists of the 20thcentury and the creator (with Georges Braque) of

Cubism.

*


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*Guernica is a painting by Pablo Picasso. It was created inresponse to the bombing of Guernica, a Basque Countryvillage in northern Spain by German and Italian warplanes atthe behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937,during the Spanish Civil War.


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2. Van Gogh (Vincent Willem van Gogh ) - Dutch Post-impressionist painter noted for his use of color (1853-1890)

Wheat Field with Cypresses, 1889, National

Gallery, London.


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SELF-PORTRAITS BY VINCENT VAN GOGH


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Commercial value Art as an object for sale depends on thevalue of a painting or any art form and is determined by supplyand demand. Like for example for example the work Vincent

Willem van Gogh was purchased by a huge Japanesecorporation and paid at least 6 million dollar for his famouspainting.


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*Aesthetic value of an artwork The Aesthetic value of anartwork is different from its commodity value because artcommunicates on levels from the superficial to the profound.

It is realized by spending your time, not your money.*The beauty of art such as harmony of form and color, rhythm

and proportion, has traditionally been considered the highestvalue in art. Though, the form of beauty changes over timebut again, it is in the eye of the beholder.


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Cooper pointed different artistic value of art:

1. It is not the canvass, the hue, the oil, the tempera but thecontribution of the arts to our life; its suggestions to our

sensations, feelings and imaginations make it valuable.

2. Art serves as valuable source of inspiration because we getsome glimpse of thoughts, feelings and beliefs of people in

their time.

3. Arts may influence to change our life.


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Two versus three dimensional items


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Two- versus three-dimensional itemsTwo dimensional have length and width. That is, they lie in a planeand do not occupy space. Examples are circles, squares, triangles,parallelograms, and various polygons. Those objects don'thave volume but have area.

Three-dimensional objects are called solids and have threedimensions: length, width, and depth (or height). They occupy space

and have volume. Examples are spheres, cubes, cones, and cylinders,to name a few.

THE THREE LANGUAGES OF THE ART


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THE THREE LANGUAGES OF THE ART

1. Primary language: A language of art that is built into us as

a part of our human heritage.

According to Herbert Read, an English anarchist, poet, andcritic of literature and art he said that the primary language ofthe art consists of the cultivation of the arts in an education ofthe sensibilities.

2 Second language: It is made up of the conventions the


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2. Second language: It is made up of the conventions, thetraditions and styles, which have accumulated over the ages.

The greater the number of works of art we come to knowintimately, the larger our vocabulary of these conventions.

3. Third language. It deals with the ability to talk about thearts meaningfully and expressively.

ART AND EXPERIENCE


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ART AND EXPERIENCE

Is art demandexperience?

*All art involves experience that there can be no appreciation


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All art involves experience, that there can be no appreciationof without experience.

*By experience, means the actual doing of something. The firstand least demand of art is experience.

ART AND NATURE


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ART AND NATURE

*Art and nature are fundamentally different. Artis not nature but man-made, no matter how

much it resembles nature. What they have incommon is beauty, the beauty of art and thebeauty of nature. All the things that we see arenot only a product of art but a product of nature

or by Gods creation.

FACTOR AFFECTING THE WORK OF THE ARTIST AND ARTISAN


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FACTOR AFFECTING THE WORK OF THE ARTIST AND ARTISAN

1. Style: An art is characterizing the style of aperiod, perhaps the result of a certain community of

feeling in the leading spirits of an age.

Created last April

1521 in Santo Nio,

Cebu City

2. Historical factors: Most artistic creations of any period have


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2. Historical factors: Most artistic creations of any period havecertain traits in common.

When an artists search for new perceptions, he is tied to theworld around him.

3. Geographical factors: An artist/artisan is conditioned by


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3. Geographical factors: An artist/artisan is conditioned bytheir locality and nationality.

DURIAN MONUMENT DavaoInternational AirportRey Mujahdhid Ponce Millan or

known as Kublai Millan, a famous

art photographer, painter, digital

artist and performance artist

4. Political, psychological and sociological factors: Political


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4. Political, psychological and sociological factors: Politicalsystems and social patterns contribute to change in style.

5. Ideational factors: Spiritual movements such as Christianity,


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5. deat o al acto s: Sp tual ove e ts suc as C st a ty,the counter reformation and humanism brought strikingchanges in social and political structures and so they alsodirectly influence changes in art styles.

6.Technical factors: It means the availability of materials, for it


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y ,will affect the kind of art being produced.

Tom Wright is a British

architect. His most notable

design is the Burj Al Arab in

Dubai, United Arab Emirates.


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CHAPTER 3 THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ARTS


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FOUR CATEGORIES ON THE FUNCTION OF ARTS


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FOUR CATEGORIES ON THE FUNCTION OF ARTS

1. Contextual2. Physical3. Social

4. Personal

5. Socio-Cultural functions of art


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2 Ph i l F ti f A t


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2. Physical Function of Art

*Works of art that are created to perform some services havephysical functions.

*For example, a Japanese raku bowl is an art that performs aphysical function in the tea ceremony.

*Architecture or any industrial designs are examples of artthat have physical functions.

3 S i l F ti f A t


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3. Social Functions of Art

*Art has social functions when it addresses aspects of

collective life, as opposed to one persons point of view orexperience.

*Art that depicts social conditions performs social functions.

4 P l F ti f A t


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4. Personal Functions of Art

*This is the most difficult to explain in any great detail. Art

can used to create chaos and a therapeutic for both theartist and the viewer.

*We adored ourselves in order to be attractive enough.

5 S i lt l F ti f A t


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5. Socio-cultural Functions of Art

*Works of art are significant players in the evolution of

culture because it contributes in cultural continuity andthrough innovations in forms and techniques, to culturalchange.


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How does art fulfill Personal and

psychological needs?

*For the artist creating art is a vehicle for making inner


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*For the artist, creating art is a vehicle for making innerthoughts and feelings visible.

*Personally, the art of dressing satisfies ones personalneeds.

*Psychologically, According to Robert Desjarlais, in his book

The Aesthetics of Illness and Healing in the NepalHimalayas, he revealed that art has a therapeutic value.


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the nature of humanities

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